Amado M Padilla
Biographic Data
| ID | 656044 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amado M Padilla |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amado M |
| FAMILY NAME | Padilla |
| SIGNATURE | PADILLA A M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2449-4714 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 104 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1077 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 104 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Do Females Outperform Males on Second/Foreign Language (L2) Achievement? A Meta-Analytical Review across Three Decades
Gender differences in Second/Foreign language (L2) learning have long been a topic of investigation. However, inconsistent results continue to be reported. In this current meta-analysis, we identified 42 empirical studies that appeared between 1998 and 2024, with a cumulated total N = 25,613, from numerous countries. Our goal was to explore gender differences in L2 learning and to investigate possible moderators that explain such differences if f…
Reducing Cultural Taxation: Students’ Perspectives on Changes Needed in Higher Education
Structured Happenstance: Pathways Toward Upward Mobility Among First-Generation Latine College Students
Higher education is often positioned as a pathway to upward social mobility, yet access to highly selective universities (HSUs) remains limited, with first-generation college (FGC) students from low-income and ethnoracially minoritized backgrounds disproportionately constrained by structural barriers. This study applies an asset-based lens to examine how a cross-generational team of six Latine FGC affiliates of an HSU (i.e., alumni, doctoral stud…
Risk and resiliency in the academy: A conversation among Latinx scholars
Unpacking the factors related to flourishing among bilingual adults in the U.S
Using a positive psychological framework, Broaden-and-Build Theory, we investigated whether and how positive and negative emotions (affective factors) and cognitive flexibility are related to flourishing. Participants are 151 bilingual adults from diverse backgrounds enrolled in a local community college. Results showed that both positive and negative emotions and cognitive flexibility were significantly related to flourishing. More importantly, …
Longitudinal academic, language, and social emotional learning outcomes of graduates of a one‐way Spanish Immersion program
Seven cohorts of students ( N = 258) who completed a K‐5 Spanish Immersion (SI) program in a suburban California school district were followed longitudinally through middle and high school to understand their academic, language, and social emotional outcomes. Academic and language outcomes included Spanish classes and grades, standardized Math and English Language Arts test scores, high school grade point average (GPA), language class enrollment,…
Understanding the Nuances of First-Generation College Students: How the Culture of College Factors Into Academic Success
The designation of first-generation college students in educational research has been operationalized inconsistently since its inception. This variation makes understanding and generalizing about this complex group problematic. We explore the inconsistencies in definitions of first-generation students using a culture of college resilience framework and argue that substantial differences in these definitions exist across the literature, which scho…
Cultural taxation or “tax credit”? Understanding the nuances of ethnoracially minoritized student labor in higher education
In this conceptual paper, we use an intersectional approach to understand the divergent outcomes stemming from ethnoracially minoritized students’ labour to improve diversity on U.S. campuses. Research shows that attempts to leverage the perspectives of ethnoracially minoritized faculty in diversity work has levied a burden, known as cultural taxation (Padilla 1994), on the professional advancement of this group. While the literature on cultural …
Mindset, stereotype threat and the academic achievement gap between Chinese and Latinx English Learners (ELs)
Longitudinal study of Spanish Dual Language Immersion graduates: Secondary school academic and language achievement
Five cohorts of students ( N = 322) who completed a K–5 Spanish Dual Language Immersion (DLI) program in an urban school district were followed longitudinally through middle and high school completion. Academic and language achievement data included English Language Arts and Mathematics scores on the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) test for grades 3–8 and on the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP) for 11th…
On the Role of Passion in Second Language Learning and Flourishing
Impact of Covid-19 on Latinos: A Social Determinants of Health Model and Scoping Review of the Literature
The purpose of this scoping review of the literature was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the living conditions of Latinos (Hispanics) in the U.S. from a social determinants of health perspective. We developed a conceptual model based on the social determinants of health framework to guide the search, extraction, analysis, and interpretation of the bibliographic material. A systematic review of peer reviewed literature published …
Grit and motivation for learning English among Japanese university students
Technology for Educational Purposes Among Low-Income Latino Children Living in a Mobile Park in Silicon Valley: A Case Study Before and During Covid-19
Our case study explored the role of technology in education among low-income Latino residents living in a mobile park in Silicon Valley. Through surveys and in-person interviews with parents and children, we report qualitative data on home Internet access and availability of technological devices utilized for school-related purposes. The results of this study indicated that despite having a baseline level of access to technology as well as an und…
The Flowering of Positive Psychology in Foreign Language Teaching and Acquisition Research
The present contribution offers an overview of a new area of research in the field of foreign language acquisition, which was triggered by the introduction of Positive Psychology (PP) (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 2012). For many years, a cognitive perspective had dominated research in applied linguistics. Around the turn of the millennium researchers became increasingly interested in the role of emotions in foreign language learning and teaching, be…
Latino Millennials—The New Diverse Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities
There are a variety of trends that are enabling and forcing organizational change. A crucial trend that has implications for a changing and growing demographic workforce includes Millennials and in particular Latinos/Hispanics as the world and particularly the U.S. workplace continues to have an increased aging workforce. Yet, while Latinos are members of the largest and also the fastest growing minority group in the United States, they are dispr…
Predicting South Korean University Students’ Happiness through Social Support and Efficacy Beliefs
Learner Performance in Mandarin Immersion and High School World Language Programs: A Comparison
This study compared the Mandarin performance of elementary immersion program students and high school world language program students in the same school district. A cross‐sectional design was employed to gather information on Mandarin proficiency of fourth and fifth graders and Level 4 and Level 5 (AP Chinese) high school students who took the Mandarin Standards‐Based Measurement of Proficiency assessment at the end of the school year. Results in…
Developing a Culture of Resilience for Low-Income Immigrant Youth
A Mandarin/English two‐way immersion program: Language proficiency and academic achievement
A Mandarin/English two‐way immersion elementary program is described from its inception and implementation through the fifth grade, the culminating year of the program. All students in all grades were assessed on their oral/listening, reading, and writing performance in Mandarin using program‐created assessment measures. Fifth‐grade students also took the Mandarin STAMP 4Se test online to assess their oral and literacy performance. In addition, a…
Using Meaningful Interpretation and Chunking to Enhance Memory: The Case of Chinese Character Learning
Learning and retaining Chinese characters are often considered to be the most challenging elements in learning Chinese as a foreign language. Applying the theory of meaningful interpretation, the chunking mnemonic technique, and the linguistic features of Chinese characters, this study examines whether the method of meaningful interpretation and chunking (MIC) can promote learners' immediate learning and retention of Chinese characters. Mandarin …
Acculturation-Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Three Generations of Hispanic Adolescents
Stress associated with acculturation and minority status among Hispanic youth is understudied. Using survey data from the Hispanic Stress Inventory–Adolescent Version (HSI-A), we examined psychosocial stress across eight domains including family economic stress and acculturation-gap stress in a national sample of three generations (first, second, and third or higher) of Hispanic adolescents ( N = 1,263). Research questions addressed generation di…
Ethnic Minority Psychology
In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the history of racial and ethnic minority psychology across five groups: African Americans, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, Latinos, and Native Hawaiians. The coverage of this topic in the Handbook of Psychology is quite fitting and serves as a counterpoint to historical neglect of the contributions of people of color in American psychology. The chapter also includes pertine…
A High School Intensive Summer Mandarin Course: Program Model and Learner Outcomes
This article describes a STARTALK intensive summer high school Mandarin language and culture program that was conducted for three summers. Participants across the three years included 40 Mandarin Level II and 53 Mandarin Level III high school students. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented to show the effectiveness of the program. Students' language proficiency scores showed significant improvement between pre‐ and posttests for listeni…
Using Qualitative Methods for Revising Items in the Hispanic Stress Inventory
Despite progress in the development of measures to assess psychosocial stress experiences in the general population, a lack of culturally informed assessment instruments exist to enable clinicians and researchers to detect and accurately diagnosis mental health concerns among Hispanics. The Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI) was developed specifically for Hispanic adults, however, significant social and geopolitical changes over the past two decades…
Acculturative Stress and Specific Coping Strategies among Immigrant and Later Generation College Students
Acculturative stress and specific coping strategies were assessed in a group of 214 multicultural college undergraduates of both sexes who were divided into four generational status groups: early immigrants (immigrated before 12 years of age) and late immigrants (immigrated after age 12), second-generation and third-generation. Also explored was the relationship of acculturative stress to self-esteem, locus of control and loyalty to American cult…
Acculturation, Social Identity, and Social Cognition: A New Perspective
The authors argue in this article that new approaches are needed in the study of psychological acculturation. They posit that a new model of psychological acculturation should incorporate contemporary work in social and cognitive psychology. The model they present builds on previous research in the areas of social cognition, cultural competence, social identity, and social stigma. Each of these perspectives is discussed in accordance with its rel…
The Flowering of Positive Psychology in Foreign Language Teaching and Acquisition Research
The present contribution offers an overview of a new area of research in the field of foreign language acquisition, which was triggered by the introduction of Positive Psychology (PP) (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 2012). For many years, a cognitive perspective had dominated research in applied linguistics. Around the turn of the millennium researchers became increasingly interested in the role of emotions in foreign language learning and teaching, be…
Bicultural Social Development
The conditions that result in bicultural social development among Latino children and adolescents represent the central focus of this article. The literature surrounding bicultural development is reviewed from four perspectives: (a) immigrant children and adolescents, (b) second generation Latinos or the offspring of immigrants, (c) later generation ethnic children and adolescents, and (d) mixed ethnic and racial heritage individuals. Each of the…
The Mexican-American Extended Family As An Emotional Support System
Empirical and Construct Validation of a Measure of Acculturation for Mexican Americans
An acculturation inventory consisting of sociocultural and semantic differential items was administered to adult men and women: 26 Anglo Americans, 16 first generation Mexican Americans, and 26 third generation Mexican Americans in three Southern California communities. The results indicated that acculturation scores derived from the inventory correlated highly with ethnic group membership (.83 ≤ r ≤ .85; p < .01). Furthermore, hypotheses pertain…
Hispanic Psychology: Critical Issues in Theory and Research
Introduction to Hispanic Psychology - Amado M Padilla PART ONE: ACCULTURATION AND ADAPTATION Environmental Influences and Personal Choice - Ray Garza and Placida I Gallegos A Humanistic Perspective on Acculturation Mexican American Family Functioning and Acculturation - Erich Rueschenberg and Raymond Buriel A Family Systems Perspective A Multidimensional Measure of Cultural Identity for Latino and Latina Adolescents - Maria Felix-Ortiz, Michael D…
Acculturation-Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Three Generations of Hispanic Adolescents
Stress associated with acculturation and minority status among Hispanic youth is understudied. Using survey data from the Hispanic Stress Inventory–Adolescent Version (HSI-A), we examined psychosocial stress across eight domains including family economic stress and acculturation-gap stress in a national sample of three generations (first, second, and third or higher) of Hispanic adolescents ( N = 1,263). Research questions addressed generation di…
Gender and ethnic differences in psychosocial stress and generalized distress among Hispanics
Reliability and Validity of the Hispanic Stress Inventory
Thlis study examined the reliability and validitv of a newly developed instrument to assess psychosocial stress amonig Hispanic adults, the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI). A community pilot sample (N = 493) was obtained using the HSI along with a variety of criterion measures. Factor analytic procedures resulted in two versions of the HSI, one for Hispanic immigrants and a second for U.S. born Hispanics. Sub-scale scores and total HSI scores for…
A Mandarin/English two‐way immersion program: Language proficiency and academic achievement
A Mandarin/English two‐way immersion elementary program is described from its inception and implementation through the fifth grade, the culminating year of the program. All students in all grades were assessed on their oral/listening, reading, and writing performance in Mandarin using program‐created assessment measures. Fifth‐grade students also took the Mandarin STAMP 4Se test online to assess their oral and literacy performance. In addition, a…
The Academic Resilience of Mexican American High School Students
This study sought to identify factors that contribute to the academic resilience and achievement among Mexican American high school students. High-and low-achieving students were selectedfrom a database that included 2,169 Mexican American students in three California high schools. Resilient students (N = 133) reported receiving mostly A grades in high school, whereas nonresilient students (N = 81) reported mostly grades of D or below. Variables …
Cultural Orientation across Three Generations of Hispanic Adolescents
Acculturation among Hispanic adolescents involves learning the behaviors, beliefs, and values of American culture. This study examined changes in cultural orientation across three generations of adolescents (N = 203). Results indicated that Hispanic cultural orientation decreases in a linear trend across the first three generations, whereas American cultural orientation increases linearly. These findings suggest that within a few generations, mos…
Academic Performance of Immigrant and U.S.-Born Mexican Heritage Students: Effects of Schooling in Mexico and Bilingual/English Language Instruction
This study examined generation differences in achievement among 2,167 high school students who identified themselves as Mexican or Mexican American, reported whether they were born in the U.S. or outside of the U.S., and reported being in the general or academic track. Based on student self-reported grade point average (GPA), immigrant students in general-track courses and college preparatory courses reported higher grades than third-generation s…
Academic Invulnerability among a Select Group of Latino University Students
The conceptualframeworks of "at-risk" and academic invulnerability were examined with 30 undergraduate Latino students enrolled in a highly selective university. Students were interviewed about their educational experiences to examine factors contributing to their academic success. Students were grouped (n= 10) based on educational attainment of parents: Group One-parents with 11 or fewer years of schooling; Group Two-at least one parent graduate…
Person Perception, Self-Identity, and Ethnic Group Preference in Anglo, Black, and Chicano Preschool and Third-Grade Children
Seventy-two preschool and 68 third-grade Anglo, Black, and Chicano children were shown color photographs of young male adults from the same three ethnic groups as Ss. All children were able to discriminate between the photographs of the white and Black males, but the preschool Ss were unable to make the finer discrimination between the Anglo and Chicano photographs. All pools of Ss indicated the appropriate photograph when asked which looked most…
Ethnic Identity and Cultural Awareness Among The Offspring of Mexican Interethnic Marriages
Characteristics of 63 offspring of marriages involving one Mexican origin and one non-Hispanic parent are reported. Respondents ranged in age from 12 to 18 years and were interviewed by telephone concerning knowledge of and preference for their Mexican background. Results indicated that although their knowledge of Mexican culture was limited, subjects self-reported ethnic identification and pride in their identity. This finding runs counter to pr…
Entering and Succeeding in the “Culture of College: The Story of Two Mexican Heritage Students
In this retrospective study, the academic resilience of two individuals of Mexican heritage who graduated from Stanford University is described. The respondents (a woman and a man) now in their early 20s came from home backgrounds of extreme impoverishment and adversity. By means of in-depth interviews the challenges the two respondents faced in school beginning in kindergarten and continuing through their graduation from Stanford is described. B…
Generational Status and Personality Factors as Predictors of Stress in Students
To determine the effect of generational status on stress and several personality measures, 247 university students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing a new stress scale designed for use with immigrant students, Coopersmith's brief Self-Esteem Inventory, Rotters Internal/External Locus of Control Scale, and the introversion/extroversion subscale of the Comrey Personality Index. Students were divided into four generational groups con…
Learner Performance in Mandarin Immersion and High School World Language Programs: A Comparison
This study compared the Mandarin performance of elementary immersion program students and high school world language program students in the same school district. A cross‐sectional design was employed to gather information on Mandarin proficiency of fourth and fifth graders and Level 4 and Level 5 (AP Chinese) high school students who took the Mandarin Standards‐Based Measurement of Proficiency assessment at the end of the school year. Results in…
Hispanic Behavioral Science Research: Recommendations for Future Research
This article briefly presents the major developments in Hispanic behavioral science research over the past decade and provides recommendations for future research. Some of the major research-related developments have emanated largely from three research centers dedicated to the study of Hispanic mental health, a national organization of service providers, and a minority mental health fellowship program. Numerous individuals from various backgroun…
Utilization of Traditional and Non-Traditional Sources of Health Care among Hispanics
A random sample of 100 low-income Hispanics was interviewed regarding patterns of health care utilization and perceptions of underutilization of health services by members of their community. Responses showed substantially low rates of utilization of preventive services although most respondents knew when care should be sought. Utilization rates of folk providers (Curanderos, yerberos, etc.) were minimal among this sample. Financial difficulties …
Grit and motivation for learning English among Japanese university students
Correlates and changes over time in drug and alcohol use within a barrio population
Extent and determinants of use of alcohol, marijuana, inhalants, and PCP were explored in a group of 339 Mexican American youths from the East Los Angeles Housing projects. Results from this study were compared to those from a similar survey carried out in the same area 2 years ago. Use of inhalants has declined markedly compared with prevalence reported in the previous report. However, use of alcohol and marijuana have increased across all age a…
Synopsis of key persons, events, and associations in the history of Latino psychology
In this article, we present a brief synopsis of six early Latino psychologists, several key conferences, the establishment of research centers, and early efforts to create an association for Latino psychologists. Our chronology runs from approximately 1930 to 2000. This history is a firsthand account of how these early leaders, conferences, and efforts to bring Latinos and Latinas together served as a backdrop to current research and practice in …
Role of Multiple-Pellet Rewards in Acquisition and Extinction of a Runway Response
4 groups of 10 rats were given continuous reinforcement training in a straight runway. All Ss received 100 pellet rewards, but groups differed in number of locomotor responses, goalbox placements, and number of pellets received on each trial. Following acquisition, Ss in each of the main groups were given massed or distributed extinction training. The results showed that Ss required to make a greater number of locomotor responses had faster termi…
Note on Frustration Theory and the Partial Reinforcement Effect following a Few Acquisition Trials
Frustration theory (Amsel, 1958) is unable to explain partial reinforcement effects following limited acquisition training. It is suggested that attempts to explain these findings may have implications for conditioning theories in general, and that more attention should be given to the early acquisition process
Two, Four, Six, Eight, When You Gonna Integrate
Effects of Prior and Interpolated Shock Exposures on Subsequent Avoidance Learning by Goldfish
7 groups ( N = 10) of goldfish, Carassius auratus, were treated with either prior or interpolated unsignaled-inescapable shocks or escape training (i.e., CS-omission) to assess the effects on subsequent avoidance performance. Both prior and interpolated inescapable shock exposures interfered with avoidance performance. Only the prior CS-omission training condition resulted in a similar effect. The relevance of these results to an interpretation o…
Ethnic identification and preference: A review
Person Perception, Self-Identity, and Ethnic Group Preference in Anglo, Black, and Chicano Preschool and Third-Grade Children
Seventy-two preschool and 68 third-grade Anglo, Black, and Chicano children were shown color photographs of young male adults from the same three ethnic groups as Ss. All children were able to discriminate between the photographs of the white and Black males, but the preschool Ss were unable to make the finer discrimination between the Anglo and Chicano photographs. All pools of Ss indicated the appropriate photograph when asked which looked most…
Community mental health services for the Spanish-speaking/surnamed population
Community mental health services for the Spanish-speaking/surnamed population
Language mixing in bilingual children
Language samples of five Spanish/English bilingual children between the ages of 2; 10 and 6; 2 were examined for language mixes. Only 2% of the total utterances examined contained mixes. The most common type of mix involved the insertion of single lexical entries – mostly English nouns into Spanish utterances. Very few phrasal mixes were observed. It was concluded that language mixes do not constitute a major interference in the acquisition of bi…
Empirical and Construct Validation of a Measure of Acculturation for Mexican Americans
An acculturation inventory consisting of sociocultural and semantic differential items was administered to adult men and women: 26 Anglo Americans, 16 first generation Mexican Americans, and 26 third generation Mexican Americans in three Southern California communities. The results indicated that acculturation scores derived from the inventory correlated highly with ethnic group membership (.83 ≤ r ≤ .85; p < .01). Furthermore, hypotheses pertain…
Child Bilingualism: Report on Language Mixing, Switching and Translations
A peer interviewer model in conducting surveys among mexican-american youth
Recent studies indicate an increase in substance abuse among Mexican-American youth. Due to the sensitivity of investigating substance abuse among young people and the difficulty in gaining access to minority communities, an alternative method of obtaining survey data, a peer interview approach, is proposed. Procedures involved when the research design employs the peer interviewer model are elaborated.
Comprehension of Relational Concepts: Use of Bilingual Children to Separate Cognitive and Linguistic Factors
Spanish/English bilingual children's comprehension of 26 relational concepts in their two languages was studied to separate some cognitive and linguistic factors in relational concept acquisition and to establish some pertinent operat ing principles for language acquisition. The following oper ating principles were proposed and supported by the results: (a) concepts with positive polarity are acquired prior to concepts with negative polarity; (b)…
The Mexican-American Extended Family As An Emotional Support System
Correlates and changes over time in drug and alcohol use within a barrio population
Extent and determinants of use of alcohol, marijuana, inhalants, and PCP were explored in a group of 339 Mexican American youths from the East Los Angeles Housing projects. Results from this study were compared to those from a similar survey carried out in the same area 2 years ago. Use of inhalants has declined markedly compared with prevalence reported in the previous report. However, use of alcohol and marijuana have increased across all age a…
Health Care Utilization by Low-Income Clients of a Community Clinic: An Archival Study
An archival study was done of 500 medical records from a community clinic serving a low-income predominantly Hispanic area of Los Angeles. Data collected included demographic characteristics and presenting symptoms or reasons for visit, as well as diagnoses and treatment. Patients tended to be young, poor, female Hispanics. The majority of patient visits were for family planning services, with smaller proportions for pediatric, general medical, o…
Status of minority curricula and training in clinical psychology
Status of minority curricula and training in clinical psychology
A Spanish Translation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Form G
A Spanish version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Form G is described. Over 2 weeks the reliabilities ranged from .79 to .89
Bilingual Memory of Greek-English Bilinguals
Two models have been proposed to explain memory storage in bilinguals. The “independence” model holds that there are two distinct semantic memories, one for each of the bilingual's two languages, while the “interdependence” model supports a unified semantic memory common to both languages. These two hypotheses were contrasted by testing 21 adult English-Greek bilinguals grouped by dominant language (English-dominant, Greek-dominant, or balanced b…
Mini-Reviews
Expectations toward school busing by Mexican American youth
Ethnic Identity and Cultural Awareness Among The Offspring of Mexican Interethnic Marriages
Characteristics of 63 offspring of marriages involving one Mexican origin and one non-Hispanic parent are reported. Respondents ranged in age from 12 to 18 years and were interviewed by telephone concerning knowledge of and preference for their Mexican background. Results indicated that although their knowledge of Mexican culture was limited, subjects self-reported ethnic identification and pride in their identity. This finding runs counter to pr…
Cultural and Ethnic Maintenance of Interethnically Married Mexican Americans
Utilization of Traditional and Non-Traditional Sources of Health Care among Hispanics
A random sample of 100 low-income Hispanics was interviewed regarding patterns of health care utilization and perceptions of underutilization of health services by members of their community. Responses showed substantially low rates of utilization of preventive services although most respondents knew when care should be sought. Utilization rates of folk providers (Curanderos, yerberos, etc.) were minimal among this sample. Financial difficulties …
Psychology (93 works) · Sociology (48 works) · Medicine (31 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (22 works) · Ethnic group (21 works) · Mathematics education (18 works) · Pedagogy (18 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Political science (17 works)