J Radl
Biographic Data
| ID | 68897 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J Radl |
| GIVEN NAMES | J |
| FAMILY NAME | Radl |
| SIGNATURE | RADL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad Carlos III de Madrid |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0372-5782 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 305 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Family Structure and Cognitive Effort: Examining the Influence of Living with a Single Parent on Children’s Task Engagement
This brief report investigates the association between family structure and the cognitive effort of fifth-grade students in Madrid and Berlin. Although existing studies often link single parenthood to poorer academic outcomes, scant research has investigated its impact on children’s effort. This study utilizes a novel behavioral measure of cognitive effort—rather than survey-based proxies—to fill this knowledge gap. We collected data from 1359 st…
Parental Health Shocks and Child Outcomes at Ages 17–25: Evidence From Germany
Objective To investigate the impact of various parental health shocks, including parental death, on young adults' life satisfaction and mental health, personality traits, as well as NEET status (i.e., being neither in employment, education, nor training). Background Theoretical considerations and previous cross‐sectional studies suggest that parental health problems negatively affect child outcomes and may play an important role in the intergener…
Polluting student test performance: School-based evidence on the adverse effects of air pollution
The Social Origins of Effort: How Incentives Reduce Socioeconomic Disparities among Children
Cognitive effort (i.e., the mobilization of mental resources for task performance) is essential to equality of opportunity and meritocracy because it epitomizes individual agency. However, sociological theories of social inequality in effort are scarce and partial, and available empirical measures of effort are unreliable and lack validity. We fill this lacuna by (1) elaborating a theoretical account of how socioeconomic status (SES) affects chil…
No evidence for association between pupil size and fluid intelligence among either children or adults
Recent studies have investigated resting-state, or baseline, pupil size as a general measure of cognitive abilities, based on the earlier finding that larger pupils might be predictive of higher general intelligence or working memory capacity. However, evidence for such relationships has been mixed, and all previous studies thus far have focused on adult samples. The present study adds to this debate by examining the correlation between fluid int…
Parenting Practices and Children’s Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study
We examine the association between parenting practices (discipline and support) and children’s cognitive effort. Cognitive effort is hard to measure; hence, little is known about effort dispositions, and how parenting practices affect effort. We analyse data from 1,148 fifth-grade students from Berlin and Madrid (around 11 years of age). Cognitive effort is measured with tests of executive function, carried out under two reward schemes: an unince…
Por qué las mujeres en España se jubilan más tarde que los hombres
La relación entre género y jubilación en España es paradójica. La tasade empleo femenino entre los 55 y 64 años es apenas más de la mitadque la de los varones, mientras que la edad media de jubilación esmucho más alta entre las mujeres. Este estudio usa el análisis de lahistoria de acontecimientos para determinar si esa sorprendentediferencia de género se debe a efectos composicionales o de selección.Los datos proceden de un módulo especial de la…
Month of Birth and Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study of the Relative Age Effect among Fifth Graders
All around the world, school-entry cohorts are organized on an annual calendar so that the age of students in the same cohort differs by up to one year. It is a well-established finding that this age gap entails a consequential (dis)advantage for academic performance referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This study contributes to a recent strand of research that has turned to investigate the RAE on non-academic outcomes such as personalit…
Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States
A promising approach to pension policy preferences focuses on the influence of policy related information. We advance this research programme by examining the impact of information about future pension benefits, including whether information effects occur through priming, learning or both. Drawing on a novel, split-sample survey experiment in the US, Germany and Spain, we examine the impact of information on forecasted pension replacement rates f…
Which Integration Policies Work? The Heterogeneous Impact of National Institutions on Immigrants’ Labor Market Attainment in Europe
Can specific policies support the economic integration of immigrants? Despite the crucial importance of this question, existing evidence is inconclusive. Using data from the European Social Survey, we estimate the effects of integration and anti-discrimination policies, alongside social expenditure and labor market regulation, on the labor market performance of 6,176 non-European immigrants across 23 European countries. We make three contribution…
Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment
Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women's disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers' c…
Pension Policy Literacy and Retirement Expectations: A Cross-Country Survey Experiment
People's retirement expectations are sensitive to information on future changes in pension generosity but not to information on population aging. The results suggest information campaigns focused on declining pension replacement rates may help extend working lives
The Difference Between Saying and Doing: Comparing Subjective and Objective Measures of Effort Among Fifth Graders
The first goal of this study is to examine the capacity of prominent survey-based effort proxies to predict real effort provision in children. Do children who "talk the talk" of hard work also "walk the walk" and make costly effort investments? The second goal is to assess how objective and subjective effort measures are related under two conditions: intrinsic (nonincentivized) motivation and extrinsic (incentivized) motivation. We measure object…
Conceptual and Methodological Considerations on Effort: An Interdisciplinary Approach
This introduction to the special issue "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Effort" highlights the relevance of effort as a research object and pinpoints the potential of various approaches to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on this multifaceted phenomenon. Addressing three dimensions of research-on the measurement, determinants, and consequences of effort-the article also gives an overview of the collection of articles in the special is…
Educational expectations in the great recession: Has the Impact of Family Background Become Stronger
This article addresses the impact of economic climate, and particularly of the Great Recession, on the configuration of educational expectations among students around 14 years old. We analyze expectations regarding educational attainment conditional on school performance and compare our results across countries with varying levels of economic growth over time. We expect a changing economic environment to impact on (a) the average level of educati…
Teaching older workers new tricks: Workplace practices and gender training differences in nine European countries
Despite its benefits for prolonging careers, participation in training is far lower among older employees (age 50+) than among younger employees. This study analyses gender differences in older employees’ training participation. To investigate the predictors of training intensity, we examine two forms of training: formal educational programmes and on-the-job training. The study draws on a novel data-set, the European Sustainable Workforce Survey,…
Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation
This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use dat…
Ethnic inequality in retirement income: A comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe
Previous research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We …
Adding Scars to Wrinkles? Long-run Effects of Late-Career Job Loss on Retirement Behavior and Personal Income
Despite a growing interest in the effects of job loss, research on its consequences for older workers and their economic situation in retirement remains scant. Using 30 years of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we examine the incidence and consequences of job loss at ages 50 to 64, following displaced workers for up to 10 years after displacement. We implement a difference-in-differences design and compare displaced workers with …
Does Living in a Fatherless Household Compromise Educational Success? A Comparative Study of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
This study addresses the relationship between various family forms and the level of cognitive and non-cognitive skills among 15- to 16-year-old students. We measure cognitive skills using standardized scores in mathematics; non-cognitive abilities are captured by a composite measure of internal locus of control related to mathematics. A particular focus lies on father absence although we also examine the role played by co-residence with siblings …
Preschool education as the great equalizer? A cross-country study into the sources of inequality in reading competence
In this study we examine the extent to which preschool education can reduce social background differentials in learning outcomes across countries; our focus is on whether the benefits of preschool attendance for children depend on other family inputs such as parents' education and their pedagogical involvement during early childhood. We use the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, which provides a standardized measure of reading…
Pushed out prematurely? Comparing objectively forced exits and subjective assessments of involuntary retirement across Europe
The long-term consequences of parental divorce for children's educational attainment
In this paper we study the long-term consequences of parental divorce in a comparative perspective. Special attention is paid to the heterogeneity of the consequences of divorce for childrenâ s educational attainment by parental education
Volunteering over the Life Course
This paper examines how volunteering varies over the life course. Based on three theoretical explanations (resources, interests, and role substitution), we analyze how changing family characteristics, employment status, and educational attainment affects individual volunteering behavior. Drawing on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 1985–2009), we compare estimates from between-effects and fixed-effects models. In this …
Pushed, pulled, or blocked? The elderly and the labor market in post-Soviet Russia
Intergenerational transfers and social class: Inter-vivos transfers as means of status reproduction
Research on social stratification and the transmission of inequality has largely disregarded the role of inter-vivos transfers to adult children. At the same time, the role of social class has been neglected in the literature on intergenerational transfers. In an attempt to link the two research strands, the article assesses the association between occupational social class and parental transfer behaviour. Estimation results from a tobit censored…
The long-term consequences of parental divorce for children's educational attainment
In this paper we study the long-term consequences of parental divorce in a comparative perspective. Special attention is paid to the heterogeneity of the consequences of divorce for childrenâ s educational attainment by parental education
Too old to work, or too young to retire? The pervasiveness of age norms in Western Europe
The ageism debate has pointed to the persistence of negative age stereotypes that hinder the prolongation of working lives. However, the actual holders of discriminatory norms have remained largely anonymous because there is limited understanding of the pervasiveness of age norms. This article discusses arguments derived from life course and social norms theory regarding the degree of internalization of age-related norms. The focus is on individu…
Volunteering over the Life Course
This paper examines how volunteering varies over the life course. Based on three theoretical explanations (resources, interests, and role substitution), we analyze how changing family characteristics, employment status, and educational attainment affects individual volunteering behavior. Drawing on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 1985–2009), we compare estimates from between-effects and fixed-effects models. In this …
Labour Market Exit and Social Stratification in Western Europe: The Effects of Social Class and Gender on the Timing of Retirement
This article analyses social variability in retirement timing. It draws on a social stratification perspective, which arguably provides a richer theoretical framework than one-dimensional pull or push approaches. The first objective is to establish how class membership influences both the timing of retirement as well as the degree of accessibility to different pathways to retirement. The second objective is to elucidate the interplay of gender an…
Preschool education as the great equalizer? A cross-country study into the sources of inequality in reading competence
In this study we examine the extent to which preschool education can reduce social background differentials in learning outcomes across countries; our focus is on whether the benefits of preschool attendance for children depend on other family inputs such as parents' education and their pedagogical involvement during early childhood. We use the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, which provides a standardized measure of reading…
Pushed out prematurely? Comparing objectively forced exits and subjective assessments of involuntary retirement across Europe
Which Integration Policies Work? The Heterogeneous Impact of National Institutions on Immigrants’ Labor Market Attainment in Europe
Can specific policies support the economic integration of immigrants? Despite the crucial importance of this question, existing evidence is inconclusive. Using data from the European Social Survey, we estimate the effects of integration and anti-discrimination policies, alongside social expenditure and labor market regulation, on the labor market performance of 6,176 non-European immigrants across 23 European countries. We make three contribution…
Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment
Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women's disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers' c…
Social Connectedness and the Transition From Work to Retirement
The findings suggest a trade-off between informal participation and work in later life, which leads people with frequent social contacts to opt for early retirement. By contrast, the fact that formal participation is associated with postponed retirement points to employment benefits of volunteering and civic engagement among older workers
Individuelle Determinanten des Renteneintrittsalters / Individual Determinants of the Age of Retirement: Eine empirische Analyse von Übergängen in den Ruhestand / An Empirical Analysis of Transitions …
Der Beitrag untersucht die Strukturen sozialer Ungleichheit in der zeitlichen Gestaltung des Übergangs in den Ruhestand. Das Hauptinteresse gilt den Handlungsspielräumen von in Deutschland lebenden Männern beim Eintritt in den Altersrentenbezug. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse stützen sich auf Auswertungen des Scientific Use File Versichertenrentenzugang 2004. Das verwendete ereignisanalytische Modell berücksichtigt die maßgeblichen Altersgrenzen de…
The Difference Between Saying and Doing: Comparing Subjective and Objective Measures of Effort Among Fifth Graders
The first goal of this study is to examine the capacity of prominent survey-based effort proxies to predict real effort provision in children. Do children who "talk the talk" of hard work also "walk the walk" and make costly effort investments? The second goal is to assess how objective and subjective effort measures are related under two conditions: intrinsic (nonincentivized) motivation and extrinsic (incentivized) motivation. We measure object…
Ethnic inequality in retirement income: A comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe
Previous research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We …
Does Living in a Fatherless Household Compromise Educational Success? A Comparative Study of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
This study addresses the relationship between various family forms and the level of cognitive and non-cognitive skills among 15- to 16-year-old students. We measure cognitive skills using standardized scores in mathematics; non-cognitive abilities are captured by a composite measure of internal locus of control related to mathematics. A particular focus lies on father absence although we also examine the role played by co-residence with siblings …
Conceptual and Methodological Considerations on Effort: An Interdisciplinary Approach
This introduction to the special issue "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Effort" highlights the relevance of effort as a research object and pinpoints the potential of various approaches to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on this multifaceted phenomenon. Addressing three dimensions of research-on the measurement, determinants, and consequences of effort-the article also gives an overview of the collection of articles in the special is…
Educational expectations in the great recession: Has the Impact of Family Background Become Stronger
This article addresses the impact of economic climate, and particularly of the Great Recession, on the configuration of educational expectations among students around 14 years old. We analyze expectations regarding educational attainment conditional on school performance and compare our results across countries with varying levels of economic growth over time. We expect a changing economic environment to impact on (a) the average level of educati…
Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation
This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use dat…
Pushed, pulled, or blocked? The elderly and the labor market in post-Soviet Russia
Teaching older workers new tricks: Workplace practices and gender training differences in nine European countries
Despite its benefits for prolonging careers, participation in training is far lower among older employees (age 50+) than among younger employees. This study analyses gender differences in older employees’ training participation. To investigate the predictors of training intensity, we examine two forms of training: formal educational programmes and on-the-job training. The study draws on a novel data-set, the European Sustainable Workforce Survey,…
Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States
A promising approach to pension policy preferences focuses on the influence of policy related information. We advance this research programme by examining the impact of information about future pension benefits, including whether information effects occur through priming, learning or both. Drawing on a novel, split-sample survey experiment in the US, Germany and Spain, we examine the impact of information on forecasted pension replacement rates f…
Adding Scars to Wrinkles? Long-run Effects of Late-Career Job Loss on Retirement Behavior and Personal Income
Despite a growing interest in the effects of job loss, research on its consequences for older workers and their economic situation in retirement remains scant. Using 30 years of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we examine the incidence and consequences of job loss at ages 50 to 64, following displaced workers for up to 10 years after displacement. We implement a difference-in-differences design and compare displaced workers with …
The Social Origins of Effort: How Incentives Reduce Socioeconomic Disparities among Children
Cognitive effort (i.e., the mobilization of mental resources for task performance) is essential to equality of opportunity and meritocracy because it epitomizes individual agency. However, sociological theories of social inequality in effort are scarce and partial, and available empirical measures of effort are unreliable and lack validity. We fill this lacuna by (1) elaborating a theoretical account of how socioeconomic status (SES) affects chil…
Parenting Practices and Children’s Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study
We examine the association between parenting practices (discipline and support) and children’s cognitive effort. Cognitive effort is hard to measure; hence, little is known about effort dispositions, and how parenting practices affect effort. We analyse data from 1,148 fifth-grade students from Berlin and Madrid (around 11 years of age). Cognitive effort is measured with tests of executive function, carried out under two reward schemes: an unince…
Month of Birth and Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study of the Relative Age Effect among Fifth Graders
All around the world, school-entry cohorts are organized on an annual calendar so that the age of students in the same cohort differs by up to one year. It is a well-established finding that this age gap entails a consequential (dis)advantage for academic performance referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This study contributes to a recent strand of research that has turned to investigate the RAE on non-academic outcomes such as personalit…
Pension Policy Literacy and Retirement Expectations: A Cross-Country Survey Experiment
People's retirement expectations are sensitive to information on future changes in pension generosity but not to information on population aging. The results suggest information campaigns focused on declining pension replacement rates may help extend working lives
Individuelle Determinanten des Renteneintrittsalters / Individual Determinants of the Age of Retirement: Eine empirische Analyse von Übergängen in den Ruhestand / An Empirical Analysis of Transitions …
Der Beitrag untersucht die Strukturen sozialer Ungleichheit in der zeitlichen Gestaltung des Übergangs in den Ruhestand. Das Hauptinteresse gilt den Handlungsspielräumen von in Deutschland lebenden Männern beim Eintritt in den Altersrentenbezug. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse stützen sich auf Auswertungen des Scientific Use File Versichertenrentenzugang 2004. Das verwendete ereignisanalytische Modell berücksichtigt die maßgeblichen Altersgrenzen de…
Social Connectedness and the Transition From Work to Retirement
The findings suggest a trade-off between informal participation and work in later life, which leads people with frequent social contacts to opt for early retirement. By contrast, the fact that formal participation is associated with postponed retirement points to employment benefits of volunteering and civic engagement among older workers
Too old to work, or too young to retire? The pervasiveness of age norms in Western Europe
The ageism debate has pointed to the persistence of negative age stereotypes that hinder the prolongation of working lives. However, the actual holders of discriminatory norms have remained largely anonymous because there is limited understanding of the pervasiveness of age norms. This article discusses arguments derived from life course and social norms theory regarding the degree of internalization of age-related norms. The focus is on individu…
Intergenerational transfers and social class: Inter-vivos transfers as means of status reproduction
Research on social stratification and the transmission of inequality has largely disregarded the role of inter-vivos transfers to adult children. At the same time, the role of social class has been neglected in the literature on intergenerational transfers. In an attempt to link the two research strands, the article assesses the association between occupational social class and parental transfer behaviour. Estimation results from a tobit censored…
Labour Market Exit and Social Stratification in Western Europe: The Effects of Social Class and Gender on the Timing of Retirement
This article analyses social variability in retirement timing. It draws on a social stratification perspective, which arguably provides a richer theoretical framework than one-dimensional pull or push approaches. The first objective is to establish how class membership influences both the timing of retirement as well as the degree of accessibility to different pathways to retirement. The second objective is to elucidate the interplay of gender an…
The long-term consequences of parental divorce for children's educational attainment
In this paper we study the long-term consequences of parental divorce in a comparative perspective. Special attention is paid to the heterogeneity of the consequences of divorce for childrenâ s educational attainment by parental education
Volunteering over the Life Course
This paper examines how volunteering varies over the life course. Based on three theoretical explanations (resources, interests, and role substitution), we analyze how changing family characteristics, employment status, and educational attainment affects individual volunteering behavior. Drawing on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 1985–2009), we compare estimates from between-effects and fixed-effects models. In this …
Pushed, pulled, or blocked? The elderly and the labor market in post-Soviet Russia
Pushed out prematurely? Comparing objectively forced exits and subjective assessments of involuntary retirement across Europe
Adding Scars to Wrinkles? Long-run Effects of Late-Career Job Loss on Retirement Behavior and Personal Income
Despite a growing interest in the effects of job loss, research on its consequences for older workers and their economic situation in retirement remains scant. Using 30 years of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we examine the incidence and consequences of job loss at ages 50 to 64, following displaced workers for up to 10 years after displacement. We implement a difference-in-differences design and compare displaced workers with …
Does Living in a Fatherless Household Compromise Educational Success? A Comparative Study of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
This study addresses the relationship between various family forms and the level of cognitive and non-cognitive skills among 15- to 16-year-old students. We measure cognitive skills using standardized scores in mathematics; non-cognitive abilities are captured by a composite measure of internal locus of control related to mathematics. A particular focus lies on father absence although we also examine the role played by co-residence with siblings …
Preschool education as the great equalizer? A cross-country study into the sources of inequality in reading competence
In this study we examine the extent to which preschool education can reduce social background differentials in learning outcomes across countries; our focus is on whether the benefits of preschool attendance for children depend on other family inputs such as parents' education and their pedagogical involvement during early childhood. We use the 2011 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, which provides a standardized measure of reading…
Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation
This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use dat…
Ethnic inequality in retirement income: A comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe
Previous research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We …
Teaching older workers new tricks: Workplace practices and gender training differences in nine European countries
Despite its benefits for prolonging careers, participation in training is far lower among older employees (age 50+) than among younger employees. This study analyses gender differences in older employees’ training participation. To investigate the predictors of training intensity, we examine two forms of training: formal educational programmes and on-the-job training. The study draws on a novel data-set, the European Sustainable Workforce Survey,…
Educational expectations in the great recession: Has the Impact of Family Background Become Stronger
This article addresses the impact of economic climate, and particularly of the Great Recession, on the configuration of educational expectations among students around 14 years old. We analyze expectations regarding educational attainment conditional on school performance and compare our results across countries with varying levels of economic growth over time. We expect a changing economic environment to impact on (a) the average level of educati…
Pension Policy Literacy and Retirement Expectations: A Cross-Country Survey Experiment
People's retirement expectations are sensitive to information on future changes in pension generosity but not to information on population aging. The results suggest information campaigns focused on declining pension replacement rates may help extend working lives
The Difference Between Saying and Doing: Comparing Subjective and Objective Measures of Effort Among Fifth Graders
The first goal of this study is to examine the capacity of prominent survey-based effort proxies to predict real effort provision in children. Do children who "talk the talk" of hard work also "walk the walk" and make costly effort investments? The second goal is to assess how objective and subjective effort measures are related under two conditions: intrinsic (nonincentivized) motivation and extrinsic (incentivized) motivation. We measure object…
Conceptual and Methodological Considerations on Effort: An Interdisciplinary Approach
This introduction to the special issue "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Effort" highlights the relevance of effort as a research object and pinpoints the potential of various approaches to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on this multifaceted phenomenon. Addressing three dimensions of research-on the measurement, determinants, and consequences of effort-the article also gives an overview of the collection of articles in the special is…
Which Integration Policies Work? The Heterogeneous Impact of National Institutions on Immigrants’ Labor Market Attainment in Europe
Can specific policies support the economic integration of immigrants? Despite the crucial importance of this question, existing evidence is inconclusive. Using data from the European Social Survey, we estimate the effects of integration and anti-discrimination policies, alongside social expenditure and labor market regulation, on the labor market performance of 6,176 non-European immigrants across 23 European countries. We make three contribution…
Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from a Cross-National Harmonized Field Experiment
Gender discrimination is often regarded as an important driver of women's disadvantage in the labour market, yet earlier studies show mixed results. However, because different studies employ different research designs, the estimates of discrimination cannot be compared across countries. By utilizing data from the first harmonized comparative field experiment on gender discrimination in hiring in six countries, we can directly compare employers' c…
Priming or learning? The influence of pension policy information on individual preferences in Germany, Spain and the United States
A promising approach to pension policy preferences focuses on the influence of policy related information. We advance this research programme by examining the impact of information about future pension benefits, including whether information effects occur through priming, learning or both. Drawing on a novel, split-sample survey experiment in the US, Germany and Spain, we examine the impact of information on forecasted pension replacement rates f…
Parenting Practices and Children’s Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study
We examine the association between parenting practices (discipline and support) and children’s cognitive effort. Cognitive effort is hard to measure; hence, little is known about effort dispositions, and how parenting practices affect effort. We analyse data from 1,148 fifth-grade students from Berlin and Madrid (around 11 years of age). Cognitive effort is measured with tests of executive function, carried out under two reward schemes: an unince…
Por qué las mujeres en España se jubilan más tarde que los hombres
La relación entre género y jubilación en España es paradójica. La tasade empleo femenino entre los 55 y 64 años es apenas más de la mitadque la de los varones, mientras que la edad media de jubilación esmucho más alta entre las mujeres. Este estudio usa el análisis de lahistoria de acontecimientos para determinar si esa sorprendentediferencia de género se debe a efectos composicionales o de selección.Los datos proceden de un módulo especial de la…
Month of Birth and Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study of the Relative Age Effect among Fifth Graders
All around the world, school-entry cohorts are organized on an annual calendar so that the age of students in the same cohort differs by up to one year. It is a well-established finding that this age gap entails a consequential (dis)advantage for academic performance referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This study contributes to a recent strand of research that has turned to investigate the RAE on non-academic outcomes such as personalit…
Economics (17 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Retirement, Disability, and Employment (10 works) · Labour economics (9 works) · Economic growth (8 works) · Cognition (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works)