Brent Mallinckrodt
Biographic Data
| ID | 761665 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Brent Mallinckrodt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Brent |
| FAMILY NAME | Mallinckrodt |
| SIGNATURE | MALLINCKRODT B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5070-8785 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 200 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Reconsidering Focus Groups and Rasch Model Item Response Theory in Instrument Development
In this rejoinder, we focus on five important themes derived from the valuable comments of Harvey; Wang, Hogge, and Sahai; and Whittaker and Worthington. Specifically, we reflect on (a) methodological and conceptual issues associated with the use of focus groups in developing an initial item pool, (b) the debate about the use of Rasch versus other item response theory (IRT) models, (c) response scale functioning and the use of item parcels, (d) b…
Using Focus Groups and Rasch Item Response Theory to Improve Instrument Development
Item response theory (IRT) is not widely used in counseling psychology research, despite its considerable advantages for instrument development. Focus groups help create a broad and representative item pool that is more likely to tap the full range of the latent dimension, thereby capitalizing on IRT strengths. We provide suggestions for using these tools, with an empirical example, the Everyday Multicultural Competencies/Revised Scale of Ethnocu…
Effects of International Student Counselors' Broaching Statements About Cultural and Language Differences on Participants' Perceptions of the Counselors
Undergraduates (N = 135) evaluated 1 of 4 simulated 1st counseling sessions. Two international counselors (Canadian and Korean) alternated between making or not making broaching statements about their language and cultural differences. Significant main effects for counselor nationality and interaction effects between counselor nationality and broaching were found. Participants perceived the Canadian counselor more positively and the Korean counse…
Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo as Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychological Distress, and Relationship Satisfaction in Hispanic Veterans
An online survey was used to examine 45 Hispanic male veterans' traditional machismo and caballerismo as correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. Higher traditional machismo was associated with higher PTSD severity and distress and lower relationship satisfaction. Psychometric properties of the Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo Scale were explored.Se utilizó una encuesta en lín…
Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress
Ethnic minority students’ perceptions of racism may be associated with a host of secondary emotional, interpersonal, and academic difficulties that can nevertheless be the chief reason these students seek treatment at a counseling center. This study examined archival data from the Presenting Problems Checklist completed by 1555 African American clients seen at the counseling centers of 7 predominantly White Midwestern universities. Findings of or…
Addressing the Decline in Counseling and Supervision Process and Outcome Research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology
Scheel et al. have argued convincingly that there has been a decline in counseling-related research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology ( JCP) and The Counseling Psychologist ( TCP). This response focuses on the relatively steady 35-year decline in this type of research published in JCP. The author conducted a new analysis based on the frequency of PsycINFO thesaurus terms used to index 2,330 articles published in JCP over successive 5-year p…
Minority stress, perceived bicultural competence, and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college students.
Based on biculturalism theory (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993), the present study examined the direct effect of perceived bicultural competence (PBC) on depressive symptoms, and PBC as a potential coping resource to moderate the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 167 Asian American, African American, and Latino/a American students at a predominantly White Midwest university. Results from a hierarc…
The psychotherapy relationship as attachment: Evidence and implications
Research suggests that psychotherapy relationships formed by adult clients can exhibit all the essential elements of attachment bonds identified by Mikulincer and Shaver. Specifically, some clients: (i) regard their therapist as stronger and wiser; (ii) seek proximity through emotional connection and regular meetings; (iii) rely upon their therapist as a safe haven when they feel threatened; (iv) derive a sense of felt security from their therapi…
Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: A minority stress model for Asian international students
This study examined 3 coping strategies (reflective, suppressive, and reactive), along with self-esteem, as moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. International students (N = 354) from China, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong provided data via an online survey. The role of perceived general stress was statistically controlled. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant direct effect of…
The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure
We developed a 12-item, short form of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998 Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L. and Shaver, P. R. 1998. “Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview”. In Attachment theory and close relationships, Edited by: Simpson, J. A. and Rholes, W. S. 46–76. New York: Guilford. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) across 6 studies. In Study 1, we examined the reliability …
Introduction to the special section on racial and ethnic identity in counseling psychology: Conceptual and methodological challenges and proposed solutions
Racial and ethnic identity development have been important topics in counseling psychology research for the last four decades. At present, however, there appears to be some confusion and debate regarding the quality of theory and measurement in the topical area. The present article serves as an introduction to this Journal of Counseling Psychology special section on “Racial and Ethnic Identity in Counseling Psychology: Conceptual and Methodologic…
Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects.
P. A. Frazier, A. P. Tix, and K. E. Barron (2004) highlighted a normal theory method popularized by R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) for testing the statistical significance of indirect effects (i.e., mediator variables) in multiple regression contexts. However, simulation studies suggest that this method lacks statistical power relative to some other approaches. The authors describe an alternative developed by P. E. Shrout and N. Bolger (2002)…
Acculturation, attachment, and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese/Taiwanese international students.
On the basis of a process model of acculturation (Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987) and the concept of secure base for interpersonal exploration in adult attachment (Bowlby, 1988), this study hypothesized that sociocultural adjustment difficulties and psychological distress of Chinese international students (N = 104) living in the United States would be positively associated with attachment avoidance and anxiety and negatively associated with both …
Asian and Pacific Island American students' acculturation and etiology beliefs about typical counseling presenting problems
Asian American Pacific Island college students (N = 93) completed measures of acculturation and mental health worldview, in the form of beliefs about the likely causes of 24 typical counseling presenting problems. A criterion sample of 27 staff from 2 university counseling centers reported their beliefs about the most likely cause of the same 24 problems for a typical client. A response similarity index was calculated, with higher scores reflecti…
Anger Expression Toward Parents and Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduates in Taiwan
This study surveyed 559 Taiwanese undergraduates regarding anger expression toward parents and depressive symptoms. Five modes of anger expression were explored. All modes of expression were either neutral or positively associated with depressive symptoms. This result is contrary to studies of Western culture suggesting that some modes of anger expression may be beneficial. However, a significant buffering interaction effect was detected for wome…
Cultural Commitment and the Counseling Preferences and Counselor Perceptions of Native American Women
Native American women (N = 218) living on a reservation were surveyed to assess their preferences for counselor sex, ethnicity, cultural awareness, counseling style, and commitment to Native American and Anglo-American cultures. Women generally preferred a counselor with the following attributes: female, ethnically similar, culturally sensitive, and used a nondirective counseling style. All these preferences, except for counseling style, were gen…
Causal Attributions for Problematic Family Interactions: A Qualitative, Cultural Comparison of Western Samoa, American Samoa, and the United States
A mixed quantitative and qualitative research design compared 23 U.S. college students to 25 students from Western Samoa and 25 from American Samoa, with regard to differences in cultural beliefs and attributions. Survey responses suggested that Samoan students endorsed significantly more vertical, collective and vertical, individualistic cultural attitudes than U.S. students. Qualitative analysis of narrative responses to four vignettes depictin…
Discovering Research Training Environments that Fit the Students We Select: The Challenge of Providing for Diverse Needs
Research Training Environment, Attitudes toward Research, and Research Self-Efficacy: The Revised Research Training Environment Scale
This study sought to enhance the reliability of the Research Training Environment Scale (RTES) at the subscale level and to determine the relationship of the research training environment to several variables theorized to be either related or unrelated to that environment. One hundred seventy-three graduate students from 6 doctoral programs in counseling, clinical, and school psychology responded to the measures. Internal consistency and retest r…
Emotional Self-Awareness, Eating Disorders, and Racial Identity Attitudes in African American Women
Certain racial identity attitudes may involve diminished internal emotional awareness, features of a syndrome known as "alexithymia," which has been observed in survivors of extreme trauma. This study found that levels of alexithymia, but not eating disorders, were related to attitudes characteristic of early stages of racial identity development among African American women
Attachment Theory and Counseling Psychology: Ready to be a Prime Time Player
Emotional, Social, and Academic Adjustment of College Students: A Longitudinal Study of Retention
Prior to initial enrollment, undergraduates completed surveys assessing expectations about their college adjustment, and later completed a second survey assessing actual adjustment. Six years later inspection of academic transcripts revealed which students had dropped out and whether they had been in good academic standing or poor academic standing. Results indicated that two different sets of items best discriminated among good‐standing students…
Cross‐Cultural Variations in Stress and Adjustment Among Asian and Caucasian Graduate Students
The Environment and the Student in Counseling Psychology: Does the Research Training Environment Influence Graduate Students' Attitudes Toward Research
This study attempted to answer several questions about the research attitudes (interest in doing research and the personal value of research) of graduate students in counseling psychology, the research training environments in graduate programs, and the impact of programs and environments on students' attitudes. Participants were 358 students from 10 APA-accredited programs who responded to a survey on research attitudes and research training env…
Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: A minority stress model for Asian international students
This study examined 3 coping strategies (reflective, suppressive, and reactive), along with self-esteem, as moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. International students (N = 354) from China, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong provided data via an online survey. The role of perceived general stress was statistically controlled. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant direct effect of…
Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress
Ethnic minority students’ perceptions of racism may be associated with a host of secondary emotional, interpersonal, and academic difficulties that can nevertheless be the chief reason these students seek treatment at a counseling center. This study examined archival data from the Presenting Problems Checklist completed by 1555 African American clients seen at the counseling centers of 7 predominantly White Midwestern universities. Findings of or…
The Environment and the Student in Counseling Psychology: Does the Research Training Environment Influence Graduate Students' Attitudes Toward Research
This study attempted to answer several questions about the research attitudes (interest in doing research and the personal value of research) of graduate students in counseling psychology, the research training environments in graduate programs, and the impact of programs and environments on students' attitudes. Participants were 358 students from 10 APA-accredited programs who responded to a survey on research attitudes and research training env…
Introduction to the special section on racial and ethnic identity in counseling psychology: Conceptual and methodological challenges and proposed solutions
Racial and ethnic identity development have been important topics in counseling psychology research for the last four decades. At present, however, there appears to be some confusion and debate regarding the quality of theory and measurement in the topical area. The present article serves as an introduction to this Journal of Counseling Psychology special section on “Racial and Ethnic Identity in Counseling Psychology: Conceptual and Methodologic…
Causal Attributions for Problematic Family Interactions: A Qualitative, Cultural Comparison of Western Samoa, American Samoa, and the United States
A mixed quantitative and qualitative research design compared 23 U.S. college students to 25 students from Western Samoa and 25 from American Samoa, with regard to differences in cultural beliefs and attributions. Survey responses suggested that Samoan students endorsed significantly more vertical, collective and vertical, individualistic cultural attitudes than U.S. students. Qualitative analysis of narrative responses to four vignettes depictin…
Research Training Environment, Attitudes toward Research, and Research Self-Efficacy: The Revised Research Training Environment Scale
This study sought to enhance the reliability of the Research Training Environment Scale (RTES) at the subscale level and to determine the relationship of the research training environment to several variables theorized to be either related or unrelated to that environment. One hundred seventy-three graduate students from 6 doctoral programs in counseling, clinical, and school psychology responded to the measures. Internal consistency and retest r…
The psychotherapy relationship as attachment: Evidence and implications
Research suggests that psychotherapy relationships formed by adult clients can exhibit all the essential elements of attachment bonds identified by Mikulincer and Shaver. Specifically, some clients: (i) regard their therapist as stronger and wiser; (ii) seek proximity through emotional connection and regular meetings; (iii) rely upon their therapist as a safe haven when they feel threatened; (iv) derive a sense of felt security from their therapi…
Using Focus Groups and Rasch Item Response Theory to Improve Instrument Development
Item response theory (IRT) is not widely used in counseling psychology research, despite its considerable advantages for instrument development. Focus groups help create a broad and representative item pool that is more likely to tap the full range of the latent dimension, thereby capitalizing on IRT strengths. We provide suggestions for using these tools, with an empirical example, the Everyday Multicultural Competencies/Revised Scale of Ethnocu…
Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo as Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychological Distress, and Relationship Satisfaction in Hispanic Veterans
An online survey was used to examine 45 Hispanic male veterans' traditional machismo and caballerismo as correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. Higher traditional machismo was associated with higher PTSD severity and distress and lower relationship satisfaction. Psychometric properties of the Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo Scale were explored.Se utilizó una encuesta en lín…
Effects of International Student Counselors' Broaching Statements About Cultural and Language Differences on Participants' Perceptions of the Counselors
Undergraduates (N = 135) evaluated 1 of 4 simulated 1st counseling sessions. Two international counselors (Canadian and Korean) alternated between making or not making broaching statements about their language and cultural differences. Significant main effects for counselor nationality and interaction effects between counselor nationality and broaching were found. Participants perceived the Canadian counselor more positively and the Korean counse…
Cross‐Cultural Variations in Stress and Adjustment Among Asian and Caucasian Graduate Students
Cultural Commitment and the Counseling Preferences and Counselor Perceptions of Native American Women
Native American women (N = 218) living on a reservation were surveyed to assess their preferences for counselor sex, ethnicity, cultural awareness, counseling style, and commitment to Native American and Anglo-American cultures. Women generally preferred a counselor with the following attributes: female, ethnically similar, culturally sensitive, and used a nondirective counseling style. All these preferences, except for counseling style, were gen…
Emotional Self-Awareness, Eating Disorders, and Racial Identity Attitudes in African American Women
Certain racial identity attitudes may involve diminished internal emotional awareness, features of a syndrome known as "alexithymia," which has been observed in survivors of extreme trauma. This study found that levels of alexithymia, but not eating disorders, were related to attitudes characteristic of early stages of racial identity development among African American women
Asian and Pacific Island American students' acculturation and etiology beliefs about typical counseling presenting problems
Asian American Pacific Island college students (N = 93) completed measures of acculturation and mental health worldview, in the form of beliefs about the likely causes of 24 typical counseling presenting problems. A criterion sample of 27 staff from 2 university counseling centers reported their beliefs about the most likely cause of the same 24 problems for a typical client. A response similarity index was calculated, with higher scores reflecti…
Discovering Research Training Environments that Fit the Students We Select: The Challenge of Providing for Diverse Needs
Reconsidering Focus Groups and Rasch Model Item Response Theory in Instrument Development
In this rejoinder, we focus on five important themes derived from the valuable comments of Harvey; Wang, Hogge, and Sahai; and Whittaker and Worthington. Specifically, we reflect on (a) methodological and conceptual issues associated with the use of focus groups in developing an initial item pool, (b) the debate about the use of Rasch versus other item response theory (IRT) models, (c) response scale functioning and the use of item parcels, (d) b…
Addressing the Decline in Counseling and Supervision Process and Outcome Research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology
Scheel et al. have argued convincingly that there has been a decline in counseling-related research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology ( JCP) and The Counseling Psychologist ( TCP). This response focuses on the relatively steady 35-year decline in this type of research published in JCP. The author conducted a new analysis based on the frequency of PsycINFO thesaurus terms used to index 2,330 articles published in JCP over successive 5-year p…
Anger Expression Toward Parents and Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduates in Taiwan
This study surveyed 559 Taiwanese undergraduates regarding anger expression toward parents and depressive symptoms. Five modes of anger expression were explored. All modes of expression were either neutral or positively associated with depressive symptoms. This result is contrary to studies of Western culture suggesting that some modes of anger expression may be beneficial. However, a significant buffering interaction effect was detected for wome…
The Environment and the Student in Counseling Psychology: Does the Research Training Environment Influence Graduate Students' Attitudes Toward Research
This study attempted to answer several questions about the research attitudes (interest in doing research and the personal value of research) of graduate students in counseling psychology, the research training environments in graduate programs, and the impact of programs and environments on students' attitudes. Participants were 358 students from 10 APA-accredited programs who responded to a survey on research attitudes and research training env…
Cross‐Cultural Variations in Stress and Adjustment Among Asian and Caucasian Graduate Students
Emotional, Social, and Academic Adjustment of College Students: A Longitudinal Study of Retention
Prior to initial enrollment, undergraduates completed surveys assessing expectations about their college adjustment, and later completed a second survey assessing actual adjustment. Six years later inspection of academic transcripts revealed which students had dropped out and whether they had been in good academic standing or poor academic standing. Results indicated that two different sets of items best discriminated among good‐standing students…
Attachment Theory and Counseling Psychology: Ready to be a Prime Time Player
Research Training Environment, Attitudes toward Research, and Research Self-Efficacy: The Revised Research Training Environment Scale
This study sought to enhance the reliability of the Research Training Environment Scale (RTES) at the subscale level and to determine the relationship of the research training environment to several variables theorized to be either related or unrelated to that environment. One hundred seventy-three graduate students from 6 doctoral programs in counseling, clinical, and school psychology responded to the measures. Internal consistency and retest r…
Emotional Self-Awareness, Eating Disorders, and Racial Identity Attitudes in African American Women
Certain racial identity attitudes may involve diminished internal emotional awareness, features of a syndrome known as "alexithymia," which has been observed in survivors of extreme trauma. This study found that levels of alexithymia, but not eating disorders, were related to attitudes characteristic of early stages of racial identity development among African American women
Discovering Research Training Environments that Fit the Students We Select: The Challenge of Providing for Diverse Needs
Causal Attributions for Problematic Family Interactions: A Qualitative, Cultural Comparison of Western Samoa, American Samoa, and the United States
A mixed quantitative and qualitative research design compared 23 U.S. college students to 25 students from Western Samoa and 25 from American Samoa, with regard to differences in cultural beliefs and attributions. Survey responses suggested that Samoan students endorsed significantly more vertical, collective and vertical, individualistic cultural attitudes than U.S. students. Qualitative analysis of narrative responses to four vignettes depictin…
Cultural Commitment and the Counseling Preferences and Counselor Perceptions of Native American Women
Native American women (N = 218) living on a reservation were surveyed to assess their preferences for counselor sex, ethnicity, cultural awareness, counseling style, and commitment to Native American and Anglo-American cultures. Women generally preferred a counselor with the following attributes: female, ethnically similar, culturally sensitive, and used a nondirective counseling style. All these preferences, except for counseling style, were gen…
Anger Expression Toward Parents and Depressive Symptoms Among Undergraduates in Taiwan
This study surveyed 559 Taiwanese undergraduates regarding anger expression toward parents and depressive symptoms. Five modes of anger expression were explored. All modes of expression were either neutral or positively associated with depressive symptoms. This result is contrary to studies of Western culture suggesting that some modes of anger expression may be beneficial. However, a significant buffering interaction effect was detected for wome…
Asian and Pacific Island American students' acculturation and etiology beliefs about typical counseling presenting problems
Asian American Pacific Island college students (N = 93) completed measures of acculturation and mental health worldview, in the form of beliefs about the likely causes of 24 typical counseling presenting problems. A criterion sample of 27 staff from 2 university counseling centers reported their beliefs about the most likely cause of the same 24 problems for a typical client. A response similarity index was calculated, with higher scores reflecti…
Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects.
P. A. Frazier, A. P. Tix, and K. E. Barron (2004) highlighted a normal theory method popularized by R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) for testing the statistical significance of indirect effects (i.e., mediator variables) in multiple regression contexts. However, simulation studies suggest that this method lacks statistical power relative to some other approaches. The authors describe an alternative developed by P. E. Shrout and N. Bolger (2002)…
Acculturation, attachment, and psychosocial adjustment of Chinese/Taiwanese international students.
On the basis of a process model of acculturation (Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987) and the concept of secure base for interpersonal exploration in adult attachment (Bowlby, 1988), this study hypothesized that sociocultural adjustment difficulties and psychological distress of Chinese international students (N = 104) living in the United States would be positively associated with attachment avoidance and anxiety and negatively associated with both …
The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure
We developed a 12-item, short form of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998 Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L. and Shaver, P. R. 1998. “Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview”. In Attachment theory and close relationships, Edited by: Simpson, J. A. and Rholes, W. S. 46–76. New York: Guilford. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) across 6 studies. In Study 1, we examined the reliability …
Introduction to the special section on racial and ethnic identity in counseling psychology: Conceptual and methodological challenges and proposed solutions
Racial and ethnic identity development have been important topics in counseling psychology research for the last four decades. At present, however, there appears to be some confusion and debate regarding the quality of theory and measurement in the topical area. The present article serves as an introduction to this Journal of Counseling Psychology special section on “Racial and Ethnic Identity in Counseling Psychology: Conceptual and Methodologic…
Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: A minority stress model for Asian international students
This study examined 3 coping strategies (reflective, suppressive, and reactive), along with self-esteem, as moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. International students (N = 354) from China, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong provided data via an online survey. The role of perceived general stress was statistically controlled. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant direct effect of…
Minority stress, perceived bicultural competence, and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college students.
Based on biculturalism theory (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993), the present study examined the direct effect of perceived bicultural competence (PBC) on depressive symptoms, and PBC as a potential coping resource to moderate the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 167 Asian American, African American, and Latino/a American students at a predominantly White Midwest university. Results from a hierarc…
The psychotherapy relationship as attachment: Evidence and implications
Research suggests that psychotherapy relationships formed by adult clients can exhibit all the essential elements of attachment bonds identified by Mikulincer and Shaver. Specifically, some clients: (i) regard their therapist as stronger and wiser; (ii) seek proximity through emotional connection and regular meetings; (iii) rely upon their therapist as a safe haven when they feel threatened; (iv) derive a sense of felt security from their therapi…
Addressing the Decline in Counseling and Supervision Process and Outcome Research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology
Scheel et al. have argued convincingly that there has been a decline in counseling-related research in the Journal of Counseling Psychology ( JCP) and The Counseling Psychologist ( TCP). This response focuses on the relatively steady 35-year decline in this type of research published in JCP. The author conducted a new analysis based on the frequency of PsycINFO thesaurus terms used to index 2,330 articles published in JCP over successive 5-year p…
Co-occurring presenting problems in African American college clients reporting racial discrimination distress
Ethnic minority students’ perceptions of racism may be associated with a host of secondary emotional, interpersonal, and academic difficulties that can nevertheless be the chief reason these students seek treatment at a counseling center. This study examined archival data from the Presenting Problems Checklist completed by 1555 African American clients seen at the counseling centers of 7 predominantly White Midwestern universities. Findings of or…
Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo as Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychological Distress, and Relationship Satisfaction in Hispanic Veterans
An online survey was used to examine 45 Hispanic male veterans' traditional machismo and caballerismo as correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, and relationship satisfaction. Higher traditional machismo was associated with higher PTSD severity and distress and lower relationship satisfaction. Psychometric properties of the Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo Scale were explored.Se utilizó una encuesta en lín…
Using Focus Groups and Rasch Item Response Theory to Improve Instrument Development
Item response theory (IRT) is not widely used in counseling psychology research, despite its considerable advantages for instrument development. Focus groups help create a broad and representative item pool that is more likely to tap the full range of the latent dimension, thereby capitalizing on IRT strengths. We provide suggestions for using these tools, with an empirical example, the Everyday Multicultural Competencies/Revised Scale of Ethnocu…
Effects of International Student Counselors' Broaching Statements About Cultural and Language Differences on Participants' Perceptions of the Counselors
Undergraduates (N = 135) evaluated 1 of 4 simulated 1st counseling sessions. Two international counselors (Canadian and Korean) alternated between making or not making broaching statements about their language and cultural differences. Significant main effects for counselor nationality and interaction effects between counselor nationality and broaching were found. Participants perceived the Canadian counselor more positively and the Korean counse…
Reconsidering Focus Groups and Rasch Model Item Response Theory in Instrument Development
In this rejoinder, we focus on five important themes derived from the valuable comments of Harvey; Wang, Hogge, and Sahai; and Whittaker and Worthington. Specifically, we reflect on (a) methodological and conceptual issues associated with the use of focus groups in developing an initial item pool, (b) the debate about the use of Rasch versus other item response theory (IRT) models, (c) response scale functioning and the use of item parcels, (d) b…
Psychology (24 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works) · Applied Psychology (7 works) · Counseling Practices and Supervision (7 works) · Pedagogy (7 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (7 works)