R Breiger
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 7694 |
|---|---|
| NOME | R Breiger |
| PRENOMES | R |
| SOBRENOME | Breiger |
| ASSINATURA | BREIGER R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0575-9211 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 678 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Turning Hazard Models Inside Out
Regression Inside Out (RIO) describes a set of related methods based on a decomposition of regression coefficients by individual cases. In this article, we offer three important extensions of RIO: 1) we generalize RIO to any model for which linear predictors are estimated; 2) we introduce an adapted bootstrap approach for determining whether case-level contributions differ from the baseline average contribution for cases; and 3) we describe how R…
Duality
Culture as configurations of categories
Regression Inside Out
Linear regression analysis, with its many generalizations, is the predominant quantitative method used throughout the social sciences and beyond. The goal of the method is to study relations among variables. In this book, Schoon, Melamed and Breiger turn regression modeling inside out to put the emphasis on the cases (people, organizations, and nations) that comprise the variables. By re-analyzing influential published research, they reveal new i…
Sampling variability and centrality score comparisons in archaeological network analysis
A concluding comment
In appreciation of John Mohr
Finding globally optimal macrostructure in multiple relation, mixed-mode social networks
From the outset, computational sociologists have stressed leveraging multiple relations when blockmodeling social networks. Despite this emphasis, the majority of published research over the past 40 years has focused on solving blockmodels for a single relation. When multiple relations exist, a reductionist approach is often employed, where the relations are stacked or aggregated into a single matrix, allowing the researcher to apply single relat…
Socio-semantic and other dualities
Extreme and Inconsistent
A methodological paradox characterizes macro-comparative research: it routinely violates the assumptions underlying its dominant method, multiple regression analysis. Comparative researchers have substantive interest in cases, but cases are largely rendered invisible in regression analysis. Researchers seldom recognize the mismatch between the goals of macro-comparative research and the demands of regression methods, and sometimes they end up eng…
Capturing distinctions while mining text data
Insurgencies as Networks of Event Orderings
Progress in theorizing networks and events requires formulating a greater diversity of networks and, in particular, enabling network analysis to exploit relations between events and the attributes, actions, and variables that characterize them. We advance this line of inquiry in dialogue with a recent approach to the systematic study of violent conflicts among state actors and groups of people who refuse to accept their governments' power. One pr…
Markets as Governance Environments for Organizations at the Edge of Illegality
In the past two decades, researchers have examined the practices of online forums operating markets for the sale of stolen credit card data. Participants cannot rely on traditional legal system regulations in the event of disputes between buyers and sellers. Thus, this analysis focuses on two forms of monitoring within these forums: one based on an emergent social network of transactions among community members (second-party monitoring) and the o…
Exploratory blockmodeling for one-mode, unsigned, deterministic networks using integer programming and structural equivalence
Culture and Networks
Ontologies, methodologies, and new uses of Big Data in the social and cultural sciences
In our Introduction to the Conceiving the Social with Big Data Special Issue of Big Data & Society, we survey the 18 contributions from scholars in the humanities and social sciences, and highlight several questions and themes that emerge within and across them. These emergent issues reflect the challenges, problems, and promises of working with Big Data to access and assess the social. They include puzzles about the locus and nature of human lif…
Toward a computational hermeneutics
We describe some of the ways that the field of content analysis is being transformed in an Era of Big Data. We argue that content analysis, from its beginning, has been concerned with extracting the main meanings of a text and mapping those meanings onto the space of a textual corpus. In contrast, we suggest that the emergence of new styles of text mining tools is creating an opportunity to develop a different kind of content analysis that we des…
Scaling down
While "scaling up" is a lively topic in network science and Big Data analysis today, my purpose in this essay is to articulate an alternative problem, that of "scaling down," which I believe will also require increased attention in coming years. "Scaling down" is the problem of how macro-level features of Big Data affect, shape, and evoke lower-level features and processes. I identify four aspects of this problem: the extent to which findings fro…
Comparative configurational analysis as a two-mode network problem
Simultaneous-direct blockmodeling for multiple relations in Pajek
The Dynamics of Social Networks in the Late Prehispanic US Southwest
This chapter conducts social network analysis on two case studies from the late prehispanic US Southwest. It takes a diachronic perspective in order to look at network dynamics over a 200-year period (ad 1200 to 1400). The case studies chosen are areas where, through independent data, extensive migration has been demonstrated and is widely accepted. The analyses pertain to three specific topics of archaeological interest: (1) first-comer advantag…
Transformation of social networks in the late pre-Hispanic US Southwest
The late pre-Hispanic period in the US Southwest (A.D. 1200–1450) was characterized by large-scale demographic changes, including long-distance migration and population aggregation. To reconstruct how these processes reshaped social networks, we compiled a comprehensive artifact database from major sites dating to this interval in the western Southwest. We combine social network analysis with geographic information systems approaches to reconstru…
Graphing the grammar of motives in National Security Strategies
The Duality of Clusters and Statistical Interactions
We contend that clusters of cases co-constitute statistical interactions among variables. Interactions among variables imply clusters of cases within which statistical effects differ. Regression coefficients may be productively viewed as sums across clusters of cases, and in this sense regression coefficients may be said to be 'composed' of clusters of cases. We explicate a four-step procedure that discovers interaction effects based on clusters …
The Duality of Persons and Groups
A metaphor of classical social theory concerning the “intersection” of persons within groups and of groups within the individual is translated into a set of techniques to aid in empirical analysis of the interpenetration of networks of interpersonal ties and networks of intergroup ties. These techniques are useful in the study of director interlocks, clique structures, organizations within community and national power structures, and other collec…
Cultural Holes
A burgeoning literature spanning sociologies of culture and social network methods has for the past several decades sought to explicate the relationships between culture and connectivity. A number of promising recent moves toward integration are worthy of review, comparison, critique, and synthesis. Network thinking provides powerful techniques for specifying cultural concepts ranging from narrative networks to classification systems, tastes, and…
Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions
Networks of several distinct types of social tie are aggregated by a dual model that partitions a population while simultaneously identifying patterns of relations. Concepts and algorithms are demonstrated in five case studies involving up to 100 persons and up to eight types of tie, over as many as 15 time periods. In each case the model identifies a concrete social structure. Role and position concepts are then identified and interpreted in ter…
A tool kit for practice theory
Graphing the grammar of motives in National Security Strategies
The Social Class Structure of Occupational Mobility
This paper provides an analytical framework within which hypotheses of class structure are brought to bear directly in the formulation of models for the occupational mobility table. The proper aggregation of rows and columns is portrayed as the fundamental theoretical issue in mobility table analysis, rather than as an exogenous "given" to be decided upon prior to the construction of explicit models. Homogeneity of mobility within and between cla…
The Joint Role Structure of Two Communities' Elites
Blockmodel analysis offers a perspective for developing operational theories of role interlock across multiple networks. We identify precisely those features of role interlock that are shared by the elites of two small cities. This joint role structure is then interpreted with the aid of an algebraic model that we formulate on the basis of Granovetter's (1973) 'strength of weak ties' argument. Our discussion illustrates the operationalization of …
Social Structure and the Phenomenology of Attainment
Reviews of recent research on the transmission of socioeconomic advantage have decried the increasing 'narrowness' of the field. This chapter focuses on an alternative proposition, namely, that there is now a large enough body of work seeking fundamentally to reorient the field of social attainment studies that it is useful to identify commonalities as well as distinctive features. Conceptualization and operationalization of 'social structure' in…
Occupation, Class, and Social Networks in Urban China
China's class structure is changing dramatically in the wake of post-1978 market-oriented economic reforms. The creation of a mixed “market-socialist” economy has eroded the institutional bases of a cadre-dominated social hierarchy and created conditions for a new pattern of social stratification. Although conditions remain dynamic, results of a 1998 urban survey that measured strength and diversity of social ties among 400 households in four of …
The strength of weak culture
Toward a computational hermeneutics
We describe some of the ways that the field of content analysis is being transformed in an Era of Big Data. We argue that content analysis, from its beginning, has been concerned with extracting the main meanings of a text and mapping those meanings onto the space of a textual corpus. In contrast, we suggest that the emergence of new styles of text mining tools is creating an opportunity to develop a different kind of content analysis that we des…
Capturing distinctions while mining text data
Ontologies, methodologies, and new uses of Big Data in the social and cultural sciences
In our Introduction to the Conceiving the Social with Big Data Special Issue of Big Data & Society, we survey the 18 contributions from scholars in the humanities and social sciences, and highlight several questions and themes that emerge within and across them. These emergent issues reflect the challenges, problems, and promises of working with Big Data to access and assess the social. They include puzzles about the locus and nature of human lif…
Pattern across networks
Socio-semantic and other dualities
Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis
Personae and Social Roles
This paper addresses the tension between the existence of generalized types of group members (Bales, 1970; Bales et al., forthcoming) and specific interactions among concrete individuals in small groups. Following a suggestion of Mills (1971), we ask how these abstracted types interlock in an observable group. A blockmodel structure defined on multiple network data yields that are coherent along two of Bales' analytical dimensions. The network pa…
The Duality of Clusters and Statistical Interactions
We contend that clusters of cases co-constitute statistical interactions among variables. Interactions among variables imply clusters of cases within which statistical effects differ. Regression coefficients may be productively viewed as sums across clusters of cases, and in this sense regression coefficients may be said to be 'composed' of clusters of cases. We explicate a four-step procedure that discovers interaction effects based on clusters …
Socioeconomic Achievement and Social Structure
Reviews of recent research on the transmission of socioeconomic advantage have decried the increasing “narrowness” of the field. This chapter focuses on an alternative proposition, namely, that there is now a large enough body of work seeking fundamentally to reorient the field of social attainment studies that it is useful to identify commonalities as well as distinctive features. Conceptualization and operationalization of “social structure” in…
Markets as Governance Environments for Organizations at the Edge of Illegality
In the past two decades, researchers have examined the practices of online forums operating markets for the sale of stolen credit card data. Participants cannot rely on traditional legal system regulations in the event of disputes between buyers and sellers. Thus, this analysis focuses on two forms of monitoring within these forums: one based on an emergent social network of transactions among community members (second-party monitoring) and the o…
In appreciation of John Mohr
Extreme and Inconsistent
A methodological paradox characterizes macro-comparative research: it routinely violates the assumptions underlying its dominant method, multiple regression analysis. Comparative researchers have substantive interest in cases, but cases are largely rendered invisible in regression analysis. Researchers seldom recognize the mismatch between the goals of macro-comparative research and the demands of regression methods, and sometimes they end up eng…
Insurgencies as Networks of Event Orderings
Progress in theorizing networks and events requires formulating a greater diversity of networks and, in particular, enabling network analysis to exploit relations between events and the attributes, actions, and variables that characterize them. We advance this line of inquiry in dialogue with a recent approach to the systematic study of violent conflicts among state actors and groups of people who refuse to accept their governments' power. One pr…
Scaling down
While "scaling up" is a lively topic in network science and Big Data analysis today, my purpose in this essay is to articulate an alternative problem, that of "scaling down," which I believe will also require increased attention in coming years. "Scaling down" is the problem of how macro-level features of Big Data affect, shape, and evoke lower-level features and processes. I identify four aspects of this problem: the extent to which findings fro…
Finding globally optimal macrostructure in multiple relation, mixed-mode social networks
From the outset, computational sociologists have stressed leveraging multiple relations when blockmodeling social networks. Despite this emphasis, the majority of published research over the past 40 years has focused on solving blockmodels for a single relation. When multiple relations exist, a reductionist approach is often employed, where the relations are stacked or aggregated into a single matrix, allowing the researcher to apply single relat…
Culture and classification in markets
The Duality of Persons and Groups
Journal Article The Duality of Persons and Groups Get access Ronald L. Breiger Ronald L. Breiger Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 53, Issue 2, December 1974, Pages 181–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/53.2.181 Published: 01 December 1974
An algorithm for clustering relational data with applications to social network analysis and comparison with multidimensional scaling
Pattern across networks
Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions
Networks of several distinct types of social tie are aggregated by a dual model that partitions a population while simultaneously identifying patterns of relations. Concepts and algorithms are demonstrated in five case studies involving up to 100 persons and up to eight types of tie, over as many as 15 time periods. In each case the model identifies a concrete social structure. Role and position concepts are then identified and interpreted in ter…
The Joint Role Structure of Two Communities' Elites
Blockmodel analysis offers a perspective for developing operational theories of role interlock across multiple networks. We identify precisely those features of role interlock that are shared by the elites of two small cities. This joint role structure is then interpreted with the aid of an algebraic model that we formulate on the basis of Granovetter's (1973) 'strength of weak ties' argument. Our discussion illustrates the operationalization of …
Personae and Social Roles
This paper addresses the tension between the existence of generalized types of group members (Bales, 1970; Bales et al., forthcoming) and specific interactions among concrete individuals in small groups. Following a suggestion of Mills (1971), we ask how these abstracted types interlock in an observable group. A blockmodel structure defined on multiple network data yields that are coherent along two of Bales' analytical dimensions. The network pa…
The Social Class Structure of Occupational Mobility
This paper provides an analytical framework within which hypotheses of class structure are brought to bear directly in the formulation of models for the occupational mobility table. The proper aggregation of rows and columns is portrayed as the fundamental theoretical issue in mobility table analysis, rather than as an exogenous "given" to be decided upon prior to the construction of explicit models. Homogeneity of mobility within and between cla…
Modelling Society
Cumulated social roles
On Occupational Mobility and Social Class
Social Mobility and Social Structure
A compilation of original work by leading scholars who have all adopted structural approaches to mobility studies. It analyzes concrete social entities such as individuals, jobs, organizations and labour markets with reference to the structures of exchange among them
Social Mobility and Social Structure
Social Mobility and Social Structure
Socioeconomic Achievement and Social Structure
Reviews of recent research on the transmission of socioeconomic advantage have decried the increasing “narrowness” of the field. This chapter focuses on an alternative proposition, namely, that there is now a large enough body of work seeking fundamentally to reorient the field of social attainment studies that it is useful to identify commonalities as well as distinctive features. Conceptualization and operationalization of “social structure” in…
Social Structure and the Phenomenology of Attainment
Reviews of recent research on the transmission of socioeconomic advantage have decried the increasing 'narrowness' of the field. This chapter focuses on an alternative proposition, namely, that there is now a large enough body of work seeking fundamentally to reorient the field of social attainment studies that it is useful to identify commonalities as well as distinctive features. Conceptualization and operationalization of 'social structure' in…
A tool kit for practice theory
Lattices and dimensional representations
Honesty and Trust
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Introduction to special issue
Culture and classification in markets
Occupation, Class, and Social Networks in Urban China
China's class structure is changing dramatically in the wake of post-1978 market-oriented economic reforms. The creation of a mixed “market-socialist” economy has eroded the institutional bases of a cadre-dominated social hierarchy and created conditions for a new pattern of social stratification. Although conditions remain dynamic, results of a 1998 urban survey that measured strength and diversity of social ties among 400 households in four of …
Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis
The strength of weak culture
Cultural Holes
A burgeoning literature spanning sociologies of culture and social network methods has for the past several decades sought to explicate the relationships between culture and connectivity. A number of promising recent moves toward integration are worthy of review, comparison, critique, and synthesis. Network thinking provides powerful techniques for specifying cultural concepts ranging from narrative networks to classification systems, tastes, and…
The Dynamics of Social Networks in the Late Prehispanic US Southwest
This chapter conducts social network analysis on two case studies from the late prehispanic US Southwest. It takes a diachronic perspective in order to look at network dynamics over a 200-year period (ad 1200 to 1400). The case studies chosen are areas where, through independent data, extensive migration has been demonstrated and is widely accepted. The analyses pertain to three specific topics of archaeological interest: (1) first-comer advantag…
Sociology (34 obras) · Computer Science (29 obras) · Mathematics (21 obras) · Epistemology (19 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Social science (16 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (12 obras) · Social and Cultural Dynamics (11 obras) · Social network analysis (10 obras)