AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs
Biographic Data
| ID | 8305894 |
|---|---|
| NAME | AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs |
| GIVEN NAMES | AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial |
| FAMILY NAME | Affairs |
| SIGNATURE | AFFAIRS A C O E A J |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 63 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 63 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Clinical Research
Opinion 2.07 – Clinical Investigation The following guidelines are intended to aid physicians in fulfilling their ethical responsibilities when they engage in the clinical investigation of new drugs and procedures. (1) A physician may participate in clinical investigation only to the extent that those activities are a part of a systematic program competently designed, under accepted standards of scientific research, to produce data which are scie…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physicians Financial Interests
Opinion 8.0321 - Physicians’ Self-Referral Business arrangements among physicians in the health care marketplace have the potential to benefit patients by enhancing quality of care and access to health care services. However, these arrangements can also be ethically challenging when they create opportunities for self-referral in which patients’ medical interests can be in tension with physicians’ financial interests. Such arrangements can undermi…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Observing Professional Boundaries and Meeting Professional Responsibilities
Opinion 9.124 -Professionalism in the Use of Social MediaThe Internet has created the ability for medical students and physicians to communicate and share information quickly and to reach millions of people easily.Participating in social networking and other similar Internet opportunities can support physicians' personal expression, enable individual physicians to have a professional presence online, foster collegiality and camaraderie within the…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physician Stewardship
Opinion 9.0652 - Physician Stewardship of Health Care Resources Physicians’ primary ethical obligation is to promote the well-being of individual patients. Physicians also have a long-recognized obligation to patients in general to promote public health and access to care. This obligation requires physicians to be prudent stewards of the shared societal resources with which they are entrusted. Managing health care resources responsibly for the be…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physicians' Participation in Clinical Research
Opinion 2.07 - Clinical Investigation The following guidelines are intended to aid physicians in fulfilling their ethical responsibilities when they engage in the clinical investigation of new drugs and procedures
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Pay for Performance
Opinion 8.056 - Physician Pay-for-Performance Programs Physician pay-for-performance (PFP) compensation arrangements should be designed to improve health care quality and patient safety by linking remuneration to measures of individual, group, or organizational performance. To uphold their ethical obligations, physicians who are involved with PFP programs must take appropriate measures to promote patients’ well-being. (1) Physicians who are invol…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Sexual Harassment of Medical Students and Residents
Opinion 3.08 - Sexual Harassment and Exploitation between Medical Supervisors and Trainees Sexual harassment may be defined as sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when (l) such conduct interferes with an individual’s work or academic performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or academic environment or (2) accepting or rejecting such conduct affects or may be…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physicians' Relationships with Drug Companies and Duty to Assist in Containing Drug Costs
The AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physicians' Relationships with Drug
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Treating Athletes
The AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Treating Athletes Opinion 3.06 -Sports Medicine Physicians should assist athletes to make informed decisions about their participation in amateur and professional contact sports which entail risks of bodily injury.The professional responsibility of the physician who serves in a medical capacity at an athletic contest or sporting event is to protect the health and safety of the contestants.The desire of s…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physician Advocacy
Opinion 9.025 - Advocacy for Change in Law and Policy Physicians may participate in individual acts, grassroots activities, or legally permissible collective action to advocate for change, as provided for in the AMA’s Principles of Medical Ethics. Whenever engaging in advocacy efforts, physicians must ensure that the health of patients is not jeopardized and that patient care is not compromised
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Adolescent Care
Opinion 5.055 - Confidential Care for Minors Physicians who treat minors have an ethical duty to promote the autonomy of minor patients by involving them in the medical decision-making process to a degree commensurate with their abilities. When minors request confidential services, physicians should encourage them to involve their parents. This includes making efforts to obtain the minor’s reasons for not involving his or her parents and correcti…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on End-of-Life Decision Making
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Assisted Reproductive Technology
Opinion 2.055 - Ethical Conduct in Assisted Reproductive Technology The following guidelines are intended to emphasize the value of existing standards to ensure ethical practices in assisted reproductive technology (ART): (1) The medical profession’s development of technical and ethical guidelines for ART should continue. Education of the profession and patients should be pursued through widely disseminated information. Such material should inclu…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Disparities in Health Care
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Financial Incentives and Conflicts under Various Models of Payment for Care
Opinion 8.051 - Conflicts of Interest under Capitation The application of capitation to physicians’ practices can result in the provision of cost-effective, quality medical care. It is important to note, however, that the potential for conflict exists under such systems. Physicians who contract with health care plans should attempt to minimize these conflicts and to ensure that capitation is applied in a manner consistent with patients’ interests
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Discussing Patients with Third Parties
Opinion 5.04 - Communications Media: Standards of Professional Responsibility Physicians are ethically and legally required to protect the personal privacy and other legal rights of patients. When information concerning a specific patient is requested by the media, the physician must obtain the consent of the patient or an authorized representative before releasing such information. The physician may release only the authorized information or tha…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on the Physician as Businessperson
Opinion 6.11 - Competition Competition between and among physicians and other health care practitioners on the basis of competitive factors such as quality of services, skill, experience, miscellaneous conveniences offered to patients, credit terms, fees charged, etc, is not only ethical but is encouraged. Ethical medical practice thrives best under free market conditions when prospective patients have adequate information and opportunity to choo…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physician Participation in Abortion, Assisted Reproduction, and Physician-Assisted Suicide
Opinion 2.01 - Abortion The “Principles of Medical Ethics” of the AMA do not prohibit a physician from performing an abortion in accordance with good medical practice and under circumstances that do not violate the law. Issued prior to April 1977. Opinion 2.055 - Ethical Conduct in Assisted Reproductive Technology The following guidelines are intended to emphasize the value of existing standards to ensure ethical practices in assisted reproductiv…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Patient Requests for and Use of Non-Prescribed Treatments
Opinion 8.20 - Invalid Medical Treatment The following general guidelines are offered to serve physicians when they are called upon to decide among treatments: (1) Treatments which have no medical indication and offer no possible benefit to the patient should not be used. (2) Treatments which have been determined scientifically to be invalid should not be used
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Organ Transplantation
Opinion 2.16 - Organ Transplantation Guidelines The following statement is offered for guidance of physicians as they seek to maintain the highest level of ethical conduct in the transplanting of human organs
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Informing Patients about Treatment Options
The patient's right of self-decision can be effectively exercised only if the patient possesses enough information to enable an informed choice. The patient should make his or her own determination about treatment. The physician's obligation is to present the medical facts accurately to the patient or to the individual responsible for the patient's care and to make recommendations for management in accordance with good medical practice. The physi…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physician Administrators
Opinion 8.02 -Ethical Guidelines for Physicians in Administrative or Other Non-clinical RolesThe practice of medicine focuses primarily on diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, but its concerns extend broadly to include human experiences related to health and illness.Throughout their formal education and their practice of medicine, physicians profess and are therefore held to standards of medical ethics and professionalism, such as those…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Care at the End of Life
Opinion 2.20 -Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Medical TreatmentThe social commitment of the physician is to sustain life and relieve suffering.Where the performance of one duty conflicts with the other, the preferences of the patient should prevail.The principle of patient autonomy requires that physicians respect the decision to forgo life-sustaining treatment of a patient who possesses decision-making capacity.Life-sustaining treatme…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Sedation at the End of Life
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Cost Containment, Payment Structures, and Financial Incentives
Opinion 8.054 - Financial Incentives and the Practice of Medicine In order to achieve the necessary goals of patient care and to protect the role of physicians as advocates for individual patients, the following statement is offered for the guidance of physicians
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Medical Student Involvement in Patient Care
Much to the benefit of patients and medical education, medical students are participating in patient care from the start of their medical education. Initially, students may be mere observers, but soon they assume more responsibilities, such as monitoring the condition of patients and even becoming involved directly in treatment. Patients and the public benefit from the integrated care that is provided by health care teams that include medical stu…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinions on Physicians with Infectious Diseases
Opinion 9.13—Physicians and Infectious Diseases A physician who knows that he or she has an infectious disease, which if contracted by the patient would pose a significant risk to the patient, should not engage in any activity that creates a significant risk of transmission of that disease to the patient. The precautions taken to prevent the transmission of a contagious disease to a patient should be appropriate to the seriousness of the disease …
AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinion on Resident Physician Training
Opinion 8.088 – Residents and fellows have dual roles as trainees and caregivers First and foremost, they are physicians and therefore should always regard the interests of patients as paramount. To facilitate both patient care and educational goals, physicians involved in the training of residents and fellows should ensure that the health care delivery environment is respectful of the learning process as well as the patient’s welfare and dignity
AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ Opinion on Respect for Patient Beliefs
AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ Opinions on Genetic Testing
Opinion 2.131 -Disclosure of Familial Risk in Genetic Testing (1) Physicians have a professional duty to protect the confidentiality of their patients' information, including genetic information.(2) Pre-and post-test counseling must include implications of genetic information for patients' biological relatives.At the time patients are considering undergoing genetic testing, physicians should discuss with them whether to invite family members to p…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Using Drugs and Surgery for Purposes Other than Treatment
Opinion 8.06 - Prescribing and Dispensing Drugs and Devices (1) Physicians should prescribe drugs, devices, and other treatments based solely upon medical considerations and patient need and reasonable expectations of the effectiveness of the drug, device or other treatment for the particular patient
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Respect for Civil and Human Rights
Opinion 9.03 Civil Rights and Professional Responsibility Opportunities in medical society activities or membership, medical education and training, employment, and all other aspects of professional endeavors should not be denied to any duly licensed physician because of race, color, religion, creed, ethnic affiliation, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, or handicap
AMA Code of Medical Ethics ’ Opinions on Patenting Procedures and Devices
Opinion 9.08 - New Medical Procedures In the ethical tradition expressed by Hippocrates and continuously affirmed thereafter, the role of the physician has been that of a healer who serves patients, a teacher who imparts knowledge of skills and techniques to colleagues, and a student who constantly seeks to keep abreast of new medical knowledge
AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ Opinion on Respect for All Patients
Opinion 9.123 - Disrespect and Derogatory Conduct in the Patient-Physician Relationship The relationship between patients and physicians is based on trust and should serve to promote patients’ well-being while respecting their dignity and rights. Trust can be established and maintained only when there is mutual respect
AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinion on Nurses
AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinion on Physician Advertising
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Seriously Ill Newborns and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Opinion 2.215 Treatment Decisions for Seriously Ill Newborns The primary consideration for decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment for seriously ill newborns should be what is best for the newborn. Factors that should be weighed are (1) the chance that therapy will succeed, (2) the risks involved with treatment and nontreatment, (3) the degree to which the therapy, if successful, will extend life, (4) the pain and discomfort associated with…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Disparities in Health Care
Racial and Ethnic Health Care DisparitiesDifferences in treatment that are not directly attributable to variances in clinical needs or patient preferences constitute disparities in health care.Among racial and ethnic minority populations, such disparities may contribute to health outcomes that are considerably worse than those of majority populations.This represents a significant challenge for physicians who ethically are called upon to serve pat…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on the Sale and Dispensing of Health-Related Products
Opinion 8.06 - Prescribing and Dispensing Drugs and Devices (1) Physicians should prescribe drugs, devices, and other treatments based solely upon medical considerations and patient need and reasonable expectations of the effectiveness of the drug, device or other treatment for the particular patient
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physician Duty to Treat
Physician Obligation in Disaster Preparedness and Response National, regional, and local responses to epidemics, terrorist attacks, and other disasters require extensive involvement of physicians.Because of their commitment to care for the sick and injured, individual physicians have an obligation to provide urgent medical care during disasters.This ethical obligation holds even in the face of greater than usual risks to their own safety, health …
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on International Research
Opinion 2.077 – Ethical Considerations in International Research Physicians, either in their role as investigators or as decision-makers involved in the deliberations related to the funding or the review of research, hold an ethical obligation to ensure the protection of research participants. When the research is to be conducted in countries with differing cultural traditions, health care systems, and ethical standards, and in particular in coun…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Quarantine and Physician Duty to Treat
Opinion 2.25 – The Use of Quarantine and Isolation as Public Health Interventions Quarantine and isolation to protect the population’s health potentially conflict with the individual rights of liberty and self-determination. The medical profession, in collaboration with public health colleagues, must take an active role in ensuring that those interventions are based on science and are applied according to certain ethical considerations. To this e…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Pay-for-Performance Programs and Patients' Interests
Opinion 8.056 - Physician Pay-for-Performance Programs Physician pay-for-performance (PFP) compensation arrangements should be designed to improve health care quality and patient safety by linking remuneration to measures of individual, group, or organizational performance. To uphold their ethical obligations, physicians who are involved with PFP programs must take appropriate measures to promote patients’ well-being. (1) Physicians who are invol…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physicians Duty to the Poor
Opinion 9.065 - Caring for the Poor Each physician has an obligation to share in providing care to the indigent. The measure of what constitutes an appropriate contribution may vary with circumstances such as community characteristics, geographic location, the nature of the physician’s practice and specialty, and other conditions. All physicians should work to ensure that the needs of the poor in their communities are met. Caring for the poor sho…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Confidentiality of Patient Information
Opinion 9.124 -Professionalism in the Use of Social MediaThe Internet has created the ability for medical students and physicians to communicate and share information quickly and to reach millions of people easily.Participating in social networking and other similar Internet opportunities can support physicians' personal expression, enable individual physicians to have a professional presence online, foster collegiality and camaraderie within the…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Population-Based Genomic Research
Opinion 2.079 - Safeguards in the Use of DNA Databanks in Genomic Research The following safeguards should be applied to the use of databases for the purpose of population-based genomic research: (1) Physicians who participate as investigators in genomic research should have adequate training in genomic research and related ethical issues so as to be able to discuss these issues with patients and/or potential research subjects
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Patient Safety
Opinion 8.12 -Patient Information It is a fundamental ethical requirement that a physician should at all times deal honestly and openly with patients. Patients have a right to know their past and present medical status and to be free of any mistaken beliefs concerning their conditions. Situations occasionally occur in which a patient suffers significant medical complications that may have resulted from the physician's mistake or judgment. In thes…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinions on Physicians' Health and Conduct
Physician Health and WellnessTo preserve the quality of their performance, physicians have a responsibility to maintain their health and wellness, construed broadly as preventing or treating acute or chronic diseases, including mental illness, disabilities, and occupational stress.When health or wellness is compromised, so may the safety and effectiveness of the medical care provided.When failing physical or mental health reaches the point of int…
AMA Code of Medical Ethics Opinion on Computerized Medical Records
Opinion 5.07 - Confidentiality: Computers The utmost effort and care must be taken to protect the confidentiality of all medical records, including computerized medical records. The guidelines below are offered to assist physicians and computer service organizations in maintaining the confidentiality of information in medical records when that information is stored in computerized data bases
AMA Code of Medical Ethics' Opinion on Physician Pay-for-Performance Programs
Opinion 8.056 - Physician Pay-for-Performance Programs Physician pay-for-performance (PFP) compensation arrangements should be designed to improve health care quality and patient safety by linking remuneration to measures of individual, group, or organizational performance. To uphold their ethical obligations, physicians who are involved with PFP programs must take appropriate measures to promote patients’ well-being
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