Wilmar B Schaufeli
Biographic Data
| ID | 87170 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Wilmar B Schaufeli |
| GIVEN NAMES | Wilmar B |
| FAMILY NAME | Schaufeli |
| SIGNATURE | SCHAUFELI W B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6070-7150 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 120 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2047 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 120 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Validity Evidence for the Secondary Symptoms of the Burnout Assessment Tool: A Brazilian Study
Burnout syndrome is conceptualized as a work-related psychological condition primarily marked by persistent exhaustion, emotional and cognitive impairment and mental distancing. In addition to these core dimensions, burnout may give rise to secondary symptoms, including psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints, and depressive mood. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) includes specific measures for both primary and secondary symptoms. This s…
The cultural generalizability of engaging leadership: Validation in the Romanian context
Engaging leadership is a managerial style that focuses on satisfying four basic psychological needs of followers (autonomy, relatedness, competence, and meaningfulness) and has been shown to be positively related to followers’ engagement, commitment, and performance. Although the Engaging Leadership Scale has demonstrated sound psychometric properties in several national contexts (e.g., the Netherlands, Belgium, Indonesia, and Russia), evidence f…
Magnet4Europe Intervention to Improve Clinician and Patient Well-Being: A Quasi-Experimental Study of 56 Hospitals in 6 European Countries
BACKGROUND: Descriptive studies have documented high hospital nurse burnout and turnover but there are few, if any, large-scale evaluations of organizational interventions to improve clinician retention. The Magnet model is an organizational hospital intervention associated with better clinician and patient outcomes but there is insufficient evidence as to whether the Magnet model based on structural empowerment of clinicians results in better ou…
The burnout-depression conundrum: Investigating construct-relevant multidimensionality across four countries and four patient samples
This research seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the distinctive nature of burnout and depression. In a first study, we relied on employee samples from four European countries (N = 5199; 51.27% women; Mage = 43.14). In a second study, we relied on a large sample of patients (N = 5791; 53.70% women; Mage = 39.54) who received a diagnosis of burnout, depressive episode, job strain, or adaptation disorder. Across all samples and sub…
The psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool in Norway: A thorough investigation into construct‐relevant multidimensionality
OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization recognizes burnout as an occupational issue. Nevertheless, accurately identifying employee burnout remains a challenging task. To complicate matters, current measures of burnout have demonstrated limitations, prompting the development of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). Given these circumstances, conducting an in-depth examination of the BAT's construct-relevant multidimensionality is crucial. METHOD: Th…
Work Engagement: A meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands-Resources Model
Although the construct of work engagement has been extensively explored, a systematic meta-analysis based on a consistent categorization of engagement antecedents, outcomes, and well-being correlates is still lacking. The results of prior research reporting 533 correlations from 113 independent samples ( k = 94, n = 119,420) were coded using a meta-analytic approach. The effect size for development resources ( r = .45) and personal resources ( r …
Resilience mechanisms at work: The psychological immunity-psychological elasticity (PI-PE) model of psychological resilience
Recently, scientists have shifted their focus from studying psychological resilience as a single, isolated construct (e.g. attribute or outcome) to studying it as a dynamic process encompassing a number of temporally related elements. Models depicting this process explain why some people adapt to stressor exposure, whereas others do not. To date, these process models did not sufficiently explain how people adapt differently to a stressor. To addr…
The Greek Burnout Assessment Tool: Examining Its Adaptation and Validity
Burnout is a significant challenge in the workplace. Its extent is global and its unfavourable consequences are diverse, affecting the individual, the organization, and society. The aim of the present study was to examine the adaptation and assess the validity of the Greek version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT). The adaptation process included the translation and back-translation of the BAT. Data were collected from 356 Greek employees from…
The strengthening starts at home: Parent–child relationships, psychological capital, and academic performance – a longitudinal mediation analysis
Construct and Criterion Validity of the Dutch Workaholism Scale (Duwas) Within the South African Financial Services Context
This research investigated the construct and criterion validity of the English version of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) within the South African financial services context ( n = 345). A quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the psychometric properties of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-10). Confirmatory factor analysis was used with a latent variable modeling approach for the constru…
Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): Validity Evidence from Brazil and Portugal
The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) has been gaining increased attention as a sound and innovative instrument in its conceptualization of burnout. BAT has been adapted for several countries, revealing promising validity evidence. This paper aims to present the psychometric properties of the Brazilian and Portuguese versions of the BAT in both the 23-item and 12-item versions. BAT's validity evidence based on the internal structure (dimensionality, …
Italian Validation of the 12-Item Version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-12)
The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) has shown satisfactory validity evidence in several countries, with the 23-item version of the instrument reporting adequate psychometric properties also in the Italian context. This paper is aimed to present results from the Italian validation of the 12-item version of the BAT. Based on a sample of 2277 workers, our results supported the factorial validity of a higher-order model represented by 4 first-order fac…
Shortening of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)—from 23 to 12 items using content and Rasch analysis
The new BAT12 developed in the present study maintains the breath of item content of the original version of the BAT. The new BAT12 has sound psychometric properties. The scale works invariantly for older and younger, women and men and across two countries. A shorter version of the BAT is timesaving compared to the BAT23 and can be used in e.g. employee surveys
The psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) in South Africa
The BAT-23 is a valid and reliable measure to investigate burnout within the Southern African context
Linking positive emotions and academic performance: The mediated role of academic psychological capital and academic engagement
A person-centered investigation of two dominant job crafting theoretical frameworks and their work-related implications
There are currently two main theoretical perspectives that explain how employees engage in job crafting, namely Wrzesniewski and Dutton's (2001) original theory and the Job Demands-Resources model framework by Tims et al. (2012). The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare these two perspectives on job crafting and operationalizations based thereon using a person-centered methodology. We also examined whether the use of different job…
Disengaging Leadership Scale (DLS): Evidence of Initial Validity
The main goal of this study was to develop a scale for measuring Disengaging Leader-ship (DEL) behaviors and to provide preliminary evidence for the validity of this new instrument. Developing such new measures is needed given current concepts that tap into negative leadership behaviors are rarely based on a sound theoretical framework. Drawing on the core premises of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) regarding employees' basic needs and, more spec…
The Ecuadorian Version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): Adaptation and Validation
This study aimed to adapt and show evidence of validity for the Ecuadorian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) considering only its "core" dimensions. The adaptation process included its translation and back translation. For content validation, expert reviews and focus groups were carried out. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the scale. The reliability of the scale was …
Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)
The most popular instrument to measure burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Recently, to overcome some of the limitations of the MBI, a new instrument has been proposed, namely the Burnout Assessment Tool. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the BAT. This tool is comprised of a set of four core dimensions (BAT-C; i.e., exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive and emotional impairm…
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students
Examining the job demands-resources model in a sample of Korean correctional officers
Engaging Leadership and Its Implication for Work Engagement and Job Outcomes at the Individual and Team Level: A Multi-Level Longitudinal Study
The current study investigates how supervisors' engaging leadership, as perceived by their employees, increases employees' job outcomes at the individual and team level, as mediated by (team) work engagement. Job outcome indicators at the team level are team performance, team learning, and team innovation; and at the individual level, job performance, employee learning, and innovative work behavior. The novel concept of engaging leadership is pre…
Same Involvement, Different Reasons: How Personality Factors and Organizations Contribute to Heavy Work Investment
The academic literature has drawn a clear distinction between a positive form (i.e., work engagement) and a negative form (i.e., workaholism) of heavy work investment (HWI). Nevertheless, the different weight of individual and situational factors contributing to their development was not thoroughly explored. This study aims to investigate the role of individual variables (i.e., obsessive-compulsive traits, achievement orientation, perfectionism, …
Measurement Invariance of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) Across Seven Cross-National Representative Samples
The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement invariance of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) across seven cross-national representative samples. In this study, burnout was modeled as a second-order factor in line with the conceptual definition as a syndrome. The combined sample consisted of 10,138 participants from countries in Europe and Japan. The data were treated as ordered categorical in nature and a series of models were tested …
Business Results and Well-Being: An Engaging Leadership Intervention Study
The present quasi-experimental study tested the business impact of a leadership development program focusing on psychological well-being through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Based on the concept of engaging leadership and self-determination theory, the 8-month program targeted midlevel team leaders of the customer fulfilment center of a health systems multinational organization. The program was designed in co-creation between se…
Job Burnout
Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new c…
Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study
This study focuses on burnout and its positive antipode—engagement. A model is tested in which burnout and engagement have different predictors and different possible consequences. Structural equation modeling was used to simultaneously analyze data from four independent occupational samples (total N = 1698). Results confirm the hypothesized model indicating that: (1) burnout and engagement are negatively related, sharing between 10 per cent and …
Burnout and work engagement among teachers
Burnout and Engagement in University Students: A Cross-National Study
This study examines burnout and engagement-the hypothesized opposite of burnout-in university students from Spain ( n = 623), Portugal ( n = 727), and the Netherlands ( n = 311). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the expected three-factor structures of the adapted versions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) for students (including Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for students (inc…
How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism
The present longitudinal survey among 201 telecom managers supports the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model that postulates a health impairment process and a motivational process. As hypothesized, results of structural equation modeling analyses revealed that: (1) increases in job demands (i.e., overload, emotional demands, and work-home interference) and decreases in job resources (i.e., social support, autonomy, opportunities to learn, and feedb…
Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency
Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement
This study focused on daily job crafting and explored its contextual determinants and one motivational outcome (i.e., work engagement). Job crafting was conceptualized as “seeking resources,” “seeking challenges,” and “reducing demands.” Participants were 95 employees from several organizations who completed a 5‐day diary survey. As hypothesized, we found a 3‐factor structure for the job crafting instrument, both at the general and day levels. We…
The Effects of Job Insecurity on Psychological Health and Withdrawal: A Longitudinal Study
This paper reports on a repeated measures study of job insecurity conducted during drastic organisational change in one of Australia's large public transport organisations. In a redundant group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 63), effects of job insecurity and the availability of coping resources on psychological health and withdrawal were examined longitudinally by means of self-report questionnaires. Results indicate that job insecurity is as…
Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations
This editorial introduces a special issue of the Journal of Organizational Behavior on positive organizational behavior (POB). POB emphasizes the need for more focused theory building, research, and effective application of positive traits, states, and behaviors of employees in organizations. We argue that in order to make a substantive contribution to organizational science, POB will need to show the added value of the positive over and above th…
The crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples
The present study tested the hypothesis that burnout and work engagement may crossover from husbands to wives and vice versa. Data were collected among 323 couples working in a variety of occupations. The Job Demands-Resources model was used to simultaneously examine possible correlates of burnout and engagement for each partner separately. The results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses provide evidence for the crossover of burnout (…
The construct validity of two burnout measures
The present study was carried out among a sample of 667 Dutch nurses and assesses three aspects of the construct validity of the two most widely used self‐report burnout questionnaires: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Burnout Measure (BM). Although the factorial validity of the three‐dimensional structure of the MBI was convincingly demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL, four weak and ambiguous items were identified…
Good morning, good day: A diary study on positive emotions, hope, and work engagement
The objective of this diary study was to look at the potential positive within-person relationships between positive emotions, work-related hope, and the three dimensions of work engagement on a daily level (i.e. vigor, dedication, and absorption). Following Broaden-and-Build theory and Affective Events Theory, it was expected that the experience of positive emotions would cause hope, which in turn would lead to a state of vigor, dedication, and …
Unfairness at work as a predictor of absenteeism
This study among 514 security guards examines the relationship between perceptions of unfairness at work and absenteeism during a one‐year follow‐up. On the basis of previous theoretical work and fragmented empirical evidence, it was hypothesized that distributive unfairness causes absence behavior in a direct or indirect way (through health complaints). Procedural unfairness was hypothesized to cause absence behavior through affective commitment…
To leave or not to leave: Retirement intentions and retirement behaviour
Research on the correspondence between retirement intentions and subsequent behaviour is scarce. We aimed to explore possible associations between retirement intentions and behaviour, using five-year high-quality quantitative panel data on Norwegian senior workers. Retirement intentions operate at different levels of firmness: (a) considerations; (b) preferences; and (c) decisions. Compared to work continuation considerations, a targeted age for …
Burnout among Nurses: A Polish-Dutch Comparison
Results are presented of a cross-national study on burnout among 200 Polish and 183 Dutch female nurses. The reliablity and the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is satisfactory in both countries. However, evidence for the content validity of the MBI is likewise equivocal in both samples. Polish nurses are significantly more burned out than their Dutch colleagues, even after controlling for differences in work situations i…
Stability and change in psychological distress and their relationship with self-esteem and locus of control: A dynamic equilibrium model
The proposed model assumes (a) that each person has a stable and characteristic symptom level, (b) that external events act to deflect symptom levels from this stable level, and (c) that adaptive mechanisms tend to normalize these deviations. The model is used to examine (a) the dynamics of psychological distress (PD), (b) the role of personality traits (i.e., self-esteem and locus of control), and (c) the contamination of these traits by the cur…
Success and failure in the labour market
In previous research on unemployment, conflicting evidence has been found for a ‘reverse causation interpretation’, indicating that prolonged unemployment is a consequence of psychological distress instead of the reverse. The present longitudinal study was conducted to test this reverse causation explanation. A second issue addressed in this study was whether getting a job or not depends more strongly on subjective or psychological factors than o…
Late Career Decision-Making: A Qualitative Panel Study
The aim of this longitudinal qualitative interview study (3 waves of interviews) was to examine the nature of older workers’ late career decision-making processes, including the main drivers and obstacles for prolonging working life or retiring. Late career decision-making is regarded as a process of reflecting and deciding on whether to continue in the current job, change employer, be self-employed, or quit one’s career when approaching retireme…
The Meaning of Work and Home
In contemporary society, work and home represent the two most significant domains in the life of a working individual. Changes in family structures and technological changes (e.g. mobile phones and portable computers) that enable job tasks to be performed in a variety of locations have blurred the boundaries between work and home. This all suggests that the meaning that people may have attached to these domains has changed also. The present resea…
Being Driven to Work Excessively Hard: The Evaluation of a Two-Factor Measure of Workaholism in The Netherlands and Japan
Based on a conceptual analysis, a two-dimensional self-report questionnaire for assessing workaholism (work addiction) is proposed, including (1) working excessively hard and (2) working compulsively. Using independent explorative and confirmative samples that include employees from The Netherlands ( N = 7,594) and Japan ( N = 3,311), a questionnaire is developed and psychometrically evaluated. Results show that both scales (five items each) are …
Social interactions, stressful events and negative affect at work: A micro‐analytic approach
In the present study a daily event‐recording method, the DIRO (Daily Interaction Record in Organizations), was employed for assessing social interactions, stressful events and negative affect at work. Forty‐one secretaries filled out the records during the course of a week. This made it possible to consider both between‐and within‐subject effects of social interactions. The results showed that the social interactions of secretaries were character…
Perceiving the causes of unemployment: An evaluation of the Causal Dimensions Scale in a real-life situation
Job Insecurity Research is Still Alive and Kicking Twenty Years Later: A Commentary
This paper comments on the review of longitudinal job insecurity studies in this special issue. The main conclusion of that review, namely that job insecurity leads to poor health and well‐being, remains undisputed. It is argued, however, that future job insecurity research should focus more on: (a) uncovering the underlying psychological mechanisms of job insecurity; (b) the effects of new forms of labor contracts; (c) differences across nations…
Exploring types of interference between work and non-work: Using a Diary Study Approach
©2009 Taylor & Francis. Studies of work and family issues have used predominately between-subject crosssectional designs. While some researchers have called for more longitudinal studies, others have suggested that a more strategic way forward for the field is the use of daily diary studies (Frone, Russell, & Cooper, 1992). This study explores different types of interference between work and non-work domains, using a diary study methodology. This…
Perceiving the causes of unemployment: An evaluation of the Causal Dimensions Scale in a real-life situation
Stability and change in psychological distress and their relationship with self-esteem and locus of control: A dynamic equilibrium model
The proposed model assumes (a) that each person has a stable and characteristic symptom level, (b) that external events act to deflect symptom levels from this stable level, and (c) that adaptive mechanisms tend to normalize these deviations. The model is used to examine (a) the dynamics of psychological distress (PD), (b) the role of personality traits (i.e., self-esteem and locus of control), and (c) the contamination of these traits by the cur…
Success and failure in the labour market
In previous research on unemployment, conflicting evidence has been found for a ‘reverse causation interpretation’, indicating that prolonged unemployment is a consequence of psychological distress instead of the reverse. The present longitudinal study was conducted to test this reverse causation explanation. A second issue addressed in this study was whether getting a job or not depends more strongly on subjective or psychological factors than o…
A brief reaction on Feather
The construct validity of two burnout measures
The present study was carried out among a sample of 667 Dutch nurses and assesses three aspects of the construct validity of the two most widely used self‐report burnout questionnaires: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Burnout Measure (BM). Although the factorial validity of the three‐dimensional structure of the MBI was convincingly demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL, four weak and ambiguous items were identified…
Burnout among Dutch Teachers: An Mbi-Validity Study
The study investigates the internal consistency as well as the factorial and discriminant validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in a sample of 326 Dutch secondary teachers. Compared to other teacher samples, the internal consistency of the three subscales (Emotional Exhaustion-EEX, Depersonalization-DEP, Reduced Personal Accomplishment-PAC) is relatively high. Using confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis with LISREL, it is show…
Burnout among Nurses: A Polish-Dutch Comparison
Results are presented of a cross-national study on burnout among 200 Polish and 183 Dutch female nurses. The reliablity and the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is satisfactory in both countries. However, evidence for the content validity of the MBI is likewise equivocal in both samples. Polish nurses are significantly more burned out than their Dutch colleagues, even after controlling for differences in work situations i…
A Cautionary Note about the Cross-National and Clinical Validity of Cut-off Points for the Maslach Burnout Inventory
In the present study, burnout scores of three samples, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, were compared: (1) the normative American sample from the test-manual (N = 10,067), (2) the normative Dutch sample (N = 3,892), and (3) a Dutch outpatient sample (N = 142). Generally, the highest burnout scores were found for the outpatient sample, followed by the American and Dutch normative samples, respectively. Slightly different patterns we…
The Effects of Job Insecurity on Psychological Health and Withdrawal: A Longitudinal Study
This paper reports on a repeated measures study of job insecurity conducted during drastic organisational change in one of Australia's large public transport organisations. In a redundant group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 63), effects of job insecurity and the availability of coping resources on psychological health and withdrawal were examined longitudinally by means of self-report questionnaires. Results indicate that job insecurity is as…
Social interactions, stressful events and negative affect at work: A micro‐analytic approach
In the present study a daily event‐recording method, the DIRO (Daily Interaction Record in Organizations), was employed for assessing social interactions, stressful events and negative affect at work. Forty‐one secretaries filled out the records during the course of a week. This made it possible to consider both between‐and within‐subject effects of social interactions. The results showed that the social interactions of secretaries were character…
A Canadian-Dutch Comparison of Teachers' Burnout
Scores on burnout among 631 Canadian and 1,180 Dutch teachers were compared with various demographic variables (sex and age) and factors related to work (experience in teaching, type of school, and number of hours employed). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory of three dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Analysis indicated that, over-all, Canadian teachers reported higher scores on…
Job characteristics and employee well-being: A test of Warr's Vitamin Model in health care workers using structural equation modelling
Warr's (1987) Vitamin Model was investigated in a representative sample of 1437 Dutch health care workers (i.e. nurses and nurses' aides). According to this model, it was hypothesized that three job characteristics (i.e. job demands, job autonomy, and workplace social support) are curvilinearly related with three key indicators of employee well-being (i.e. job satisfaction, job-related anxiety, and emotional exhaustion). Structural equation model…
Burnout, job stress and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers
Much has been published on burnout in the human services. However, despite the extensive literature on job stress in policing, burnout in police officers has rarely been studied. The present study examined stressors in police work, focusing specifically on the lack of reciprocity that officers experience in relations with civilians, colleagues and the police service. It also investigated the relationship between burnout and the attitudes of offic…
Reciprocity in Interpersonal Relationships: An Evolutionary Perspective on Its Importance for Health and Well-being
Based on an evolutionary analysis of reciprocal altruism, it is argued that humans have developed innate mechanisms to expect reciprocity in interpersonal relationships and that a lack of reciprocity is accompanied by negative affect. The authors present an overview of their own research programme documenting the importance of reciprocity in a wide variety of relationships, including marital relationships, lesbian relationships, extradyadic sexua…
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses
A model of burnout and life satisfaction amongst nurses This study, among 109 German nurses, tested a theoretically derived model of burnout and overall life satisfaction. The model discriminates between two conceptually different categories of working conditions, namely job demands and job resources. It was hypothesized that: (1) job demands, such as demanding contacts with patients and time pressure, are most predictive of exhaustion; (2) job r…
The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) across occupational groups and nations
The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) was investigated among employees of a multinational company in the forest industry. The present study includes data from Finnish, Swedish and Dutch employees (total N = 9055). The hypothesized three‐factor model of the MBI‐GS (Exhaustion, Cynicism, Professional Efficacy) was replicated across occupational groups (i.e. managers, clerks, foremen technicians, blue‐collar…
Patient demands, lack of reciprocity, and burnout: A five‐year longitudinal study among general practitioners
This study among a sample of 207 general practitioners (GPs) uses a five-year longitudinal design to test a process model of burnout. On the basis of social exchange and equity theory, it is hypothesized and found that demanding patient contacts produce a lack of reciprocity in the GP–patient relationship, which, in turn, depletes GPs' emotional resources and initiates the burnout syndrome. More specifically, structural equation analyses confirme…
On the Clinical Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Burnout Measure
Current knowledge about burnout suffers from a healthy worker bias since only working - and thus relatively healthy - employees have been investigated. The main objective of this study is to examine - for the first time among employees who sought psychological treatment - the validity of the two most widely used burnout instruments; the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Burnout Measure (BM). Two groups were distinguished: a "burned out" gro…
Burnout and engagement at work as a function of demands and control
OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to test the demand-control model using indicators of both health impairment and active learning or motivation. METHODS: A total of 381 insurance company employees participated in the study. Discriminant analysis was used to examine the relationship between job demands and job control on one hand and health impairment and active learning on the other. RESULTS: The amount of demands and control could be pr…
Introduction to special issue on burnout and health
The job demands-resources model of burnout.
The job demands-resources (JD-R) model proposes that working conditions can be categorized into 2 broad categories, job demands and job resources. that are differentially related to specific outcomes. A series of LISREL analyses using self-reports as well as observer ratings of the working conditions provided strong evidence for the JD-R model: Job demands are primarily related to the exhaustion component of burnout, whereas (lack of) job resourc…
Job Burnout
Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new c…
Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey: An Internet Study
This study examined the factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS; Schaufeli et al ., Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual , pp. 19-26. Consulting Psychologists Press, CA) in eight different occupational groups of employees ( N = 2919), who were recruited through the Internet. Results of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses favored the proposed Three-Factor Model over alternative Two- and One-Factor Models. Exha…
The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach
Unfairness at work as a predictor of absenteeism
This study among 514 security guards examines the relationship between perceptions of unfairness at work and absenteeism during a one‐year follow‐up. On the basis of previous theoretical work and fragmented empirical evidence, it was hypothesized that distributive unfairness causes absence behavior in a direct or indirect way (through health complaints). Procedural unfairness was hypothesized to cause absence behavior through affective commitment…
Psychology (108 works) · Social Psychology (93 works) · Clinical Psychology (66 works) · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior (64 works) · Burnout (53 works) · Workplace Health and Well-being (49 works) · Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout (45 works) · Work engagement (41 works) · Applied Psychology (39 works) · Social Psychology (36 works)