Olga Espinoza
Biographic Data
| ID | 876308 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Olga Espinoza |
| GIVEN NAMES | Olga |
| FAMILY NAME | Espinoza |
| SIGNATURE | ESPINOZA O |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tarapacá |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7525-2980 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Participation in extracurricular activities and labor market outcomes of university graduates: Evidence from Chile
Participation in extracurricular activities (ECA) during undergraduate studies is a crucial element of employability. However, there is limited knowledge about the relationship between ECA and graduates’ observable labor market outcomes. This study explores the relationship between participation in ECA and two main outcomes for Chilean university graduates: employment status and post-graduation earnings. The research draws on a 2024 survey involv…
Determinants of timely graduation in Chilean universities
University graduation in Chile has in recent years become a highly debated topic, stimulated by the low rate of on-time graduation. Today only 16% of all students entering higher education graduate in the time indicated in the study plan. The study uses a discrete time multilevel survival model to analyse the relationship between student’s characteristics, field of study, academic progression, and timely graduation. Data were obtained from the ac…
Does free tuition promote equity in higher education? impact on academic performance of low-income university students
Does free tuition impact academic performance of low-income undergraduate students? A response to Barroilhet, Silva and Quiroga
The role of graduate education in the intergenerational reproduction of inequality in Chile
Academic Performance of Persistent University Students in Chile
Academic performance (GPA) is a fundamental factor in student success in college. Therefore, knowing the factors that influence it is important for universities. The objective of this research is to identify the determinants of university student academic performance during the first 3 years of its trajectory. The conclusions are based on data describing characteristics and behaviour of students who successfully completed three consecutive years …
Horizontal stratification of universities and precariousness of graduates working conditions
Factors that influence university graduates’ choice of postgraduate study
Enrolments in university certificate and postgraduate programmes have grown considerably during recent decades. This study assesses the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, characteristics of the university trajectory and the salary received after graduation and the decision to pursue postgraduate studies. Data for the analysis were obtained from a survey of graduates of 11 Chilean universities during 2021. Multinomial logistic…
When one degree isn’t enough: Analysing Chilean university graduates’ motivations for postgraduate studies
Determinants of study motivation of undergraduate university students in Chile
Students’ academic motivation is a critical factor in understanding the choices that they make over the course of their educational careers. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that determine students’ motivation to complete their undergraduate studies. Working with a sample of 2032 undergraduate students from 11 universities in Chile, an ordinal logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the effect of students’ soc…
Is Admission Enough? University Persistence of Students Admitted Through Affirmative Action Policies in Chile
The role of social capital in the job quality of Chilean university graduates
The over‐saturation of labour markets in some countries has led to a devaluation of university degrees and reshaped the factors determining employability for higher‐quality jobs. As a result, the social capital of graduates has emerged as an essential resource in addressing these challenges. This study examines the influence of social capital on the job quality of Chilean university graduates, distinguishing between first‐generation (FG) and cont…
Do universities contribute to reducing inequalities in the progression to postgraduate studies
Given the increasing devaluation of tertiary‐level qualifications, some university graduates have sought to enhance their employability by pursuing postgraduate studies. However, access to such opportunities remains influenced by their socioeconomic background. This study uses Bourdieu's concept of habitus to examine the role of the Chilean university system in access to postgraduate studies. By conceptualising graduates' social background as ind…
The effects of free tuition policy on university academic performance in Chile
In 2016 Chile initiated a policy of free tuition for students from families in the lower half of the income distribution to improve access to and completion of higher education. The empirical effectiveness of the policy has not yet been completely demonstrated. This study analysed the difference in levels of academic performance of students enrolled in 12 Chilean universities with and without free tuition. The study used a regression discontinuit…
Reasons for university dropout in Chile: Does Student Gender Play a Role
The reproduction of social inequality among university graduates in Chile
Aspectos extra-académicos que dificultan el desempeño académico en la universidad: Percepciones De Estudiantes Con Gratuidad
El objetivo del presente artículo fue identificar y comprender aspectos extraacadémicos que obstaculizan el desempeño académico de estudiantes universitarios chilenos beneficiarios de gratuidad. Se entrevistó a un total de 42 estudiantes matriculados en once universidades chilenas representativas del espectro nacional. A partir del análisis crítico del discurso, se identificaron aspectos obstaculizadores del desempeño académico de carácter famili…
Different universities for different students: Mapping the socioeconomic and academic segmentation of the Chilean university system
In both Europe and the United States, the expansion of university education has led to a process of differentiation among universities based on their quality, prestige and student composition. The differences between the institutions tend to be associated with students’ background, but it is unclear to what extent their segmentation reflects broader patterns of social stratification. This study analyzes the segmentation of the Chilean university …
Factors contributing to the (un)fulfilment of employment aspirations of recent Chilean university graduates
The benefits of growth in university enrolments are contingent on the articulation of university expansion with changes in other areas, particularly the economy. The costs of a mismatch are felt at the societal level, but especially by individual graduates. This article describes problems faced by professionals in one country that has experienced very rapid expansion of higher education in a highly privatised market economy. While not uniformly g…
Segmentation in higher education in Chile: Massification without equality
Fifty years ago, the expansion of access to higher education was expected to result in greater socio‐economic equality. Instead, segmentation in mass higher education systems has called into question the effective democratization of access to higher education. This phenomenon appeared first in higher income countries, allowing the identification of some factors that contribute to segmentation. This article seeks to provide evidence from the Chile…
The impact of bank loans on university student retention
Purpose This study analyzed the impact on the persistence of Chilean university students who had received a government-guaranteed loan (CAE). Design/methodology/approach Using academic and administrative data from 2016 to 2019, provided by 11 Chilean universities, a discrete-time survival model was constructed. The model was based on data of 5,276 students in the 2016 cohort and included sociodemographic variables, academic background prior to en…
Impact of university academic performance on financial returns to education in Chile
Satisfaction of university graduates: What does it tell us
Did free tuition change the choices of students applying for university admission
The impact of non-cognitive factors on admission to selective universities: The case of Chile
Some universities, often the most prestigious in a higher education system, select qualified applicants solely on the basis of their measured academic or cognitive abilities. The universities’ assumption is that these cognitive abilities are an accurate and complete measure of the applicants’ capacity to benefit from university study. This study assesses the extent to which the cognitive measures used are partially the result of other, non-cognit…
The relationship between class-based habitus and choice of university and field of study
Enrollments in higher education have expanded greatly, but without elimination of all forms of inequality. Research in industrialized countries has shown that the path students follow in their transition from secondary school continues to be associated with their social class. This study provides quantitative evidence of that relationship in a non-industrial country like Chile. Multinomial logistic and linear regression of university admission da…
What if privatising higher education becomes an issue? The case of Chile and Mexico
Over the last 30 years, Chile and Mexico have been implementing neoliberal policies to reform their higher education systems. This report compares the development and impact of those policies within three main areas in both countries, namely: (1) trends and characteristics of the growing private higher education sector, (2) commercialisation and business-like trends that private academia is experiencing and, finally, (3) it discusses how all this…
Factors that affect post-graduation satisfaction of Chilean university students
Universities’ reputations are built in part on graduates’ assessments of the quality of education they received. What do these assessments tell us? Are graduates’ judgments of quality based on their experiences as students or on their later job satisfaction, that is, on process or on outcomes? The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which Chilean university graduates’ satisfaction with their professional training is associated wit…
Mujeres Privadas De Libertad: Es Posible Su Reinserción Social
En las últimas décadas, la población femenina privada de libertad se ha incrementado de forma progresiva en la región latinoamericana. Ello ha generado una serie de problemas que han redundado en el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad en la ciudadanía. Bajo este escenario, resulta urgente identificar los perfiles y necesidades de este grupo, así como las particularidades a considerar en el diseño e implementación de programas de reinserción s…
Narratives as a way of conceptualising the field of comparative education
Based on the authors’ wide reading in the field, this article suggests the notion of the narrative as a fitting and meaningful way of conceptualising and mapping the field of comparative education. Four prominent narratives can be identified in not only the field of comparative education (and the scholarly discourse on education) but also the public discourse on education. These are the narratives of the capability theory, neoliberal economics, t…
Different universities for different students: Mapping the socioeconomic and academic segmentation of the Chilean university system
In both Europe and the United States, the expansion of university education has led to a process of differentiation among universities based on their quality, prestige and student composition. The differences between the institutions tend to be associated with students’ background, but it is unclear to what extent their segmentation reflects broader patterns of social stratification. This study analyzes the segmentation of the Chilean university …
The effects of free tuition on the persistence of university students in Chile
Engaging dropouts with differentiated practices: Some evidence from Chile
The objective of this study was to identify those activities that re-engage out-of-school youth who enrol in the so-called ‘recovery’ schools now operating in Chile. Recovery schools can offer different kinds of activities in order to engage their students; are some activities more effective than others? Is their effect moderated by the type of dropouts who participate? Chile recently opened a national programme of Second Opportunity Schools (Esc…
Alternative Education Programs for High School Age Students in Chile
The provision of “alternative” education is increasingly common in the countries of the world, but highly varied in its forms and coverage. In its commitment to provide education for all to age 18, Chile recently expanded its system of schools for teenage dropouts and has funded research on how best to educate these youth. This article, based on data from a national sample of 18 recently established Second Opportunity Centers, describes student c…
Evaluación de los programas de reescolarización en Chile: La Perspectiva De Los Estudiantes
Hoy en día nos vemos enfrentados al reto continuo de adaptarnos a las exigencias de un mundo en constante cambio. En este contexto, la educación adquiere una importancia fundamental, en especial los programas dirigidos a la población que por diversas razones no ha concluido sus estudios primarios y/o secundarios, ello considerando las consecuencias que la escolaridad incompleta tiene sobre estas personas. En este contexto, el presente artículo ti…
Privatisation, Domestic Marketisation and International Commercialisation of Higher Education: Vulnerabilities and opportunities for Chile and Romania within the framework of WTO/Gats
This chapter explores the processes of privatisation of higher education in Chile (after 1981) and Romania (after 1989), focusing on the emergence of private institutions, the expansion in enrolments in these institutions, and the relative increase in private sources of funding for the post‐secondary sub‐sector. Attention is also given to related trends in higher education in these two countries: domestic marketisation (a strengthening of an orie…
Aspectos extra-académicos que dificultan el desempeño académico en la universidad: Percepciones De Estudiantes Con Gratuidad
El objetivo del presente artículo fue identificar y comprender aspectos extraacadémicos que obstaculizan el desempeño académico de estudiantes universitarios chilenos beneficiarios de gratuidad. Se entrevistó a un total de 42 estudiantes matriculados en once universidades chilenas representativas del espectro nacional. A partir del análisis crítico del discurso, se identificaron aspectos obstaculizadores del desempeño académico de carácter famili…
Privatización de la educación superior en Chile: Consecuencias Y Lecciones Aprendidas
El artculo discute los efectos que ha generado el proceso de privatizacin del sistema terciario chileno impulsado por la dictadura de Pinochet a contar del ao 1981. A partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias se evala lo acontecido en materia de crecimiento de la plataforma institucional pblica y privada, de la matrcula de pregrado, de la oferta de carreras y de la oferta de profesionales. Junto con ello se analiza lo acontecido con el rgimen de …
Privatisation, Domestic Marketisation and International Commercialisation of Higher Education: Vulnerabilities and opportunities for Chile and Romania within the framework of WTO/Gats
This chapter explores the processes of privatisation of higher education in Chile (after 1981) and Romania (after 1989), focusing on the emergence of private institutions, the expansion in enrolments in these institutions, and the relative increase in private sources of funding for the post‐secondary sub‐sector. Attention is also given to related trends in higher education in these two countries: domestic marketisation (a strengthening of an orie…
Solving the equity–equality conceptual dilemma: A new model for analysis of the educational process
Background Over the past four decades there have been a number of controversies arising from the discussion of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’. These concepts are often invoked by policy analysts, policy-makers, government officials and scholars in order to justify or critique resource allocation to different levels of the educational system. Purpose By creating a new equality–equity goal-oriented model, which allows the combination of different dimensio…
Educación de Adultos e inclusión social en Chile
Pese al gran volumen de población con escolaridad incompleta que se observa en la actualidad en Chile, la re-escolarización no ha constituido una prioridad para los gobiernos. El presente artículo analiza el perfil de los estudiantes que frecuentan este tipo de programas y su grado de inclusión social a dinámicas sociales. La caracterización se hizo por medio de una encuesta a beneficiarios de programas de re-escolarización y de un índice de incl…
What if privatising higher education becomes an issue? The case of Chile and Mexico
Over the last 30 years, Chile and Mexico have been implementing neoliberal policies to reform their higher education systems. This report compares the development and impact of those policies within three main areas in both countries, namely: (1) trends and characteristics of the growing private higher education sector, (2) commercialisation and business-like trends that private academia is experiencing and, finally, (3) it discusses how all this…
Tamizaje nacional unificado de hipotiroidismo congénito en el Perú: Un programa inexistente
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most important cause of preventable mental retardation. The prevalence of CH varies by geographic region, race and ethnicity. In the countries of the Northern hemisphere, the prevalence has been reported as 1:4,000 live newborns. The prevalence is remarkably different among the countries of Latin America not only because of their different races and ethnicities but also because of the heterogeneous social-eco…
La Investigación en/sobre Políticas Educacionales en Chile: Panoramas y Perspectivas
El propsito del presente artculo es discutir y analizar cul es la situacin (contexto) que caracteriza en la actualidad a la investigacin en poltica educativa en Chile e identificar el marco de referencia que la gua. Junto con ello se propone verificar qu y cmo se investiga, as como indagar acerca de las dificultades y fortalezas que presenta la investigacin en polticas educativas en Chile y los desafos que debera asumir en el futuro inmediato par…
Evaluación de los programas de reescolarización en Chile: La Perspectiva De Los Estudiantes
Hoy en día nos vemos enfrentados al reto continuo de adaptarnos a las exigencias de un mundo en constante cambio. En este contexto, la educación adquiere una importancia fundamental, en especial los programas dirigidos a la población que por diversas razones no ha concluido sus estudios primarios y/o secundarios, ello considerando las consecuencias que la escolaridad incompleta tiene sobre estas personas. En este contexto, el presente artículo ti…
Mujeres Privadas De Libertad: Es Posible Su Reinserción Social
En las últimas décadas, la población femenina privada de libertad se ha incrementado de forma progresiva en la región latinoamericana. Ello ha generado una serie de problemas que han redundado en el aumento de la percepción de inseguridad en la ciudadanía. Bajo este escenario, resulta urgente identificar los perfiles y necesidades de este grupo, así como las particularidades a considerar en el diseño e implementación de programas de reinserción s…
Privatización de la educación superior en Chile: Consecuencias Y Lecciones Aprendidas
El artculo discute los efectos que ha generado el proceso de privatizacin del sistema terciario chileno impulsado por la dictadura de Pinochet a contar del ao 1981. A partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias se evala lo acontecido en materia de crecimiento de la plataforma institucional pblica y privada, de la matrcula de pregrado, de la oferta de carreras y de la oferta de profesionales. Junto con ello se analiza lo acontecido con el rgimen de …
Educación de adultos en Chile: Percepciones Y Valoraciones De Sus Beneficiarios
El propósito del artículo es analizar las percepciones de los beneficiarios de la principal modalidad de educación de adultos en Chile respecto de su experiencia educativa. El estudio se basa en un enfoque empírico analítico, y diseño no experimental. La muestra cuantitativa se obtuvo por conglomerados representativos de centros educativos de Santiago de Chile y permitió encuestar a 252 individuos que asisten a la modalidad regular. La muestra cu…
Valoración De La Formación Académica Y De La Inserción Laboral en Titulados De Pedagogía en Educación Básica en Chile1
La expansión del acceso a la educación superior universitaria ha representado un avance para la integración de grupos tradicionalmente excluidos en Chile. Sin embargo, la apertura del acceso resulta insuficiente para asegurar la equidad del sistema de educación superior. Bajo esta premisa, el artículo se ocupa de indagar en torno a la formación académica y la inserción laboral desde la percepción de los titulados, considerando que esas dimensione…
Condicionantes de la retención estudiantil en "escuelas de segunda oportunidad" en Chile
The purpose of this article is to understand the perceptions that students, teachers and principals have regarding the aspects that affect the educational retention of adolescents who attend "second chance schools†in Santiago, Chile. The information collected for the study comes from 56 semi-structured interviews with students, teachers and principals in each of the selected Integrated Education Centers for Young People and Adults. The transcript…
Should universities train teachers for employability or for effectiveness
Factors that affect post-graduation satisfaction of Chilean university students
Universities’ reputations are built in part on graduates’ assessments of the quality of education they received. What do these assessments tell us? Are graduates’ judgments of quality based on their experiences as students or on their later job satisfaction, that is, on process or on outcomes? The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which Chilean university graduates’ satisfaction with their professional training is associated wit…
Formación y desempeño profesional de profesores en el nivel escolar: Percepciones de los empleadores
El artículo da cuenta de la percepción de los empleadores sobre el desempeño de recién titulados de pedagogía en educación básica, provenientes de universidades chilenas que ostentan distinto nivel de selectividad. Se utiliza un diseño cualitativo, con entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en 2017 y 2018. Se concluye que el desempeño laboral de los docentes está mediado por el grado de selectividad de las instituciones formadoras. Persisten conce…
Alternative Education Programs for High School Age Students in Chile
The provision of “alternative” education is increasingly common in the countries of the world, but highly varied in its forms and coverage. In its commitment to provide education for all to age 18, Chile recently expanded its system of schools for teenage dropouts and has funded research on how best to educate these youth. This article, based on data from a national sample of 18 recently established Second Opportunity Centers, describes student c…
Engaging dropouts with differentiated practices: Some evidence from Chile
The objective of this study was to identify those activities that re-engage out-of-school youth who enrol in the so-called ‘recovery’ schools now operating in Chile. Recovery schools can offer different kinds of activities in order to engage their students; are some activities more effective than others? Is their effect moderated by the type of dropouts who participate? Chile recently opened a national programme of Second Opportunity Schools (Esc…
Se asocia la calidad de las tesinas a la selectividad
La selectividad de las universidades otorga información relevante para ponderar su calidad. Se esperaría que la mayor o menor calidad del proceso formativo abarque todos los aspectos académicos, incluyendo las tesinas desarrolladas por estudiantes que cursan carreras de pregrado. La investigación que se reporta en este artículo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la calidad de las tesinas en carreras de Psicología en tres universidades chilenas con distint…
Reducing inequality in access to university in Chile: The relative contribution of cultural capital and financial aid
Narratives as a way of conceptualising the field of comparative education
Based on the authors’ wide reading in the field, this article suggests the notion of the narrative as a fitting and meaningful way of conceptualising and mapping the field of comparative education. Four prominent narratives can be identified in not only the field of comparative education (and the scholarly discourse on education) but also the public discourse on education. These are the narratives of the capability theory, neoliberal economics, t…
The effects of free tuition on the persistence of university students in Chile
The relationship between class-based habitus and choice of university and field of study
Enrollments in higher education have expanded greatly, but without elimination of all forms of inequality. Research in industrialized countries has shown that the path students follow in their transition from secondary school continues to be associated with their social class. This study provides quantitative evidence of that relationship in a non-industrial country like Chile. Multinomial logistic and linear regression of university admission da…
Classification of Dropouts to Improve Student Re-Engagement: The Case of Chilean Secondary Opportunity Centers
Chile offers high school dropouts a chance to graduate through enrollment in Second Opportunity Centers, located in cities ranging in population from 5 million inhabitants to less than 100,000. Participants in 18 centers were classified into four distinct classes based on their family situation, handicaps, employment, experience with discrimination, and ambitions. Students were compared with respect to their satisfaction with Center activities. S…
Factors contributing to the (un)fulfilment of employment aspirations of recent Chilean university graduates
The benefits of growth in university enrolments are contingent on the articulation of university expansion with changes in other areas, particularly the economy. The costs of a mismatch are felt at the societal level, but especially by individual graduates. This article describes problems faced by professionals in one country that has experienced very rapid expansion of higher education in a highly privatised market economy. While not uniformly g…
Segmentation in higher education in Chile: Massification without equality
Fifty years ago, the expansion of access to higher education was expected to result in greater socio‐economic equality. Instead, segmentation in mass higher education systems has called into question the effective democratization of access to higher education. This phenomenon appeared first in higher income countries, allowing the identification of some factors that contribute to segmentation. This article seeks to provide evidence from the Chile…
Political science (27 works) · Higher education (24 works) · Psychology (24 works) · Higher Education Research Studies (23 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Mathematics education (18 works) · Economics (17 works) · Economic growth (13 works) · Pedagogy (12 works) · Educational Outcomes and Influences (11 works)