Franklin J Boster
Biographic Data
| ID | 89029 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Franklin J Boster |
| GIVEN NAMES | Franklin J |
| FAMILY NAME | Boster |
| SIGNATURE | BOSTER F J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Michigan State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3286-2743 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 213 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
On the problems of construct proliferation and redundancy: A discussion of problems and various solutions
In this paper, it is asserted that construct proliferation and redundancy constitute widespread problems in need of remediation. In making this argument, numerous theoretical and empirical problems that stem directly from construct proliferation and redundancy are noted. Moreover, the merits of different solutions are reviewed, and recommendations are provided regarding the desirability and feasibility of each solution. Ultimately, we hope this p…
Beware the default: Some statistical packages correlate model errors automatically
In this brief report, we show that when performing structural equation modeling, substantive conclusions may differ drastically depending on the statistical program that is used. This can occur because some programs assume that certain model errors are correlated by default, whereas others do not. We argue that the uncritical use of statistical software can lead to situations in which incorrect inferences are made
Development and validation of the Female Gamer Stereotypes Scale
Female gamers belong to a stereotyped social group. The stereotypes associated with female gamers may be associated with issues such as sexism and gender discrimination in the gaming community. However, few tools exist to properly assess the complex nature of the stereotypes held about this group. The present paper describes the development and validation of the Female Gamer Stereotypes Scale (FGSS), which offers a multifaceted measure of the ste…
The dynamic theory of reasoned action: Evidence for a reverse causal process in the context of WHO handwashing guidelines
OBJECTIVE: This study provided a first empirical test of the Reverse Dynamic Theory of Reasoned Action (RDTRA) developed by Boster et al. DESIGN: In a longitudinal experiment, 169 participants were exposed to a WHO handwashing-guidelines behavioural induction, followed by an immediate posttest and a follow-up one week later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study measured attitudes and norms about WHO handwashing guidelines, as well as self-reported ha…
Assessing the Effects of Partisan Bias at the Group Level of Analysis: A Hidden Profile Experiment
Although there is some evidence in the political arena that pooling information can overcome individual biases to improve decision-making accuracy, research from the group communication and psychology arenas suggests otherwise. Specifically, research on the hidden profile, a group-level decision-making problem, suggests that groups are decidedly biased when making decisions. This laboratory experiment tested whether or not partisan biases manifes…
Communicating to Influence Perceptions of Social Stigma: Implications for the Use of Signs by the Homeless as a Means of Soliciting Funds
Homelessness is an important social problem in many countries, including the United States. The plight of the homeless is compounded by a high level of stigma associated with the homeless. This study examines the effects of humorous and nonhumorous signs used by the homeless to attract donations. Study 1 shows that nonhumorous signs attracted 10 times as much money as humorous signs. Study 2 shows that subjects felt more comfortable in the presen…
Effect of Test-Taking Venue and Response Format on Political Knowledge Tests
This experiment examined the effect of testing venue (online vs. classroom) and test format (multiple choice, true/false, open-ended) on performance on a test of political knowledge. Political knowledge test scores were higher in the online open-ended condition than in the classroom open-ended condition, with no evidence of venue differences for the multiple-choice or true/false format. This pattern is consistent with self-deceptive enhancement m…
The Relationship Between Message Recall and Persuasion: More Complex Than It Seems
A strong message recall-attitude relationship was predicted when participants were induced to use memory-based processing to form their attitudes but not when induced to use on-line processing after exposure to a persuasive message. The recall-attitude correlation in the memory-based conditions was expected to be positive when the arguments were strong and negative when they were weak; 240 participants participated in a study to test these predic…
The Effect of Prenatal Sex Hormones on the Development of Verbal Aggression: 2D:4D and Verbal Aggression
This article considers the neuroendocrine factors leading to systematic differences in trait verbal aggression (VA). Verbally aggressive people produce messages that attack the self-concept of another (D. A. Infante & C. J. Wigley, 1986). A neuroendocrine factor, prenatal androgen exposure (PNAE), was proposed as a possible predictor of VA. To explore this possibility, the relationship between the ratio between the length of the second digit and …
Identifying Influence: Development and Validation of the Connectivity, Persuasiveness, and Maven Scales
The use of influential network members to facilitate the process of behavioral change has long been a goal of communication campaign designers, particularly in health settings. In a series of 3 studies, measures of 3 types of influential others (those who are highly connected, persuasive, and informed) who play an important role in the dissemination of information through social networks are developed and validated. Across studies, the data were,…
The Prevalence of Lying in America: Three Studies of Self-Reported Lies
Journal Article The Prevalence of Lying in America: Three Studies of Self-Reported Lies Get access Kim B. Serota, Kim B. Serota 1Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Timothy R. Levine, Timothy R. Levine 1Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA 1Corresponding author: Timothy R. Levine; …
Understanding the Influence of Others on Perceptions of a Message's Advocacy: Testing a Two-Step Model
Asch proposed that contextual information changes how people interpret objects under evaluation. This paper extended his insight by merging range–frequency theory and the linear discrepancy model into a two-step model of social influence. In the first step, people interpret a message's advocated position differently with knowledge of how other people interpreted the message than without this knowledge. In the second step, peoples’ interpretations…
Effects of Gain Versus Loss Frame Antidrug Ads on Adolescents
Improving the effectiveness of antidrug ads is an important public health concern. Central to achieving this aim is identifying the message strategies that address the differential characteristics of adolescent audiences. This study examined the effects of gain versus loss frame antidrug ads on adolescents with different social and behavioral characteristics. A posttest-only experiment was conducted to examine if these audience factors moderate t…
The Roles of Obligation and Gratitude in Explaining the Effect of Favors on Compliance This paper is based on the first author's doctoral dissertation and was presented at the International Communicat…
Several studies suggest that providing a favor to a target before making a direct request for compliance is more effective than making a direct request alone. The most widely accepted explanation for this effect is that receiving favors causes beneficiaries to feel obligated to repay. Another potential explanation is that beneficiaries comply out of gratitude to the benefactor. Past conceptualizations frequently confound obligation and gratitude …
Adolescents' Decisions About Verbal and Physical Aggression: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action
This investigation examines the ability of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to explain and predict adolescents' verbal (i.e., insulting) and physical (i.e., fighting) aggression, as well as behaviors that encourage aggression such as watching a fight or telling others about a fight that is going to happen. Subjects were 488 seventh-grade boys and girls enrolled in 2 public junior high schools in a large Midwestern U.S. city. Subjects completed…
On Making Progress in Communication Science
This essay advances practices for designing, analyzing, and reporting communication research. The arguments presented center around improving researchers' abilities to cumulate results across studies, but also apply to improving the utility of the individual study. Practices advocated include: (a) sophistication, falsification, and replication as important criteria for evaluating research design; (b) diminishing the importance of the null hypothe…
The impact of varying argument quality and minority size on influencing the majority and perceptions of the minority
Past minority influence research has found that the number of minority subgroup members and argument quality can affect the likelihood of the minority subgroup being able to influence the majority subgroup. How minority size and argument quality affect minority influence and perceptions of the minority is addressed in this study. Confederates were used to vary argument quality and the size of the minority subgroup while keeping consistency of pre…
To match or mismatch? that is only one important question
This study examined the experiential attitude function-an attitude based on past experience(s)-and tested whether a message targeted at this function would elicit attitude change. Each of 139 undergraduates was assigned randomly to one of four conditions in which a fictitious Executive Committee for Academic Integrity (ECAI) report, written for a university president, supplied strong or weak arguments. Furthermore, these messages either argued th…
Modeling the ego-defensive function of attitudes
Studying the psychological needs served by holding certain attitudes is the focus of the functional approach to attitudinal research. One function evidenced consistently in attitudinal studies is the ego-defensive function. Attitudes serving an ego-defensive function protect one's self-concept from counterattitudinal messages about the self. This paper presents an alternative perspective for understanding the ego-defensive function by conceiving …
The effectiveness of an altruistic appeal in the presence and absence of favors
A substantial corpus of research examining the norm of reciprocity leads to the prediction that doing a favor for another will enhance the probability that that other will comply with a subsequent request made by the favor provider. Experiments have reported data consistent with this prediction, but in these experiments the requests have been pro-social. Other dynamics may be involved, however, when the request is anti-social. Additionally, parti…
Matching messages to the values underlying value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes: Reconciling an old theory with a contemporary measurement approach
Functional theory defines value-expressive attitudes as attitudes that are formed to aid in the achievement of one's values, and social-adjustive attitudes as attitudes that are formed from the desire to affiliate with others. The current investigation argues that both functions are based in a person's values, with the social-adjustive function being a specific form of a value-expressive attitude. Contemporary approaches to this theory have argue…
To match or mismatch? that is only one important question
This study examined the experiential attitude function--an attitude based on past experience(s)-and tested whether a message targeted at this function would elicit attitude change. Each of 139 undergraduates was assigned randomly to one of four conditions in which a fictitious Executive Committee for Academic Integrity (ECAI) report, written for a university president, supplied strong or weak arguments. Furthermore, these messages either argued t…
The effects of power and message variables on compliance
The study investigated the empirical relationships among social power, message behavior, and compliance. A conceptualization of social power from power dependency theory was offered, and two models of the general relations among these constructs were advanced. They included a mediation model and a moderating model. These issues were investigated by having 108 subjects participate in a bargaining experiment where power was controlled by systematic…
The impact of guilt and type of compliance‐gaining message on compliance
Consistent with Cialdini's Negative State Relief Model it has been established repeatedly that targets of compliance‐gaining attempts comply with a request to help more frequently when those targets feel guilty than when they do not feel guilty. Expanding upon this result it was predicted that to the extent that a compliance‐gaining message serves as a cue to link compliance with the restoration of positive or neutral affect, the compliance rate …
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis Mark A. Hamilton, Mark A. Hamilton 1Associate professor of communication sciences at the University of Connecticut. John E. Hunter is a professor of psychology at Michigan State University. Franklin J. Boster is an associate professor of communication at Michigan State University. Portions of this essay were presented at meetings of the lnternational Commu…
The Prevalence of Lying in America: Three Studies of Self-Reported Lies
Journal Article The Prevalence of Lying in America: Three Studies of Self-Reported Lies Get access Kim B. Serota, Kim B. Serota 1Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Timothy R. Levine, Timothy R. Levine 1Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA 1Corresponding author: Timothy R. Levine; …
Compliance-Gaining Message Selection Behavior
Past compliance-gaining message selection experiments were reviewed, and three strong predictors of persons' compliance-gaining message choices emerged: (1) benefit to other, (2) negativism, and (3) dogmatism. Two major procedural limitations of these studies were identified: (1) a lack of realism, and (2) a lack of attention to change in the use of compliance-gaining messages. Thus an experiment without these limitations was designed. Subjects (…
On Making Progress in Communication Science
This essay advances practices for designing, analyzing, and reporting communication research. The arguments presented center around improving researchers' abilities to cumulate results across studies, but also apply to improving the utility of the individual study. Practices advocated include: (a) sophistication, falsification, and replication as important criteria for evaluating research design; (b) diminishing the importance of the null hypothe…
A model of compliance‐gaining message selection
This paper examines the dimensionality of compliance‐gaining message use ratings. Data from three studies are reanalyzed. The reanalyses suggest that the multidimensional solutions presented in these studies are spurious. Instead, a unidimensional model is shown to fit the data. This model predicts a nonlinear regression of compliance‐gaining message use ratings onto total compliance‐gaining message use score. Nonlinearity causes the regression o…
Effect of Test-Taking Venue and Response Format on Political Knowledge Tests
This experiment examined the effect of testing venue (online vs. classroom) and test format (multiple choice, true/false, open-ended) on performance on a test of political knowledge. Political knowledge test scores were higher in the online open-ended condition than in the classroom open-ended condition, with no evidence of venue differences for the multiple-choice or true/false format. This pattern is consistent with self-deceptive enhancement m…
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis Mark A. Hamilton, Mark A. Hamilton 1Associate professor of communication sciences at the University of Connecticut. John E. Hunter is a professor of psychology at Michigan State University. Franklin J. Boster is an associate professor of communication at Michigan State University. Portions of this essay were presented at meetings of the lnternational Commu…
Cognitive processing: Additional thoughts and a reply to Petty, Kasmer, Haugtvedt, and Cacioppo
Modeling the ego-defensive function of attitudes
Studying the psychological needs served by holding certain attitudes is the focus of the functional approach to attitudinal research. One function evidenced consistently in attitudinal studies is the ego-defensive function. Attitudes serving an ego-defensive function protect one's self-concept from counterattitudinal messages about the self. This paper presents an alternative perspective for understanding the ego-defensive function by conceiving …
Choice Shifts: Argument Qualities or Social Comparisons
Machiavellian beliefs and personality: Construct invalidity of the Machiavellianism dimension
Expanding the Persuasive Arguments Explanation of the Polarity Shift: A Linear Discrepancy Model
In this paper the persuasive arguments explanation of the polarity shift is expanded by articulating the process by which group members come to a decision. This process is hypothesized to be a persuasion process. It is suggested that persons modify their opinions as a linear function of the discrepancy between their opinion and the opinions advanced by others; the greater this discrepancy the greater the opinion change. This model is termed the l…
Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages
(1984). Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 330-375
The impact of guilt and type of compliance‐gaining message on compliance
Consistent with Cialdini's Negative State Relief Model it has been established repeatedly that targets of compliance‐gaining attempts comply with a request to help more frequently when those targets feel guilty than when they do not feel guilty. Expanding upon this result it was predicted that to the extent that a compliance‐gaining message serves as a cue to link compliance with the restoration of positive or neutral affect, the compliance rate …
An Information-Processing Model of Jury Decision Making
An experiment was designed to test a model of jury decision making. This model, the linear discrepancy model, is an information-processing model which posits that when jurors hear an argument during deliberation, they adjust their opinion toward the message. The amount of change is a linear function of the discrepancy between the opinion expressed in the message and the jurors' opinions. An unequal-speaking version of this model, contrasting the …
The Roles of Obligation and Gratitude in Explaining the Effect of Favors on Compliance This paper is based on the first author's doctoral dissertation and was presented at the International Communicat…
Several studies suggest that providing a favor to a target before making a direct request for compliance is more effective than making a direct request alone. The most widely accepted explanation for this effect is that receiving favors causes beneficiaries to feel obligated to repay. Another potential explanation is that beneficiaries comply out of gratitude to the benefactor. Past conceptualizations frequently confound obligation and gratitude …
Matching messages to the values underlying value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes: Reconciling an old theory with a contemporary measurement approach
Functional theory defines value-expressive attitudes as attitudes that are formed to aid in the achievement of one's values, and social-adjustive attitudes as attitudes that are formed from the desire to affiliate with others. The current investigation argues that both functions are based in a person's values, with the social-adjustive function being a specific form of a value-expressive attitude. Contemporary approaches to this theory have argue…
Collectivism-Individualism in Perceptions of Speech Rate: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
A cross-cultural comparison was made to investigate the relative effects of speech rate in Korea and the United States for perceptions of the speaker's credibility. Employing a three-way factorial design (Speech Rate x Speaker Gender x Culture Type), this study found that rapid delivery can be used as an effective means of enhancing one's credibility in the United States and that this principle can be generalized to Korean female speakers. On the…
The effectiveness of an altruistic appeal in the presence and absence of favors
A substantial corpus of research examining the norm of reciprocity leads to the prediction that doing a favor for another will enhance the probability that that other will comply with a subsequent request made by the favor provider. Experiments have reported data consistent with this prediction, but in these experiments the requests have been pro-social. Other dynamics may be involved, however, when the request is anti-social. Additionally, parti…
The effects of power and message variables on compliance
The study investigated the empirical relationships among social power, message behavior, and compliance. A conceptualization of social power from power dependency theory was offered, and two models of the general relations among these constructs were advanced. They included a mediation model and a moderating model. These issues were investigated by having 108 subjects participate in a bargaining experiment where power was controlled by systematic…
Understanding the Influence of Others on Perceptions of a Message's Advocacy: Testing a Two-Step Model
Asch proposed that contextual information changes how people interpret objects under evaluation. This paper extended his insight by merging range–frequency theory and the linear discrepancy model into a two-step model of social influence. In the first step, people interpret a message's advocated position differently with knowledge of how other people interpreted the message than without this knowledge. In the second step, peoples’ interpretations…
Methodological issues in legal communication research: What can trial simulations tell us
Drawing partially upon examples from a four‐year program of research dealing with the use of videotape in courtroom trials, this paper critically discusses three aspects of trial simulations used to study juror responses: (1) the individuals used as jurors, as well as their expectations concerning the juror task; (2) the amount of information provided for jurors, as well as the primary medium by which it is communicated; and (3) the presence or a…
Expanding the Persuasive Arguments Explanation of the Polarity Shift: A Linear Discrepancy Model
In this paper the persuasive arguments explanation of the polarity shift is expanded by articulating the process by which group members come to a decision. This process is hypothesized to be a persuasion process. It is suggested that persons modify their opinions as a linear function of the discrepancy between their opinion and the opinions advanced by others; the greater this discrepancy the greater the opinion change. This model is termed the l…
An Unequal Speaking Linear Discrepancy Model: Implications for Polarity Shift
Machiavellian beliefs and personality: Construct invalidity of the Machiavellianism dimension
Methodological issues in legal communication research: What can trial simulations tell us
Drawing partially upon examples from a four‐year program of research dealing with the use of videotape in courtroom trials, this paper critically discusses three aspects of trial simulations used to study juror responses: (1) the individuals used as jurors, as well as their expectations concerning the juror task; (2) the amount of information provided for jurors, as well as the primary medium by which it is communicated; and (3) the presence or a…
Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages
(1984). Fear-Arousing Persuasive Messages. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 330-375
Choice Shifts: Argument Qualities or Social Comparisons
Compliance-Gaining Message Selection Behavior
Past compliance-gaining message selection experiments were reviewed, and three strong predictors of persons' compliance-gaining message choices emerged: (1) benefit to other, (2) negativism, and (3) dogmatism. Two major procedural limitations of these studies were identified: (1) a lack of realism, and (2) a lack of attention to change in the use of compliance-gaining messages. Thus an experiment without these limitations was designed. Subjects (…
Electronic Leisure: Video Game Usage and the Communication Climate of Video Arcades
A model of compliance‐gaining message selection
This paper examines the dimensionality of compliance‐gaining message use ratings. Data from three studies are reanalyzed. The reanalyses suggest that the multidimensional solutions presented in these studies are spurious. Instead, a unidimensional model is shown to fit the data. This model predicts a nonlinear regression of compliance‐gaining message use ratings onto total compliance‐gaining message use score. Nonlinearity causes the regression o…
Cognitive processing: Additional thoughts and a reply to Petty, Kasmer, Haugtvedt, and Cacioppo
Group Argument, Social Pressure, and the Making of Group Decisions
An Information-Processing Model of Jury Decision Making
An experiment was designed to test a model of jury decision making. This model, the linear discrepancy model, is an information-processing model which posits that when jurors hear an argument during deliberation, they adjust their opinion toward the message. The amount of change is a linear function of the discrepancy between the opinion expressed in the message and the jurors' opinions. An unequal-speaking version of this model, contrasting the …
Collectivism-Individualism in Perceptions of Speech Rate: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
A cross-cultural comparison was made to investigate the relative effects of speech rate in Korea and the United States for perceptions of the speaker's credibility. Employing a three-way factorial design (Speech Rate x Speaker Gender x Culture Type), this study found that rapid delivery can be used as an effective means of enhancing one's credibility in the United States and that this principle can be generalized to Korean female speakers. On the…
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis
The Elaboration Likelihood Model as a Theory of Attitude Formation: A Mathematical Analysis Mark A. Hamilton, Mark A. Hamilton 1Associate professor of communication sciences at the University of Connecticut. John E. Hunter is a professor of psychology at Michigan State University. Franklin J. Boster is an associate professor of communication at Michigan State University. Portions of this essay were presented at meetings of the lnternational Commu…
The impact of guilt and type of compliance‐gaining message on compliance
Consistent with Cialdini's Negative State Relief Model it has been established repeatedly that targets of compliance‐gaining attempts comply with a request to help more frequently when those targets feel guilty than when they do not feel guilty. Expanding upon this result it was predicted that to the extent that a compliance‐gaining message serves as a cue to link compliance with the restoration of positive or neutral affect, the compliance rate …
The impact of varying argument quality and minority size on influencing the majority and perceptions of the minority
Past minority influence research has found that the number of minority subgroup members and argument quality can affect the likelihood of the minority subgroup being able to influence the majority subgroup. How minority size and argument quality affect minority influence and perceptions of the minority is addressed in this study. Confederates were used to vary argument quality and the size of the minority subgroup while keeping consistency of pre…
To match or mismatch? that is only one important question
This study examined the experiential attitude function-an attitude based on past experience(s)-and tested whether a message targeted at this function would elicit attitude change. Each of 139 undergraduates was assigned randomly to one of four conditions in which a fictitious Executive Committee for Academic Integrity (ECAI) report, written for a university president, supplied strong or weak arguments. Furthermore, these messages either argued th…
Modeling the ego-defensive function of attitudes
Studying the psychological needs served by holding certain attitudes is the focus of the functional approach to attitudinal research. One function evidenced consistently in attitudinal studies is the ego-defensive function. Attitudes serving an ego-defensive function protect one's self-concept from counterattitudinal messages about the self. This paper presents an alternative perspective for understanding the ego-defensive function by conceiving …
The effectiveness of an altruistic appeal in the presence and absence of favors
A substantial corpus of research examining the norm of reciprocity leads to the prediction that doing a favor for another will enhance the probability that that other will comply with a subsequent request made by the favor provider. Experiments have reported data consistent with this prediction, but in these experiments the requests have been pro-social. Other dynamics may be involved, however, when the request is anti-social. Additionally, parti…
Matching messages to the values underlying value-expressive and social-adjustive attitudes: Reconciling an old theory with a contemporary measurement approach
Functional theory defines value-expressive attitudes as attitudes that are formed to aid in the achievement of one's values, and social-adjustive attitudes as attitudes that are formed from the desire to affiliate with others. The current investigation argues that both functions are based in a person's values, with the social-adjustive function being a specific form of a value-expressive attitude. Contemporary approaches to this theory have argue…
To match or mismatch? that is only one important question
This study examined the experiential attitude function--an attitude based on past experience(s)-and tested whether a message targeted at this function would elicit attitude change. Each of 139 undergraduates was assigned randomly to one of four conditions in which a fictitious Executive Committee for Academic Integrity (ECAI) report, written for a university president, supplied strong or weak arguments. Furthermore, these messages either argued t…
The effects of power and message variables on compliance
The study investigated the empirical relationships among social power, message behavior, and compliance. A conceptualization of social power from power dependency theory was offered, and two models of the general relations among these constructs were advanced. They included a mediation model and a moderating model. These issues were investigated by having 108 subjects participate in a bargaining experiment where power was controlled by systematic…
On Making Progress in Communication Science
This essay advances practices for designing, analyzing, and reporting communication research. The arguments presented center around improving researchers' abilities to cumulate results across studies, but also apply to improving the utility of the individual study. Practices advocated include: (a) sophistication, falsification, and replication as important criteria for evaluating research design; (b) diminishing the importance of the null hypothe…
Adolescents' Decisions About Verbal and Physical Aggression: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action
This investigation examines the ability of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to explain and predict adolescents' verbal (i.e., insulting) and physical (i.e., fighting) aggression, as well as behaviors that encourage aggression such as watching a fight or telling others about a fight that is going to happen. Subjects were 488 seventh-grade boys and girls enrolled in 2 public junior high schools in a large Midwestern U.S. city. Subjects completed…
The Roles of Obligation and Gratitude in Explaining the Effect of Favors on Compliance This paper is based on the first author's doctoral dissertation and was presented at the International Communicat…
Several studies suggest that providing a favor to a target before making a direct request for compliance is more effective than making a direct request alone. The most widely accepted explanation for this effect is that receiving favors causes beneficiaries to feel obligated to repay. Another potential explanation is that beneficiaries comply out of gratitude to the benefactor. Past conceptualizations frequently confound obligation and gratitude …
Psychology (34 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (14 works) · Political science (13 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Statistics (8 works) · Communication in Education and Healthcare (7 works) · Function (biology (7 works)