M Bygren
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 13860 |
|---|---|
| NOME | M Bygren |
| PRENOMES | M |
| SOBRENOME | Bygren |
| ASSINATURA | BYGREN M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Stockholm University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4398-5033 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 194 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The When and Whereabouts of Gender Hiring Discrimination
The aim of this article is to explore the circumstances leading employers to discriminate by gender and parenthood, contributing to the broader aim at increasing our understanding about the mechanisms underlying gender inequality in the labor market. Previous Swedish (and many international) studies show that employers are about equally likely to hire men and women. These results tend to refer, however, to data based on aggregates of branches, oc…
The making of ethnic segregation on the labor market—evidence from a field experiment
Western labor markets are typically segregated by country of birth, with immigrants often employed in roles such as cleaners, taxi drivers, and fast-food cooks. We examine whether employers are more likely to select immigrants for these low-skilled jobs. We use data from correspondence tests conducted in Sweden in the 2010s, with about 7,000 job applications submitted. While ethnic discrimination is widespread in occupations dominated by native-b…
Is there a rating bias of job candidates based on gender and parenthood? A laboratory experiment on hiring for an accounting job
Biased practices by employers have been suggested as one possible cause for the observed gender disparities in labor market outcomes. While US-based laboratory experiments show a clear motherhood penalty in recruitment, European laboratory experiments on the topic are to our knowledge lacking. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 228 university students to study a potential gender bias in the evaluation of (fictitious) job candidates for an …
The opportunity structure of segregation
It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents' country of birth and level of education…
Are Women Discriminated Against in Countries with Extensive Family Policies? A Piece of the “Welfare State Paradox” Puzzle from Sweden
A common assumption in comparative family policy studies is that employers statistically discriminate against women in countries with dual-earner family policy models. The empirical evidence cited in support of this assumption has exclusively been observational data, which should not be relied on to identify employer discrimination. In contrast, we investigate whether employers discriminate against women in Sweden—frequently viewed as epitomizing…
Does employer discrimination contribute to the subordinate labor market inclusion of individuals of a foreign background
Advanced labor markets are typically stratified by origin with a majority ethnic group occupying more desirable (high-skilled) positions and subordinated ethnic minorities occupying less desirable (low-skilled) positions. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether employer recruitment choices reinforce these patterns. This would be the case if employers were more reluctant to hire subordinate minority job applicants for high-skilled position…
Biased grades? Changes in grading after a blinding of examinations reform
Group differences in average grades prior to and after a step-wise introduction of blinded examinations at Stockholm University are examined. Relative to students with ‘native’ names, students with ‘foreign’ names appear to experience weak positive bias in the grading of their examinations, but the estimated effect is sensitive to model specification. No substantial effects of blinding examinations with respect to male-female gaps are found. The …
The Constant Gap
We know that parenthood has different consequences for men’s and women’s careers. Still, the research remains inconclusive on the question of whether this is mainly a consequence of a fatherhood premium, a motherhood penalty, or both. A common assumption is that women fall behind in terms of pay when they become mothers. Based on longitudinal data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU), and individual fixed-effects models, we examine the s…
Elite Schools, Elite Ambitions? The Consequences of Secondary-Level School Choice Sorting for Tertiary-Level Educational Choices
We ask if school choice, through its effect on sorting across schools, affects high school graduates' application decisions to higher education. We exploit a school choice reform that dramatically increased achievement sorting across secondary schools in the municipality of Stockholm, employing a before-after design with a control group of students in similar schools located outside this municipality. The reform had a close to zero mean effect on…
Can the trailing spouse phenomenon be explained by employer recruitment choices
It is well known that couples tend to relocate for the sake of the man's career rather than the woman's, also known as the “trailing spouse phenomenon.” The role of employer choices in this process is unknown however. If employers are hesitant to make job offers to women who live a long way from the workplace (e.g., because of work–family balance concerns or a perceived risk that they will not follow through on their applications, or stay hired i…
Do Employers Prefer Fathers? Evidence from a Field Experiment Testing the Gender by Parenthood Interaction Effect on Callbacks to Job Applications
In research on fatherhood premiums and motherhood penalties in career-related outcomes, employers' discriminatory behaviours are often argued to constitute a possible explanation for observed gender gaps. However, there is as yet no conclusive evidence of such discrimination. Utilizing a field experiment design, we test (i) whether job applicants are subject to recruitment discrimination on the basis of their gender and parenthood status, and (ii…
Ability Grouping's Effects on Grades and the Attainment of Higher Education
To test the effect of ability grouping on grades and the attainment of higher education, this study examines a naturally occurring experiment-an admission reform that dramatically increased ability sorting between schools in the municipality of Stockholm. Following six cohorts of students ( N = 79,020) from the age of 16 to 26, I find a mean effect close to zero and small positive and negative differentiating effects on grades. With regard to the…
Individual and Contextual Expressions of School Demands and their Relation to Psychosomatic Health a Comparative Study of Students in France and Sweden
Unpacking the causes of segregation across workplaces
The way employee flows generate ethnic and gender segregation across workplaces is investigated using a population sample of 80,139 workplaces with 977,978 employees in the Stockholm area. Comparisons of actual stocks and flows of employees across workplaces to counterfactual simulations of these reveal that segregation clearly has a random component to it: Even with random allocation of employees to workplaces, segregation would still be substan…
Family Formation and Men's and Women's Attainment of Workplace Authority
Using Swedish panel data, we assess whether the gender gap in supervisory authority has changed during the period 1968-2000, and investigate to what extent the gap can be attributed to gender-specific consequences of family formation. The results indicate that the gap has narrowed modestly during the period, and that the life-event of parenthood is a major cause. As long as women and men are childless and single, the gender gap in supervisory aut…
Ethnic Environment During Childhood and the Educational Attainment of Immigrant Children in Sweden
We ask whether ethnic residential segregation influences the future educational careers of children of immigrants in Sweden. We use a dataset comprising a cohort of children who finished compulsory school in 1995 (n = 6,560). We follow these children retrospectively to 1990 to measure neighborhood characteristics during late childhood, and prospectively through 2003 to measure the number of years of education attained thus far. The largest immigr…
The Gender Composition of Workplaces and Men's and Women's Turnover
Using a data set of 721,123 employees in 1,890 Swedish workplaces, the author tests whether employees’ propensity to leave a workplace is dependent on the share of the employees of the opposite sex in a workplace. Net of time-invariant workplace heterogeneity, the probability to leave a workplace is found to decrease with the share of employees of the opposite sex. This is true for men as well as women. The results contradict theories suggesting …
Parents' Workplace Situation and Fathers' Parental Leave Use
This study examines how the workplace situation of both parents affects fathers' parental leave use. We used parental leave-taking register data from Statistics Sweden for dual-earner couples who resided in Stockholm and had children in 1997 (n= 3,755). The results indicate that fathers shorten their parental leave if their workplaces are such that one can expect leave to be associated with high costs and that fathers appear to be influenced by t…
Special Reviewers
Mechanisms of Organizational Sex Segregation
This study examines the process underlying sex segregation at the organizational level by focusing on the process through which organizations renew their workforce. The authors used a sample of 1,460 Swedish workplaces that recruited 75,261 employees during the period 1991 to 1995. The results indicate that the most important factor in reproducing segregation at the organizational level is sex segregation in the occupations from which organizatio…
Being Different in the Workplace
Journal Article Being Different in the Workplace: Job Mobility into Other Workplaces and Shifts into Unemployment Get access Magnus Bygren Magnus Bygren Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Sociological Review, Volume 20, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages 199–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jch018 Pu…
Pay reference standards and pay satisfaction
Parents' Workplace Situation and Fathers' Parental Leave Use
This study examines how the workplace situation of both parents affects fathers' parental leave use. We used parental leave-taking register data from Statistics Sweden for dual-earner couples who resided in Stockholm and had children in 1997 (n= 3,755). The results indicate that fathers shorten their parental leave if their workplaces are such that one can expect leave to be associated with high costs and that fathers appear to be influenced by t…
Do Employers Prefer Fathers? Evidence from a Field Experiment Testing the Gender by Parenthood Interaction Effect on Callbacks to Job Applications
In research on fatherhood premiums and motherhood penalties in career-related outcomes, employers' discriminatory behaviours are often argued to constitute a possible explanation for observed gender gaps. However, there is as yet no conclusive evidence of such discrimination. Utilizing a field experiment design, we test (i) whether job applicants are subject to recruitment discrimination on the basis of their gender and parenthood status, and (ii…
Unpacking the causes of segregation across workplaces
The way employee flows generate ethnic and gender segregation across workplaces is investigated using a population sample of 80,139 workplaces with 977,978 employees in the Stockholm area. Comparisons of actual stocks and flows of employees across workplaces to counterfactual simulations of these reveal that segregation clearly has a random component to it: Even with random allocation of employees to workplaces, segregation would still be substan…
Pay reference standards and pay satisfaction
The opportunity structure of segregation
It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents' country of birth and level of education…
Mechanisms of Organizational Sex Segregation
This study examines the process underlying sex segregation at the organizational level by focusing on the process through which organizations renew their workforce. The authors used a sample of 1,460 Swedish workplaces that recruited 75,261 employees during the period 1991 to 1995. The results indicate that the most important factor in reproducing segregation at the organizational level is sex segregation in the occupations from which organizatio…
Being Different in the Workplace
Journal Article Being Different in the Workplace: Job Mobility into Other Workplaces and Shifts into Unemployment Get access Magnus Bygren Magnus Bygren Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Sociological Review, Volume 20, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages 199–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jch018 Pu…
Elite Schools, Elite Ambitions? The Consequences of Secondary-Level School Choice Sorting for Tertiary-Level Educational Choices
We ask if school choice, through its effect on sorting across schools, affects high school graduates' application decisions to higher education. We exploit a school choice reform that dramatically increased achievement sorting across secondary schools in the municipality of Stockholm, employing a before-after design with a control group of students in similar schools located outside this municipality. The reform had a close to zero mean effect on…
Can the trailing spouse phenomenon be explained by employer recruitment choices
It is well known that couples tend to relocate for the sake of the man's career rather than the woman's, also known as the “trailing spouse phenomenon.” The role of employer choices in this process is unknown however. If employers are hesitant to make job offers to women who live a long way from the workplace (e.g., because of work–family balance concerns or a perceived risk that they will not follow through on their applications, or stay hired i…
Ability Grouping's Effects on Grades and the Attainment of Higher Education
To test the effect of ability grouping on grades and the attainment of higher education, this study examines a naturally occurring experiment-an admission reform that dramatically increased ability sorting between schools in the municipality of Stockholm. Following six cohorts of students ( N = 79,020) from the age of 16 to 26, I find a mean effect close to zero and small positive and negative differentiating effects on grades. With regard to the…
Individual and Contextual Expressions of School Demands and their Relation to Psychosomatic Health a Comparative Study of Students in France and Sweden
Are Women Discriminated Against in Countries with Extensive Family Policies? A Piece of the “Welfare State Paradox” Puzzle from Sweden
A common assumption in comparative family policy studies is that employers statistically discriminate against women in countries with dual-earner family policy models. The empirical evidence cited in support of this assumption has exclusively been observational data, which should not be relied on to identify employer discrimination. In contrast, we investigate whether employers discriminate against women in Sweden—frequently viewed as epitomizing…
The Gender Composition of Workplaces and Men's and Women's Turnover
Using a data set of 721,123 employees in 1,890 Swedish workplaces, the author tests whether employees’ propensity to leave a workplace is dependent on the share of the employees of the opposite sex in a workplace. Net of time-invariant workplace heterogeneity, the probability to leave a workplace is found to decrease with the share of employees of the opposite sex. This is true for men as well as women. The results contradict theories suggesting …
Is there a rating bias of job candidates based on gender and parenthood? A laboratory experiment on hiring for an accounting job
Biased practices by employers have been suggested as one possible cause for the observed gender disparities in labor market outcomes. While US-based laboratory experiments show a clear motherhood penalty in recruitment, European laboratory experiments on the topic are to our knowledge lacking. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 228 university students to study a potential gender bias in the evaluation of (fictitious) job candidates for an …
Does employer discrimination contribute to the subordinate labor market inclusion of individuals of a foreign background
Advanced labor markets are typically stratified by origin with a majority ethnic group occupying more desirable (high-skilled) positions and subordinated ethnic minorities occupying less desirable (low-skilled) positions. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether employer recruitment choices reinforce these patterns. This would be the case if employers were more reluctant to hire subordinate minority job applicants for high-skilled position…
Being Different in the Workplace
Journal Article Being Different in the Workplace: Job Mobility into Other Workplaces and Shifts into Unemployment Get access Magnus Bygren Magnus Bygren Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Sociological Review, Volume 20, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages 199–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jch018 Pu…
Pay reference standards and pay satisfaction
Special Reviewers
Mechanisms of Organizational Sex Segregation
This study examines the process underlying sex segregation at the organizational level by focusing on the process through which organizations renew their workforce. The authors used a sample of 1,460 Swedish workplaces that recruited 75,261 employees during the period 1991 to 1995. The results indicate that the most important factor in reproducing segregation at the organizational level is sex segregation in the occupations from which organizatio…
Parents' Workplace Situation and Fathers' Parental Leave Use
This study examines how the workplace situation of both parents affects fathers' parental leave use. We used parental leave-taking register data from Statistics Sweden for dual-earner couples who resided in Stockholm and had children in 1997 (n= 3,755). The results indicate that fathers shorten their parental leave if their workplaces are such that one can expect leave to be associated with high costs and that fathers appear to be influenced by t…
Ethnic Environment During Childhood and the Educational Attainment of Immigrant Children in Sweden
We ask whether ethnic residential segregation influences the future educational careers of children of immigrants in Sweden. We use a dataset comprising a cohort of children who finished compulsory school in 1995 (n = 6,560). We follow these children retrospectively to 1990 to measure neighborhood characteristics during late childhood, and prospectively through 2003 to measure the number of years of education attained thus far. The largest immigr…
The Gender Composition of Workplaces and Men's and Women's Turnover
Using a data set of 721,123 employees in 1,890 Swedish workplaces, the author tests whether employees’ propensity to leave a workplace is dependent on the share of the employees of the opposite sex in a workplace. Net of time-invariant workplace heterogeneity, the probability to leave a workplace is found to decrease with the share of employees of the opposite sex. This is true for men as well as women. The results contradict theories suggesting …
Family Formation and Men's and Women's Attainment of Workplace Authority
Using Swedish panel data, we assess whether the gender gap in supervisory authority has changed during the period 1968-2000, and investigate to what extent the gap can be attributed to gender-specific consequences of family formation. The results indicate that the gap has narrowed modestly during the period, and that the life-event of parenthood is a major cause. As long as women and men are childless and single, the gender gap in supervisory aut…
Unpacking the causes of segregation across workplaces
The way employee flows generate ethnic and gender segregation across workplaces is investigated using a population sample of 80,139 workplaces with 977,978 employees in the Stockholm area. Comparisons of actual stocks and flows of employees across workplaces to counterfactual simulations of these reveal that segregation clearly has a random component to it: Even with random allocation of employees to workplaces, segregation would still be substan…
Individual and Contextual Expressions of School Demands and their Relation to Psychosomatic Health a Comparative Study of Students in France and Sweden
Ability Grouping's Effects on Grades and the Attainment of Higher Education
To test the effect of ability grouping on grades and the attainment of higher education, this study examines a naturally occurring experiment-an admission reform that dramatically increased ability sorting between schools in the municipality of Stockholm. Following six cohorts of students ( N = 79,020) from the age of 16 to 26, I find a mean effect close to zero and small positive and negative differentiating effects on grades. With regard to the…
Do Employers Prefer Fathers? Evidence from a Field Experiment Testing the Gender by Parenthood Interaction Effect on Callbacks to Job Applications
In research on fatherhood premiums and motherhood penalties in career-related outcomes, employers' discriminatory behaviours are often argued to constitute a possible explanation for observed gender gaps. However, there is as yet no conclusive evidence of such discrimination. Utilizing a field experiment design, we test (i) whether job applicants are subject to recruitment discrimination on the basis of their gender and parenthood status, and (ii…
Can the trailing spouse phenomenon be explained by employer recruitment choices
It is well known that couples tend to relocate for the sake of the man's career rather than the woman's, also known as the “trailing spouse phenomenon.” The role of employer choices in this process is unknown however. If employers are hesitant to make job offers to women who live a long way from the workplace (e.g., because of work–family balance concerns or a perceived risk that they will not follow through on their applications, or stay hired i…
Biased grades? Changes in grading after a blinding of examinations reform
Group differences in average grades prior to and after a step-wise introduction of blinded examinations at Stockholm University are examined. Relative to students with ‘native’ names, students with ‘foreign’ names appear to experience weak positive bias in the grading of their examinations, but the estimated effect is sensitive to model specification. No substantial effects of blinding examinations with respect to male-female gaps are found. The …
The Constant Gap
We know that parenthood has different consequences for men’s and women’s careers. Still, the research remains inconclusive on the question of whether this is mainly a consequence of a fatherhood premium, a motherhood penalty, or both. A common assumption is that women fall behind in terms of pay when they become mothers. Based on longitudinal data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU), and individual fixed-effects models, we examine the s…
Elite Schools, Elite Ambitions? The Consequences of Secondary-Level School Choice Sorting for Tertiary-Level Educational Choices
We ask if school choice, through its effect on sorting across schools, affects high school graduates' application decisions to higher education. We exploit a school choice reform that dramatically increased achievement sorting across secondary schools in the municipality of Stockholm, employing a before-after design with a control group of students in similar schools located outside this municipality. The reform had a close to zero mean effect on…
Are Women Discriminated Against in Countries with Extensive Family Policies? A Piece of the “Welfare State Paradox” Puzzle from Sweden
A common assumption in comparative family policy studies is that employers statistically discriminate against women in countries with dual-earner family policy models. The empirical evidence cited in support of this assumption has exclusively been observational data, which should not be relied on to identify employer discrimination. In contrast, we investigate whether employers discriminate against women in Sweden—frequently viewed as epitomizing…
Does employer discrimination contribute to the subordinate labor market inclusion of individuals of a foreign background
Advanced labor markets are typically stratified by origin with a majority ethnic group occupying more desirable (high-skilled) positions and subordinated ethnic minorities occupying less desirable (low-skilled) positions. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether employer recruitment choices reinforce these patterns. This would be the case if employers were more reluctant to hire subordinate minority job applicants for high-skilled position…
The opportunity structure of segregation
It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents' country of birth and level of education…
Is there a rating bias of job candidates based on gender and parenthood? A laboratory experiment on hiring for an accounting job
Biased practices by employers have been suggested as one possible cause for the observed gender disparities in labor market outcomes. While US-based laboratory experiments show a clear motherhood penalty in recruitment, European laboratory experiments on the topic are to our knowledge lacking. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 228 university students to study a potential gender bias in the evaluation of (fictitious) job candidates for an …
The When and Whereabouts of Gender Hiring Discrimination
The aim of this article is to explore the circumstances leading employers to discriminate by gender and parenthood, contributing to the broader aim at increasing our understanding about the mechanisms underlying gender inequality in the labor market. Previous Swedish (and many international) studies show that employers are about equally likely to hire men and women. These results tend to refer, however, to data based on aggregates of branches, oc…
The making of ethnic segregation on the labor market—evidence from a field experiment
Western labor markets are typically segregated by country of birth, with immigrants often employed in roles such as cleaners, taxi drivers, and fast-food cooks. We examine whether employers are more likely to select immigrants for these low-skilled jobs. We use data from correspondence tests conducted in Sweden in the 2010s, with about 7,000 job applications submitted. While ethnic discrimination is widespread in occupations dominated by native-b…
Demographic economics (18 obras) · Economics (17 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Social Psychology (10 obras) · Sociology (9 obras) · Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research (7 obras) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (6 obras) · Labour economics (6 obras) · Demography (5 obras)