Early State Formation
A Complete Rejection of the Circumscription Theory
Dados Bibliográficos
| ID | 9366162 |
|---|---|
| Autores | Terry Stocker (Xianyang Normal University, autor correspondente), Jianyi Xi’ao (Xianyang Normal University) |
| Ano | 2019 |
| Volume | 18 |
| Fascículo | 2 |
| Data de publicação | 2019-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Sim |
| Open Access | Sim |
| Tipo | ARTICLE |
| Periódico | Social Evolution & History (JOURNAL) |
| Identificadores do periódico | ISSN: 1681-4363 |
| Editora | Uchitel Publishing House (PUBLISHER • RU) |
| DOI | 10.30884/seh/2019.02.09 |
| OpenAlex | W2990730512 |
| Idioma | EN |
| Citações recebidas | 3 |
| Referências citadas | 38 |
We evaluated Carneiro's 'environmental circumscription' theory and completely rejected it. It was an insidious ethnocentric prima facie construct. Attempting to develop a viable alternative to early state formation, we focused on food procurement, production and storage. Obviously, large population aggregates (characterizing a state by archaeologists) was only possible because they were in areas of unique abundant wild/renewable food resources, supplemented with agriculture in varying degrees of development. All earliest states followed a pattern of being located near a river mouth entering a sea or ocean. Thus, we propose that such areas produced large amounts of aquatic fauna (mainly fish) and sometimes flora, and these renewable resources helped support sizeable human populations. We label our theory: Unique Resource Constellation Theory (URCT)
Algorithm · Circumscription · State (computer science · Computer Science · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research · Mathematics · Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology · Artificial Intelligence
Peru Before the Incas
The Evolution of the Prehistoric State
Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica
In situ Management and Domestication of Plants in Mesoamerica
Amazonia 1492
Monte Verde
A Theory of the Origin of the State
Ancient South America
The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America
The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America
The earliest occurrence of a newly described domesticate in Eastern North America
Settlement and subsistence among the Early Formative Gulf Olmec
Circumscription Theory of the Origins of the State
Social Evolutionism
Architecture and Chronology at El Paraíso, Peru
The Olmec Legacy
Cultural Materialism
Ritual and Archaic States
The Olmec Legacy
Aztec Imperialism at Oztuma, Guerrero
The Economic Origins of the Territorial State
The muse of history and the science of culture
The invisible whale
Multi-Proxy Analysis of Plant use at Formative Period Los Naranjos, Honduras
Transhumance Revisited
Origins of the State and Civilization
The Neolithic of Southern China-Origin, Development, and Dispersal
The Circumscription Theory
Patrones en el conocimiento, uso y manejo de plantas en pueblos indígenas de México
Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes
Circumscription by Anthropogenic Environmental Destruction
Crocodilians and Olmecs
Trilobal Eccentrics at Teotihuacan and Tula
Social Evolutionism
Nonagricultural Cultivation and Social Complexity
The Origins of Plant Cultivation and Domestication in the New World Tropics
Rethinking the Ramey State
| Obras citantes distintas | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citações por ano | 1 |
| Intervalo de citações | 2023 - 2025 (3) |
| Velocidade de citação | recent |
| Altamente citado | Não |
| Tipos de citação | Neutras: 3 |