Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Anxiety in intergroup relations

A comparison of anxiety/uncertainty management theory and integrated threat theory

Bibliographic Data

ID11207682
AuthorsWalter G Stephan (New Mexico State University, corresponding author), Cookie White Stephan (New Mexico State University), William B Gudykunst (California State University, Fullerton)
Year1999
Volume23
Issue4
Pages613-628
Publication date1999-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Intercultural Relations (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0147-1767 • E-ISSN: 1873-7552
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/s0147-1767(99)00012-7
OpenAlexW1989505651
LanguageEN
Citations received99
References cited42

Anxiety · Developmental psychology · Prejudice (legal term · Psychiatry · Clinical Psychology · Cultural Differences and Values · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • An episodic framework of outgroup interaction processing

    Carl P Maertz, Rodrigo Takeuchi et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2016

  • The Effect of High-Anxiety Situations on Conspiracy Thinking

    Open Access•Monika Grzesiak-Feldman•Current Psychology•2013

  • Game-Mediated Intercultural Communication

    Open Access•Nigel Mantou Lou, Brandon J Justus•Journal of Intercultural…•2026

  • Strangers in Their Own Land’

    Open Access•Nicoletta Cavazza, Pasquale Colloca et al.•International Journal of Public…•2019

  • Europe on a Plate

    Open Access•Lara Anderson, Heather Merle Benbow et al.•Australian and New Zealand…•2021

  • Integrative Socio-Psychological Model for Assessment and Forecasting the Effectiveness of Intercultural Interaction

    Open Access•О Е Хухлаев•Social Psychology and Society•2020

  • “Are You One of Us?” Points of Social Exclusion amongst Youths of Diverse Religious Groups in Indonesia

    Open Access•Roosalina Wulandari, Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari•Humaniora•2021

  • Focusing on fake news’ contents

    Open Access•Sami Çoksan, Aysenur Didem Yilmaz•Analyses of Social Issues and…•2024

  • Meeting the (Trans)parent

    Open Access•Zachary B Massey, Norman C H Wong et al.•Communication Studies•2021

  • The peril of perfection

    Li-Keng Cheng, Chung-Lin Toung et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Intergroup Threat and Tolerance Towards Venezuelan Immigrants in Chile / Tolerancia y amenaza intergrupal hacia inmigrantes venezolanos en Chile

    Open Access•Nicol Altamirano, David Sirlopú et al.•International Journal of Social…•2026

  • Intergroup Contact and Belonging Among Ethiopian Jews in Ethiopia

    Open Access•Mastewal Bitew, Sonja Drobnic•Personality and Social Psychology…•2026

  • When more is not better

    Open Access•Vesa Peltokorpi, Markus Pudelko•Journal of International Business…•2021

  • Dark Triad personality traits and realistic and symbolic Covid ‐19 threat

    Open Access•D De Coninck, M Duque et al.•Scandinavian Journal of Psychology•2024

  • The idiodynamic method

    Peter D Macintyre, Tammy Gregersen•IRAL - International Review of…•2022

  • Humans in Hierarchies

    Open Access•Renée Rinehart Kathawalla, Jal Mehta•Educational Administration…•2022

  • Digital consumerism in times of crisis

    Open Access•Ezgi Akar•British Food Journal•2024

  • Covid-19 Prejudice Towards Afro-Brazilians

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephen Croucher et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2022

  • English Proficiency, Identity, Anxiety, and Intergroup Attitudes

    Makiko Imamura, Racheal A Ruble et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2016

  • Psychologia myślenia spiskowego

    Monika Grzesiak-Feldman•Psychologia myślenia spiskowego•2016

  • We all live in Germany but … Ingroup projection, group‐based emotions and prejudice against immigrants

    Open Access•Thomas Kessler, Amélie Mummendey et al.•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • Communication Dynamics of Immigrant Integration

    Vikki S Katz•Annals of the International…•2014

  • Service Needs, Context of Reception, and Perceived Discrimination of Venezuelan Immigrants in the United States and Colombia

    Open Access•Carolina Scaramutti, R Schmidt et al.•Journal on Migration and Human…•2023

  • The political economy of immigrant homeownership

    Open Access•Seungwoo Han•Comparative Migration Studies•2025

  • Disentangling Islamophobia

    Open Access•Fatih Uenal•Journal of Social and Political…•2016

  • Accountability Issues, Online Covert Hate Speech, and the Efficacy of Counter‐Speech

    Open Access•Fabienne Baider•Politics and Governance•2023

  • How contact is related to awareness of discrimination against women of color

    Jasmine Jordan, N Lajevardi et al.•Politics Groups and Identities•2022

  • Nothing to fear? Anxiety, numeracy, and demographic perceptions

    Open Access•Yamil Ricardo Velez, Gabriel Borelli et al.•Research & Politics•2018

  • Prejudice toward Asians and migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic in Russia and Kyrgyzstan

    Stephen M Croucher, Tatiana M Permyakova et al.•Russian Journal of Communication•2021

  • The influences of host and ethnic internet use on sociocultural and psychological adaptation among Chinese college students in the United States

    Chia‐Fang Hsu, Chia-Fang Hsu et al.•Journal of International and…•2020

  • Am I incompetent or just afraid? Competence and apprehension as predictors of intercultural willingness to communicate

    Yi Feng Wang, Ioana A Cionea•Journal of International and…•2024

  • An integrated threat theory analysis of latent tension between native Indonesians and Chinese Indonesians

    Open Access•Tommy S Yotes, Stephen M Croucher•Journal of International and…•2024

  • Justification of intergroup violence – the role of right-wing authoritarianism and propensity for radical action

    Open Access•Ladislas Farago, Ágnes Kende et al.•Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict•2019

  • Threats and opportunities through the lens of civic and social council stakeholders in Madrid’s World Heritage urban cultural landscape

    Alicia Orea-Giner, Laura Fuentes-Moraleda et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2024

  • Is Purchase Behavior Different for Consumers with Long Covid

    Open Access•Alicia Blanco-González, Gabriel Cachón-Rodríguez et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • How Do We Put the Country Back Together?” Mitigating Affective Polarization Through Mediated Intergroup Contact

    John J Brooks, Christopher M Dobmeier et al.•Mass Communication & Society•2024

  • Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada

    Open Access•J Berry•International Journal of…•2006

  • Predicting Anti-Schizophrenia Prejudice

    Open Access•Bibi Masala, Keon West•Psychological Studies•2025

  • Only the Blue‐Eyed Ones”

    Open Access•Tijana Karić, Frank Eckerle et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2025

  • A Psychology of Immigration

    Open Access•J Berry, J W Berry•Journal of Social Issues•2001

  • Beyond Culture Learning Theory

    Open Access•Jessie Wilson, C Ward et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2013

  • Understanding the Integration of Psychological and Socio-cultural Factors in Adjustment of Expatriates

    Open Access•Sana Mumtaz, Sadia Nadeem•SAGE Open•2022

  • Anxiety/Uncertainty Management and Communication Accommodation in Women’s Brief Dyadic Conversations With a Stranger

    Open Access•Peter D Macintyre•SAGE Open•2019

  • The self in prejudice

    Zelda G Knight•Journal of Psychology in Africa•2015

  • National versus ethnic identification in countries of the Southern African Development Community (Sadc)

    Elirea Bornman•Journal of Psychology in Africa•2019

  • Superficial Causes of AUM Theory Affect Uncertainty and Anxiety among Students in a High-Context Culture

    Open Access•Sun Hui-wen, Zhenyi Li et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2023

  • A Longitudinal study on intercultural awareness and Foreign Language acquisition in the Netherlands

    Open Access•Hubert Korzilius, Andreu Van Hooft et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2007

  • Powerful victims

    Open Access•Leah Bloy, Eran Halperin et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2025

  • Refining the association between intergroup contact and intergroup forgiveness in Northern Ireland

    Open Access•Alberto Voci, Miles Hewstone et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2015

  • The double-edged effect of intergroup similarity

    Open Access•Maria I T Olsson, M Olsson et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2017

  • Retaliation against the outgroup

    Open Access•Elizabeth M Niedbala, Zachary P Hohman•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2018

  • Facilitating Arab‐Jewish intergroup dialogue in the college setting

    M Lydia Khuri•Race Ethnicity and Education•2004

  • Learning health ‘safety’ within non-technical skills interprofessional simulation education

    Open Access•Morris Gordon, Christopher W R Fell et al.•Medical Education Online•2017

  • How inclusive policies shape prejudice versus acceptance of refugees

    Rúben L Silva, Juliana Oliveira et al.•Peace and Conflict Journal of…•2018

  • Backfire of good intentions

    Kerstin Guffler, Ulla Wagner•Peace and Conflict Journal of…•2017

  • Identity and Trust in Bosnia & Hercegovina

    Geneviève Parent•Europe Asia Studies•2022

  • Prejudice Towards Muslims

    Elvis Nshom, Soravis Tovivich et al.•Islam and Christian–Muslim…•2020

  • An uncertainty management perspective on the antecedents of leader self‐serving behavior

    Open Access•Mayowa T Babalola, Yuanmei Qu et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2023

  • A dual‐path model of observers' responses to peer voice endorsement

    Open Access•Dan Ni, Mengxi Yang et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2023

  • Sharing community life after a civil war

    Open Access•Alvarez, Santiago Lopez Alvarez et al.•Conflict Management and Peace…•2025

  • Women's Attitudes Toward Men

    Open Access•Cookie White Stephan, Walter G Stephan et al.•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2000

  • Election results can decrease intergroup threat and through that positively affect intergroup relations

    Open Access•Jenny Roth, Miriam Steinmann et al.•Political Psychology•2025

  • Impact of social changes and birth cohort on anxiety in adolescents in mainland China (1992–2017)

    Open Access•Sufei Xin, Yixin Wang et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew•International Journal of…•2008

  • I'm not sure how she will react”

    Anette Rohmann, Arnd Florack et al.•International Journal of…•2014

  • Intercultural contact under uncertainty

    Open Access•Jakub Samochowiec, Arnd Florack•International Journal of…•2010

  • Intercultural communication effectiveness, cultural intelligence and knowledge sharing

    Open Access•Alfred Presbitero, Hooman Attar•International Journal of…•2018

  • Predicting Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment

    Open Access•Andrew Li, Michael B Gasser•International Journal of…•2005

  • Stressors, anxiety, acculturation and adjustment among international and North American students

    Open Access•Marie Väfors Fritz, Denise Chin et al.•International Journal of…•2008

  • Direct and indirect intergroup contact effects on prejudice

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Oliver Christ et al.•International Journal of…•2007

  • Stereotypes of Chinese international students held by Americans

    Open Access•Racheal A Ruble, Racheal Ruble et al.•International Journal of…•2013

  • Ethnic minority, immigrants, and Indigenous people’s well-being disparities in Canada during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Nigel Mantou Lou, Kimberly A Noels et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Internal migration and the negative attitudes toward migrant workers in China

    Open Access•Hechao Jiang, Taixiang Duan et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Social support and cultural distance

    Open Access•Alexander English, Alexander Scott English et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Functions of the common ingroup identity model and acculturation strategies in intercultural communication

    Open Access•Makiko Imamura, Yan Bing Zhang•International Journal of…•2014

  • Missing Afrikaans

    Gary Barkhuizen, Gary P Barkhuizen et al.•Journal of Multilingual and…•2005

  • Unauthorized migrants in Israel

    Open Access•Mor Kalnisky, Drorit Levy•Journal of Community Psychology•2021

  • The Relationship Between Immigrant School Composition, Classmate Support and Involvement in Physical Fighting and Bullying among Adolescent Immigrants and Non-immigrants in 11 Countries

    Open Access•Sophie D Walsh, Bart De Clercq et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2016

  • Prejudice toward immigrant workers among Dutch employees

    Open Access•Petru Lucian Curseu, Ron Stoop et al.•European Journal of Social…•2007

  • Preference for consistency and value dissimilarities in dehumanization and prejudice toward asylum seekers in Australia

    Open Access•Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Elizabeth M Greenhalgh et al.•European Journal of Social…•2015

  • How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•European Journal of Social…•2008

  • Do integration policies relate to economic and cultural threat perceptions? A comparative study in Europe

    Open Access•Marie-Sophie Callens, Bart Meuleman•International Journal of…•2017

  • Not all egalitarianism is created equal

    Open Access•Drew S Jacoby-Senghor, Michael Rosenblum et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2021

  • Contested Boundaries and Perceptions of Inter-ethnic Disorder

    Open Access•R Wickes, C Keel et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2025

  • Merging Top-Down and Bottom-Up Influences on Fitting in at School. The Role of Ethnic Congruence in Overall and Interethnic Friendship Formation

    Jannick Demanet, L Van Praag et al.•Sociological Quarterly•2020

  • A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory

    T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • The Role of Social Cognition in the Religious Fundamentalism-Prejudice Relationship

    Open Access•Eric D Hill, Eric Hill et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2010

  • Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice

    Open Access•John A Banas, Elena Bessarabova et al.•Human Communication Research•2020

  • I've Never Looked at Someone and Thought What Colour They Are

    Farida Fozdar•Journal of Intercultural Studies•2011

  • Gay Officers In Their Midst

    Morris Bernstein, Mary Bernstein et al.•Journal of Homosexuality•2012

  • Does Contact Matter

    Keon West•Journal of Homosexuality•2020

  • Interreligious Competence (IRC) in Students of Education

    Open Access•Assumpta Aneas, Carmen Carmona et al.•Religions•2023

  • When Uncertainty Motivates Identity Restoration in Religious Groups

    Open Access•Roosalina Wulandari, Mirra Noor Milla et al.•Religions•2022

  • Interability Contact and the Reduction of Interability Prejudice

    Open Access•Gabrielle A Byrd, Yan Bing Zhang et al.•Journal of Language and Social…•2019

  • Intergroup Anxiety and Willingness to Accommodate

    Open Access•G Montgomery, Yan Bing Zhang•Journal of Language and Social…•2018

  • The Contact Space

    Open Access•J Harwood•Journal of Language and Social…•2010

  • Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language

    Open Access•Richard Clément, Susan C Baker et al.•Journal of Language and Social…•2003

  • Contact and Attitudes Toward International Students in Australia

    Open Access•Anita S Mak, Patricia M Brown et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2014

  • Contact in context

    Andrej Kokkonen, Peter Esaiasson et al.•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2016

  • Cognition and Affect in Stereotyping

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•Affect, Cognition and Stereotyping•1993

  • A Comparison of Symbolic Racism Theory and Social Dominance Theory as Explanations for Racial Policy Attitudes

    Jim Sidanius, Erik A Devereux et al.•The Journal of Social Psychology•1992

  • The Functions of Social Conflict

    Lewis A Coser•The Functions of Social Conflict•1956

  • Communication in everyday interpersonal and intergroup encounters

    Open Access•William B Gudykunst, Robin B Shapiro•International Journal of…•1996

  • Group Conflict, Prejudice, and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes

    Lawrence D Bobo, Lawrence Bobo•Eliminating Racism•1988

  • Eliminating Racism

    Open Access•Phyllis A Katz, Dalmas A Taylor•Eliminating Racism•1988

  • Towards the Elimination of Racism

    Phyllis A Katz•Towards the elimination of racism•1976

  • Group Conflict and Co-operation

    Muzafer Sherif•Group Conflict and Co-Operation•2015

  • Prejudice Toward Immigrants 1

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Oscar Ybarra et al.•Journal of Applied Social…•1999

  • Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Women and Men

    Open Access•Alice H Eagly, Antonio Mladinic•Personality and Social Psychology…•1989

  • Women's Attitudes Toward Men

    Open Access•Cookie White Stephan, Walter G Stephan et al.•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2000

  • Knowledge-Based Affect

    Loren Demerath•Social Psychology Quarterly•1993

  • Antecedents of intergroup anxiety in Asian-Americans and Hispanic-Americans

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•International Journal of…•1989

  • Intergroup communication over time

    Open Access•Kimberly N Hubbert, William B Gudykunst et al.•International Journal of…•1999

  • Applying anxiety\uncertainty management (AUM) Theory to intercultural adjustment training

    Open Access•William B Gudykunst•International Journal of…•1998

  • Uncertainty, anxiety, and adaptation

    Open Access•Ge Gao, William B Gudykunst•International Journal of…•1990

  • Reducing intercultural anxiety through intercultural contact

    Open Access•Cookie White Stephan, Walter G Stephan•International Journal of…•1992

  • Predicting prejudice

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•International Journal of…•1996

  • Anxiety, uncertainty, and perceived effectiveness of communication across relationships and cultures

    Open Access•William B Gudykunst, Tsukasa Nishida•International Journal of…•2001

  • Emotional reactions to ethnic minorities

    Open Access•Anton J M Dijker•European Journal of Social…•1987

  • Intergroup Anxiety

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•Journal of Social Issues•1985

  • Symbolic Racism

    Open Access•John B Mcconahay, Joseph C Hough•Journal of Social Issues•1976

  • Towards the Elimination of Racism

    Open Access•Phyllis A Katz, Marshall H Segall et al.•Journal of Social Issues•1976

  • Terror management and tolerance

    Jeff Greenberg, Linda Simon et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1992

  • Evidence for terror management theory II

    Jeff Greenberg, Tom Pyszczynski et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • International conflict resolution

    Jacob Bercovitch•International Affairs•1986

  • Emotional Reactions to Interracial Achievement Outcomes 1

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•Journal of Applied Social…•1989

  • A theory of social interaction

    Jonathan H Turner•A theory of social interaction•1988

  • Suggestions for winning the real war with communism

    Open Access•Charles E Osgood•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1959

  • Role of competition-induced anxiety in limiting the beneficial impact of positive behavior by an out-group member

    David A Wilder, Peter N Shapiro•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Prejudice and politics

    Donald R Kinder, David O Sears•Journal of Personality and Social…•1981

  • Identity and Anxiety

    Rudolph E Morris, Maurice R Stein et al.•The American Catholic Sociological…•1961

  • A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters

    Open Access•William B Gudykunst•Journal of Language and Social…•1985

  • Prejudice toward Immigrants to Spain and Israel

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Oscar Ybarra et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1998

  • Integrated Threat Theory and Intercultural Attitudes

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Rolando Diaz-Loving et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2000

  • Events That Increase Uncertainty in Personal Relationships II Replication and Extension

    Open Access•Sally Planalp, Diane K Rutherford et al.•Human Communication Research•1988

  • Events That Increase Uncertainty in Personal Relationships Sally Planalp

    Open Access•James M Honeycutt•Human Communication Research•1985

  • Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond

    Open Access•Charles R Berger, Richard J Calabrese•Human Communication Research•1975

Unique citing works99
Citations per year3,81
Citation span2000 - 2026 (27)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 98

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae