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Future directions for intergroup contact theory and research

Bibliographic Data

ID11208970
AuthorsT F Pettigrew (0000-0002-2440-7150, University of California, Santa Cruz, corresponding author)
Year2008
Volume32
Issue3
Pages187-199
Publication date2008-05-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Intercultural Relations (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0147-1767 • E-ISSN: 1873-7552
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.12.002
OpenAlexW2140017384
LanguageEN
Citations received265
References cited59

Contact hypothesis · Contact theory · Context (archaeology · Epistemology · Geography · Phenomenon · Prejudice (legal term · Situational ethics · Social contact · Engineering · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Psychology · Social and Cultural Dynamics · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Safe Spaces, Brave Spaces

    Open Access•John Palfrey, John Gorham Palfrey et al.•Safe Spaces, Brave Spaces•2017

  • Bad Is Stronger Than Good for Stigmatized, but Not Admired Outgroups

    Open Access•Стефаниа Паолини, Kylie Mcintyre•Personality and Social Psychology…•2019

  • The Associations of Intergroup Interactions and School Racial Socialization with Academic Motivation

    Open Access•Christy M Byrd•The Journal of Educational Research•2015

  • Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Lydia E Hayward, Linda R Tropp et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2017

  • Examining the role of positive and negative intergroup contact and anti‐immigrant prejudice in B rexit

    Open Access•Rose Meleady, Charles R Seger et al.•British Journal of Social…•2017

  • Cross-Group Friendships and Intergroup Attitudes

    Open Access•Kristin Davies, Linda R Tropp et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2011

  • Fifty‐odd years of inter‐group contact

    Open Access•Miles Hewstone, Hermann Swart•British Journal of Social…•2011

  • What will the others think? In‐group norms as a mediator of the effects of intergroup contact

    Open Access•Pablo De Tezanos‐pinto, Christopher Bratt et al.•British Journal of Social…•2010

  • Imagined Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Richard J Crisp, Sofia Stathi et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2009

  • Neighborhood Ethnic Diversity and Trust

    Open Access•Katharina Schmid, Ananthi Al Ramiah et al.•Psychological Science•2014

  • Do Ideologically Intolerant People Benefit From Intergroup Contact?

    Open Access•Gordon Hodson•Current Directions in Psychological…•2011

  • Seeking and avoiding intergroup contact

    Open Access•Стефаниа Паолини, J Harwood et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2018

  • Exploring the mental health benefits of participation in an Australian anti-racism intervention

    Open Access•Margaret Kelaher, Angeline Ferdinand et al.•Health Promotion International•2016

  • The Impact of Education and Intergroup Friendship on the Development of Ethnocentrism. A Latent Growth Curve Model Analysis of a Five-Year Panel Study among Belgian Late Adolescents

    M Hooghe, Cecil Meeusen et al.•European Sociological Review•2013

  • Cultural Encounters – Examining Acculturation and Intercultural Contact Between Africans and Chinese in Hong Kong

    Raymond Agyenim‐Boateng, Raymond Agyenim Boateng et al.•International Perspectives in…•2025

  • Indirect Effects of Threat on the Contact–Prejudice Relationship

    Christopher Aberson•Social Psychology•2019

  • Interracial and Intraracial Contact, School-Level Diversity, and Change in Racial Identity Status Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Tiffany Yip, Eleanor K Seaton et al.•Child Development•2010

  • When and How Do Students Benefit From Ethnic Diversity in Middle School

    Open Access•Jaana Juvonen, Kara Kogachi et al.•Child Development•2017

  • Miscounting Immigrants in South Africa

    D Herda•Society in Transition•2024

  • Ethnic discrimination in Scandinavia

    Open Access•Rasmus K Storm, C Nesseler et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Ethnic, Linguistic, and Religious Heterogeneity and Preferences for Public Goods and Redistribution in Latin America

    Sarah Beren, Sarah Berens et al.•Sociology of Development•2024

  • Welcoming Differences

    Open Access•Maria Luisa Sierra-Huedo, Marina Aguareles•Education Sciences•2025

  • A Tale of Two Professions in Elections

    Open Access•Johanna Kallio, H Lahtinen et al.•Diaconia•2020

  • Economic contact in service encounters between groups in protracted conflict

    Open Access•Nonna Kushnirovich, Sabina Lissitsa•Analyses of Social Issues and…•2022

  • Perceived threat and support for right‐wing ideology in Finland

    Open Access•Elvis Nshom•Analyses of Social Issues and…•2022

  • How can previous intergroup contact predict willingness for intergroup interaction? The mediating role of specific intergroup emotions

    Open Access•Lingjie Tang, Changan Zhang et al.•Asian Journal Of Social Psychology•2024

  • Effects of intergroup contact norms and school climate on youth self-reported outgroup prosocial behaviour in school

    Open Access•Tea Pavin Ivanec, Dinka Corkalo Biruski et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Social Identity in a public hospital

    Open Access•Moran Shnapper-Cohen, Niva Dolev et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Effects of Cultural Novelty on the Interplay Between Language and Cultural Adjustment in International Students

    Open Access•Michał Wilczewski, Rong Wang et al.•Journal of Studies in International…•2025

  • Including the multiply excluded

    Open Access•Mark Adley, Amanda Atkinson et al.•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2023

  • Of robots and robotkind

    Brad A Haggadone, Jaime Banks et al.•Communication Research Reports•2021

  • Be Careful How You Treat Your Coworkers

    Open Access•Antonia Stanojevic, Agnes Akkerman et al.•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2022

  • Open to Contact? Increased State Openness Can Lead to Greater Interest in Contact With Diverse Groups

    Open Access•Victoria Hotchin, Keon West•Personality and Social Psychology…•2022

  • An Investigation of the Relationship Between Cross-Race Friendships and Attraction

    Open Access•Michael Thai, Alexander W O’donnell et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2022

  • Need Fulfillment During Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Jannis Kreienkamp, Maximilian Agostini et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • Language and communication in international students’ adaptation

    Open Access•Michał Wilczewski, Ilai Alon•Higher Education•2023

  • Multilevel Intergroup Contact and Antigay Prejudice (Explicit and Implicit)

    Open Access•Cara C Macinnis, Elizabeth Page-Gould et al.•Social Psychological and…•2017

  • Thai University Students Developing Intercultural Sensitivity as Study-Abroad Program Buddies

    Brad Deacon, Prawpun Pholboon et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2025

  • The Role of Intergroup Contact and Acculturation Strategies in Developing Chinese International Students’ Global Competence

    Qian Meng, Chang Zhu et al.•Journal of Intercultural…•2017

  • Intergroup Relations and Muslims’ Mental Health in Western Societies

    Open Access•Sally Kalek, Anita S Mak et al.•Journal of Muslim Mental Health•2010

  • Cultural Identities of Adolescent Immigrants

    Open Access•Eugene Tartakovsky•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2008

  • Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Catholic Clerics’ Regarding Mental Health in Lebanon

    Open Access•Christina Aramouny, Hala Kerbage et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2020

  • I Saw You in the News

    Open Access•Magdalena Wojcieszak, Rachid Azrout•Journal of Communication•2016

  • Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination

    John F Dovidio, Miles Hewstone et al.•The SAGE handbook of prejudice,…•2010

  • History Education and Conflict Transformation

    Open Access•Giovanna Leone, Charis Psaltis et al.•History Education and Conflict…•2017

  • Advances in Intergroup Contact

    Gordon Hodson, Miles Hewstone•Advances in Intergroup Contact•2012

  • Narrative and the Politics of Identity

    Open Access•Phillip L Hammack•Narrative and the politics of…•2010

  • Intergroup Contact and the Struggle for Social Justice

    K Durrheim, John Dixon et al.•Oxford Handbook of Social…•2017

  • Intergroup contact, social dominance, and environmental concern

    Rose Meleady, Richard J Crisp et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020

  • Når majoritetsmedlemmer og etniske minoritetsmedlemmer mødes

    Arzoo Rafiqi, Jens Peter Frølund Thomsen•Dansk Sociologi•2015

  • Social integration of refugee youth in Europe

    Open Access•Jaana Juvonen, Ariana N Bell•Polish Psychological Bulletin•2018

  • The Contact Caveat

    Open Access•Fiona Barlow, Fiona Kate Barlow et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2012

  • Negative Intergroup Contact Makes Group Memberships Salient

    Open Access•Stefania Paolini, Стефаниа Паолини et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2010

  • Can imagined interactions produce positive perceptions

    Richard J Crisp, Richard N Turner•American Psychologist•2009

  • Mental Health Stigma and Social Contact Revisited

    Open Access•Elizabeth Felix, Freda B Lynn•Society and Mental Health•2022

  • Attitudes towards public transport in New Zealand

    Open Access•S J Murray, Darren Walton et al.•Transportation•2010

  • Effect of direct and indirect contact with mental illness on dangerousness and social distance

    Open Access•Minhwa Lee, Mikyung Seo•International Journal of Social…•2018

  • “Responding to accelerating multicultural challenges

    Gerald W Fry, Haelim Chun et al.•Multicultural Education Review•2019

  • Immigration attitudes and the influence of positive, negative, and neutral intergroup exposure

    D Herda•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2022

  • Who is bullying whom in ethnically diverse primary schools? Exploring links between bullying, ethnicity, and ethnic diversity in Dutch primary schools

    Open Access•J Tolsma, Ioana Van Deurzen et al.•Social Networks•2013

  • Bullying and victimization among majority and minority students

    Open Access•D Kisfalusi, Judit Pál et al.•Social Networks•2018

  • Longitudinal Changes in Interracial Hate Crimes in the USA, 1990–2014

    Open Access•M Kros, Eva Jaspers et al.•Journal of International…•2023

  • “Being Jewish is, in some ways, a highly privileged identity … but in other ways … antisemitism is definitely a thing”

    Uri Amir-Koren, J L M Mccoyd•Journal of Human Behavior in the…•2025

  • Joint attention modulates intergroup altruism via incidental learning of trust

    Clara D C Claveau, Laeticia Fatima Gibbs et al.•Cognition & Emotion•2026

  • The Conditional Impacts of Organizations and Supervisors on the Tension Between Officers and Citizens

    Open Access•Gwanseob Shin, Yong-Chan Rhee et al.•Law & Policy•2026

  • No, I Don’t Like the Basque Language.’ Considering the Role of Cultural Capital within Boundary-Work in Basque Education

    Open Access•Elizabeth Pérez-Izaguirre•Social Sciences•2018

  • Building Bridges in Diverse Societies

    Open Access•Marselius Sampe Tondok, Suryanto et al.•Societies•2024

  • Cross-Racial Interactions during College

    Open Access•William Byrd•Societies•2014

  • The quality of inter- and intra-ethnic friendships among roma and non-roma students in Hungary

    Open Access•D Kisfalusi•Corvinus Journal of Sociology and…•2016

  • Critical Conversations

    Open Access•Margaret M O’Neill, Annemarie Gockel et al.•Journal of the Society for Social…•2021

  • Prejudice toward Asians and migrants during the Covid-19 pandemic in Russia and Kyrgyzstan

    Stephen M Croucher, Tatiana M Permyakova et al.•Russian Journal of Communication•2021

  • Brothers or “Others”? Attitudes of Thais Towards Chinese Tourists during Covid-19

    Yi Lin, Worapinya Kingminghae et al.•Journal of China Tourism Research•2021

  • Argument and Ethnopolitical Conflict

    Donald G Ellis•Communication Methods and Measures•2010

  • Asian’ Learners or ‘Internationalised’ Learners? Taking Advantage of International Cultural Academic Flows

    Open Access•Janette Ryan•East Asia•2015

  • Understanding friendship formation between international and host-national students in a Canadian university

    Oral Robinson, Kara Somerville et al.•Journal of International and…•2019

  • Worlds Apart

    Lorraine Brown•Journal of International and…•2009

  • Bridging mechanisms in multiethnic communities

    Wenlin Liu, Minhee Son et al.•Journal of International and…•2017

  • The Problem with Morality

    Open Access•Chloe Kovacheff, Stephanie A Schwartz et al.•Social Issues and Policy Review•2018

  • Confidence in Contact

    Open Access•Richard N Turner, Lindsey Cameron•Social Issues and Policy Review•2016

  • Looking my enemy (?) in the eyes

    Open Access•Nili Steinfeld, Ohad Shaked•Media War & Conflict•2021

  • Promoting intergenerational programmes

    E Robert Statham•Evidence & Policy•2009

  • Look, Each Side Says Something Different’

    Tsafrir Goldberg, Yiftach Ron•Journal of Peace Education•2013

  • Identities and Everyday Interethnic Relationships

    Open Access•Yolanda Zografova•Qualitative Sociology Review•2019

  • A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective

    Open Access•Yasmeen I Krameddine, David DeMarco et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2013

  • The Effects of Leisure Activities on Self-Efficacy and Social Adjustment

    Open Access•Chul-Ho Bum, Joon‐Hee Lee et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage

    Open Access•Charla M Burnett, Aaron S King•Politics & Policy•2015

  • How to Enhance the Effects of Mediated Intergroup Contact? Evidence from Four Countries

    Magdalena Wojcieszak, Nuri Kim et al.•Mass Communication & Society•2019

  • Applying Intergroup Contact Theory to Social Distance Data from Ethnic Hungarians and Romanians in Romania

    Bob Ives, Mădălina Alamă et al.•Journal of Contemporary European…•2016

  • School, cultural diversity, multiculturalism, and contact

    Camilla Pagani, Francesco Robustelli et al.•European Journal of Intercultural…•2011

  • Sport-for-development and social inclusion in caste-ridden India

    Biju Philip, Russell Hoye et al.•Soccer and Society•2021

  • Familiarity with and social distance from people with mental illness

    Open Access•Fotios Anagnostopoulos, Alexandra Hantzi•Journal of Community & Applied…•2011

  • Religious discrimination leads to loss of personal significance through social exclusion. The case of Syrian and Afghan refugees

    Open Access•Hend Bautista, Manuel Moyano et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Exploring ethnic majorities’ positive and negative intergroup contact in the neighbourhood

    Open Access•Michael Savelkoul•International Journal of…•2025

  • Only Here for the Day

    Open Access•Megan M Holland•Sociology of Education•2012

  • Predicting Anti-Schizophrenia Prejudice

    Open Access•Bibi Masala, Keon West•Psychological Studies•2025

  • Exploring the Relationships between Fear-Related Xenophobia, Perceptions of Out-Group Entitativity, and Social Contact in Norway

    Open Access•Reidar Ommundsen, Oksana Yakushko et al.•Psychological Reports•2013

  • Multicultural experiences reduce intergroup bias through epistemic unfreezing

    Carmit T Tadmor, Ying-Yi Hong et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Can urban parks bridge deep divides? Assessing the effects of inter-racial social interaction in parks and public spaces on trust

    Lauren E Mullenbach, Andrew J Mowen et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2021

  • Moral judgments about Jewish–Arab intergroup exclusion

    Alaina Brenick, Melanie Killen•Developmental Psychology•2014

  • Breaking Bread

    Open Access•Rodolfo Leyva, Miguel R Ramos et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Differential Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Prejudice

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, T F Pettigrew•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • The Mere Exposure Effect

    Open Access•Angela Yuson Lee•Personality and Social Psychology…•2001

  • Diversity and Higher Education

    Patricia Gurin, Eric L Dey et al.•Harvard Educational Review•2002

  • "Some of My Best Friends" Intergroup Contact, Concealable Stigma, and Heterosexuals' Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians

    Open Access•Gregory M Herek, John P Capitanio•Personality and Social Psychology…•1996

  • Expecting To Be the Target of Prejudice

    Open Access•J Nicole Shelton, Jennifer A Richeson et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • Effects of Direct and Indirect Cross-Group Friendships on Judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland

    Open Access•Стефаниа Паолини, Miles Hewstone et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2004

  • Ironic Effects of Racial Bias During Interracial Interactions

    Open Access•J Nicole Shelton, Jennifer A Richeson et al.•Psychological Science•2005

  • Perspective Taking

    Open Access•Christie D Batson, Shannon Early et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • Inter‐ethnic contact as a predictor of blatant and subtle prejudice

    Open Access•Jürgen Hamberger, Miles Hewstone•British Journal of Social…•1997

  • Similarity and Nurturance

    Christie D Batson, David A Lishner et al.•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2005

  • Relationships Between Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Among Minority and Majority Status Groups

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp, T F Pettigrew•Psychological Science•2005

  • Intergroup Attitudes among Ethnic Minority Adolescents

    Jean S Phinney, Debra L Ferguson et al.•Child Development•1997

  • An integrative theory of intergroup contact

    Rupert Brown, Miles Hewstone•Advances in Experimental Social…•2005

  • The Role of Threats in the Racial Attitudes of Blacks and Whites

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Kurt A Boniecki et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Dimensions of Contact as Predictors of Intergroup Anxiety, Perceived Out-Group Variability, and Out-Group Attitude

    Open Access•M R Islam, Miles Hewstone•Personality and Social Psychology…•1993

  • Generalized Intergroup Contact Effects on Prejudice

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • Ethnic Prejudice in East and West Germany

    Open Access•Ulla Wagner, Rolf Van Dick et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • The Psychological Impact of Prejudice

    Open Access•Linda R Tropp•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • Effects of Intergroup Contact and Political Predispositions on Prejudice

    Open Access•Daniel A Miller, Eliot R Smith et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2004

  • Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Toward Immigrants in Italy

    Open Access•Alberto Voci, Miles Hewstone•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • Gringos’ in Mexico

    Open Access•Anja Eller, Dominic Abrams•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • The Effects of Ingroup and Outgroup Friendships on Ethnic Attitudes in College

    Open Access•Shana Levin, Nurit Shnabel et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • Ethnic minorities' racial attitudes and contact experiences with white people

    J Nicole Shelton, Jennifer A Richeson•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2006

  • Prejudice And Minority Proportion

    Open Access•Ulla Wagner, Ulrich Wagner et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2006

  • Direct and indirect intergroup contact effects on prejudice

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Oliver Christ et al.•International Journal of…•2007

  • Anxiety in intergroup relations

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan et al.•International Journal of…•1999

  • An Intergroup Contact-Theory Framework for Evaluating Racial Climate on Predominantly White College Campuses

    Open Access•Tabbye M Chavous•American Journal of Community…•2005

  • How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•European Journal of Social…•2008

  • Come together

    Open Access•Anja Eller, Dominic Abrams•European Journal of Social…•2004

  • Perspective taking and prejudice reduction

    Open Access•Theresa K Vescio, Gretchen B Sechrist et al.•European Journal of Social…•2003

  • The Advantages of Multilevel Approaches

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew•Journal of Social Issues•2006

  • Intergroup Anxiety

    Open Access•Walter G Stephan, Cookie White Stephan•Journal of Social Issues•1985

  • Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and Experience of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland

    Open Access•Miles Hewstone, Ed Cairns et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2006

  • Reactions of Caucasian Residents to Japanese‐American Neighbors 1

    Open Access•Donald P Irish•Journal of Social Issues•1952

  • Racially Separate or Together? 1

    Open Access•T F Pettigrew•Journal of Social Issues•1969

  • Attitudinal effects of mere exposure

    Robert B Zajonc•Journal of Personality and Social…•1968

  • The effect of university roommate contact on ethnic attitudes and behavior

    Open Access•Nurit Shnabel, Colette Van Laar et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2004

  • Negotiating Interracial Interactions

    Open Access•Jennifer A Richeson, J Nicole Shelton•Current Directions in Psychological…•2007

  • Sociological Methodology 1980

    Lewis F Carter, Karl F Schuessler et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1981

  • Empathy and attitudes

    Christie D Batson, Marina P Polycarpou et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • Role of Perceived Importance in Intergroup Contact

    Rolf Van Dick, Ulla Wagner et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • The extended contact effect

    Stephen C Wright, Arthur Aron et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory

    T F Pettigrew, Linda R Tropp•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • Perceiver threat in social interactions with stigmatized others

    Jim Blascovich, Wendy Berry Mendes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Ethnic Enclaves and the Dynamics of Social Identity on the College Campus

    Jim Sidanius, Nurit Shnabel et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • Beyond the Optimal Contact Strategy

    John Dixon, K Durrheim et al.•American Psychologist•2005

  • The Social Psychology of Stigma

    Brenda Major, Lia O’brien et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2004

  • Intergroup Contact Theory

    T F Pettigrew•Annual Review of Psychology•1998

  • Revisiting the Contact Hypothesis

    Open Access•Barrett A Lee, Chad R Farrell et al.•American Sociological Review•2004

  • Exposure and affect

    Robert F Bornstein•Psychological Bulletin•1989

  • A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters

    Open Access•William B Gudykunst•Journal of Language and Social…•1985

  • Some Explorations in Initial Interaction and Beyond

    Open Access•Charles R Berger, Richard J Calabrese•Human Communication Research•1975

  • Prejudice reduction or self-selection? A test of the contact hypothesis

    Thomas C Wilson•Sociological Spectrum•1996

Unique citing works265
Citations per year14,72
Citation span2008 - 2026 (19)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 264

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