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Optimal input for language learning

Genuine, simplified, elaborated, or modified elaborated

Bibliographic Data

ID11437698
AuthorsMichael Long (0000-0003-0665-514X, University of Maryland, College Park, corresponding author), Michael H Long
Year2020
Volume53
Issue2
Pages169-182
Publication date2020-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueLanguage Teaching (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0261-4448 • E-ISSN: 1475-3049
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/s0261444819000466
OpenAlexW2997185744
LanguageEN
Citations received6
References cited34

Discussions of optimal types of spoken and written input for language learning have traditionally focused on the relative merits of authentic and linguistically simplified spoken and written texts. I will argue that elaborated input and, in particular, modified elaborated input, constitute better options, with tasks, not just texts, functioning as important input sources. Modified elaborated input, potentially coupled with bimodal presentation, has many positive features, especially, but not only, for programs seeking to increase students' opportunities for enhanced incidental learning

Language acquisition · Linguistics · Mathematics education · Natural language processing · Presentation (obstetrics · Spoken language · Computer Science · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Psychology · Second Language Acquisition and Learning · Second Language Learning and Teaching

  • Enhancing Vocational High School Students' Reading Skills Using Jeopardy Games

    Open Access•Yoannes Yuka Krisdianata, Paulus Kuswandono•LANGUAGE LITERACY Journal of…•2022

  • Approaches to simplifying academic texts in English

    Open Access•Irina Rets, Lluïsa Astruc et al.•English for Specific Purposes•2022

  • To simplify or not? Facilitating English L2 users' comprehension and processing of open educational resources in English using text simplification

    Open Access•Irina Rets, Jekaterina Rogaten•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2021

  • Expanding Perspectives on “Foreigner Talk”

    Nick Ott•Journal of Language Identity &…•2026

  • Integrating children’s fiction and Storyline in the second language classroom

    Open Access•Sharon Ahlquist•Education Inquiry•2021

  • Beyond Teacher-Led Approaches

    Open Access•Budi Waluyo, Fouzia Rouaghe•SAGE Open•2025

  • Linguistic and Conversational Adjustments to Non-Native Speakers

    Open Access•M H Long•Studies in Second Language…•1983

  • At the Interface

    Nick C Ellis•Studies in Second Language…•2005

  • Input Enhancement in Instructed SLA

    Open Access•Michael Sharwood Smith•Studies in Second Language…•1993

  • Implicit and explicit instruction in L2 learning

    Jaemyung Goo, Gisela Granena et al.•Implicit and explicit learning of…•2015

  • The Significance of Learner's Errors

    S Pit Corder•IRAL - International Review of…•1967

  • Native speaker/non-native speaker conversation and the negotiation of comprehensible input1

    M H Long•Applied Linguistics•1983

  • Language Taught for Meetings and Language Used in Meetings

    Mark Williams•Applied Linguistics•1988

  • Re-fitting for a different purpose

    Open Access•Anthony Green, Roger Hawkey•Language Testing•2012

  • ESP teacher education needs

    Open Access•Helen Basturkmen•Language Teaching•2019

  • A Data‐Driven Approach to Text Adaptation in Teaching Material Preparation

    Open Access•Tan Jin, Xiaofei Lu•TESOL Quarterly•2018

  • Effects of Input Elaboration on Vocabulary Acquisition through Reading by Korean Learners of English as a Foreign Language

    YOUNGKYU KIM•TESOL Quarterly•2006

  • Authentic Discourse and the Survival English Curriculum

    Ruth Larimer Cathcart•TESOL Quarterly•1989

  • Two Types of Input Modification and EFL Reading Comprehension

    Sun-Young Oh•TESOL Quarterly•2001

  • The Effects of Simplified and Elaborated Texts on Foreign Language Reading Comprehension

    Open Access•Yasukata Yano, M H Long et al.•Language Learning•1994

  • Incidental Learning of Collocation

    Open Access•Stuart Webb, Jonathan Newton et al.•Language Learning•2013

  • A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Incidental Second Language Word Learning from Spoken Input

    Open Access•Johanna F De Vos, Herbert Schriefers et al.•Language Learning•2018

  • Effectiveness of L2 Instruction

    Open Access•John M Norris, Lourdes Ortega•Language Learning•2000

Unique citing works6
Citations per year1.2
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 6

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