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Human-automated collectives

Automating communication for social movement mobilization

Bibliographic Data

ID12656015
AuthorsCannas Kwok (0000-0003-3754-2447, Lingnan University, Hong Kong), Ngai Keung Chan (0000-0002-5848-3098, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, corresponding author)
Year2024
Volume26
Issue9
Pages4992-5012
Publication date2024-08-30
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew Media & Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1461-4448 • E-ISSN: 1461-7315
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/14614448241251794
OpenAlexW4402063437
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited45

Central to algorithmically mediated activism is the politics of algorithmic (in)visibility. Activists must consider how they can increase the visibility of their claims. Bringing together critical data studies and social movement studies, this study introduces the concept of human-automated collectives to capture how activists strategically make collective claims about and through algorithms and mobilize algorithmic tactics on social media. Using Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Bill Movement as a case study, this study explores how activists interpreted social media algorithms, mobilized others to use various tactics to amplify their voice to gain algorithmic visibility, and contested counter-movement algorithmic strategies. We primarily drew upon a qualitative analysis of two pro-movement Facebook pages that shared algorithmic tactics published between July 2019 and January 2020 ( n = 694). The study contributes to theorizing the role of activists in decoding and contesting automated media for their practical purposes in connective action

Action (physics · Aesthetics · Collective action · Media studies · Movement (music · Political science · Politics · Public relations · Social media · Social movement · Social movement theory · Sociology · Visibility · World Wide Web · Computer Science · Digital Economy and Work Transformation · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Law · Social Media and Politics

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    Open Access•Ngai Keung Chan, Charlie C Su et al.•Sociology Compass•2026

  • Epistemic Dispossession in Platform Capitalism

    Open Access•Cannas Kwok•Social Epistemology•2025

  • Contesting data power at the margins

    Open Access•Ngai Keung Chan, Cannas Kwok et al.•Big Data & Society•2025

  • Processual epistemic burdens and the struggles for recognition

    Open Access•Cannas Kwok•European Journal of Political…•2026

  • Political Machines

    Andrew Barry•Political Machines•2001

  • Digitally Enabled Social Change

    Jennifer Earl, Katrina Kimport•Digitally enabled social change•2011

  • The Warehouse

    Alessandro Delfanti•The Warehouse•2021

  • Total Mobilization from Below

    Open Access•Edmund W Cheng, Francis L F Lee et al.•The China Quarterly•2022

  • The Relevance of Algorithms

    Tarleton Gillespie•Media Technologies•2014

  • The concept of “interaction” in debates on human–machine interaction

    Open Access•Sebastian Schleidgen, Otto Friedrich et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2023

  • Social media live streaming as affective news in the anti-Elab movement in Hong Kong

    Kecheng Fang, Calvin Yixiang Cheng•Chinese Journal of Communication•2022

  • Understanding Social Media Logic

    Open Access•José Van Dijck, Thomas Poell•Media and Communication•2013

  • The Limits of Social Media Mobilization

    Open Access•Marlene Schaaf, Oliver Quiring•Media and Communication•2023

  • Ethical dilemmas in researching sensitive issues online

    Filippo Trevisan, Paul Reilly et al.•Information Communication & Society•2014

  • Disagreement resolution on digital communication platform in a self-directed political consumerism campaign

    Ivy Wai-Yin Fong, Francis Lee•Information Communication & Society•2023

  • The algorithmic imaginary

    Taina Bucher•Information Communication & Society•2017

  • Affordances, movement dynamics, and a centralized digital communication platform in a networked movement

    Francis L F Lee, Francis Lee et al.•Information Communication & Society•2022

  • Activists in the dark

    Open Access•Meghan Etter, Michael Etter et al.•Organization•2021

  • Twitter and Tear Gas

    Open Access•Molly Sauter•Journal of Communication•2017

  • Fabrication as Ethical Practice

    A N Markham, Annette Markham•Information Communication & Society•2012

  • Engineering the public

    Open Access•Zeynep Tufekci•First Monday•2014

  • Datafication, dataism and dataveillance

    Open Access•José Van Dijck•Surveillance & Society•2014

  • The end of media logics? On algorithms and agency

    Open Access•Ulrike Klinger, J Svensson•New Media & Society•2018

  • The construction and mobilization of political consumerism through digital media in a networked social movement

    Open Access•Francis Lee, Ivy Wai-Yin Fong•New Media & Society•2021

  • The emergence of network media logic in political communication

    Open Access•Ulrike Klinger, J Svensson•New Media & Society•2014

  • Enacting cross-platform (buy/boy)cotts

    Open Access•Hannah Poon, Tommy Tse•New Media & Society•2022

  • Critical technocultural discourse analysis

    Open Access•André Brock•New Media & Society•2016

  • Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook

    Open Access•Taina Bucher•New Media & Society•2012

  • Bodies not templates”

    Open Access•Becky Kazansky, Milan•New Media & Society•2021

  • Data as a Weapon

    Open Access•Y T Li, Katherine Whitworth•Social Science Computer Review•2022

  • Decoding algorithms

    Open Access•Stine Lomborg, Patrick Heiberg Kapsch•Media Culture & Society•2020

  • Folk theories of algorithms

    Open Access•Brita Ytre-Arne, Hallvard Moe•Media Culture & Society•2021

  • Platform governance at the margins

    Open Access•Brendan Duffy, Colten Meisner•Media Culture & Society•2023

  • Reclaiming the human in machine cultures

    Open Access•Simone Natale, Andrea L Guzman•Media Culture & Society•2022

  • Opinion leadership in a leaderless movement

    Hai Liang, Francis Lee•Social movement studies•2023

  • Instagram and social capital

    Shingheirobin Yuen, Samson Yuen et al.•Social movement studies•2023

  • Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption

    Seymour Flaxman, Seth Flaxman et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•2016

  • How Protests Evolve

    M S Ho, Ming-Sho Ho•Mobilization An International…•2020

  • Professionals in Revolt

    Open Access•Ngok Ma, Edmund W Cheng•Social movement studies•2023

  • Datafication and implicated networks of demobilization

    Cannas Kwok, Ngai Keung Chan•Social movement studies•2024

  • Amplification, evasion, hijacking

    Emiliano Treré, Tiziano Bonini•Social movement studies•2024

  • The Logic of Connective Action

    W L Bennett, Alexandra Segerberg•Information Communication & Society•2012

  • Humanly Extended Automation or the Future of Work Seen through Amazon Patents

    Open Access•Alessandro Delfanti, Bronwyn Frey•Science Technology & Human Values•2021

  • From data politics to the contentious politics of data

    Open Access•Davide Beraldo, Milan•Big Data & Society•2019

  • When Algorithms Shape Collective Action

    Open Access•Milan•Social Media + Society•2015

Unique citing works4
Citations per year4
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 3

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