Tackling Bullying

Adaptation and Validation of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire in Hungarian Physical Education Context

Bibliographic Data

ID12966176
AuthorsCeren Nur Temiz (0000-0001-9323-1008, Hungarian University of Sports Science, corresponding author), Kübra Ersoy (0000-0003-1683-8281, ELTE Centre for Economic and Regional Studies), Diána Szekeres (0000-0002-3442-5045, Hungarian School Sport Federation), Andrea Gál (0000-0001-6044-7945, Hungarian School Sport Federation), István Soós (0000-0002-5511-9477, Hungarian School Sport Federation)
Year2026
Volume112
Issue1
Pages83-93
Publication date2026-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePhysical Culture and Sport Studies and Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1899-4849 • E-ISSN: 2081-2221
PublisherDe Gruyter Open (PUBLISHER • PL)
DOI10.2478/pcssr-2026-0007
OpenAlexW7134957906
LanguageEN
References cited40

Physical education classes may carry a higher risk of bullying than other classes due to students perceived freedom, competitive environment, limited teacher supervision, and visible physical differences. Despite these risks, research on how teachers intervene is limited, yet this study sheds light on intervention methods perceived by future teachers who are in a critical period of professional development. Therefore, this study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate The Handling Bullying Questionnaire (HBQ) among physical education teacher candidates (PETC) in Hungary. A total 170 PETC completed the HBQ that measures the likelihood of using the strategies in a hypothetical bullying scenario. Linguistic adaptation was carried out using the back-translation technique. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis are used to examine the structure of the scale. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a construct with 22 items and 5 factors replicated the same measurement results with the previous studies. The scale explains 58.82% of the total variance. Cronbach alpha values ranged from 0.692 to 0.750. The results indicate that PETCs are not in favor of ignoring bullying but are more inclined toward authority-based strategies and involve others in the incident, while tending to work less with victim. It was determined that the strategies varied according to gender, age, and year of study. Findings indicate that Hungarian version of HBQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool for PETCS

Adaptation (eye · Confirmatory factor analysis · Construct validity · Context (archaeology · Cronbach's alpha · Exploratory factor analysis · Physical education · Reliability (semiconductor · Scale (ratio · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Physical Education and Pedagogy

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