Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes

Bibliographic Data

ID15093183
AuthorsNP Steyn (South African Medical Research Council), Jim Mann (0000-0001-7048-7844, University of Otago), PH Bennett (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), N Temple (0000-0001-9305-3053), Norman J Temple (0000-0002-2377-8806, Athabasca University), Paul Zimmet (0000-0003-0627-0776, International Diabetes Federation), Jaakko Tuomilehto (0000-0002-3424-0745, Public Health Institute), Jaana Lindström (0000-0001-9255-020X, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland), Anne Louheranta (University of Eastern Finland)
Year2004
Volume7
Issue1a
Pages147-165
Publication date2004-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePublic Health Nutrition (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1368-9800 • E-ISSN: 1475-2727
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1079/phn2003586
PMID14972058
OpenAlexW2108710614
LanguageEN
Citations received20
References cited216

Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate and provide evidence and recommendations on current published literature about diet and lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Design: Epidemiological and experimental studies, focusing on nutritional intervention in the prevention of type 2 diabetes are used to make disease-specific recommendations. Long-term cohort studies are given the most weight as to strength of evidence available. Setting and subjects: Numerous clinical trials and cohort studies in low, middle and high income countries are evaluated regarding recommendations for dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes. These include, among others, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, US Diabetes Prevention Program, Da Qing Study; Pima Indian Study; Iowa Women's Health Study; and the study of the US Male Physicians. Results: There is convincing evidence for a decreased risk of diabetes in adults who are physically active and maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) throughout adulthood, and in overweight adults with impaired glucose tolerance who lose weight voluntarily. An increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes is associated with overweight and obesity; abdominal obesity; physical inactivity; and maternal diabetes. It is probable that a high intake of saturated fats and intrauterine growth retardation also contribute to an increased risk, while non-starch polysaccharides are likely to be associated with a decreased risk. From existing evidence it is also possible that omega-3 fatty acids, low glycaemic index foods and exclusive breastfeeding may play a protective role, and that total fat intake and trans fatty acids may contribute to the risk. However, insufficient evidence is currently available to provide convincing proof. Conclusions: Based on the strength of available evidence regarding diet and lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, it is recommended that a normal weight status in the lower BMI range (BMI 21–23) and regular physical activity be maintained throughout adulthood; abdominal obesity be prevented; and saturated fat intake be less than 7% of the total energy intake

Body mass index · Breastfeeding · Cohort study · Diabetes mellitus · Environmental health · Impaired glucose tolerance · Obesity · Overweight · Type 2 diabetes · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins · Diet and metabolism studies · Medicine · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Endocrinology · Gerontology · Internal Medicine · Pediatrics

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access