The development and the factor analysis of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion from others scale in the Slovak population
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 17832467 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Júlia Halamová (0000-0002-2655-2327, Comenius University Bratislava, corresponding author), Martin Kanovsky (0000-0001-6055-6551, Comenius University Bratislava), Katarína Greškovičová (0000-0002-2070-5660, Comenius University Bratislava), Bronislava Šoková (Comenius University Bratislava), L J Blaskova (0000-0003-3019-0880, Comenius University Bratislava) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Publication date | 2026-03-05 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2662-9992 • E-ISSN: 2662-9992 |
| Publisher | Palgrave Macmillan (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1057/s41599-026-06846-4 |
| OpenAlex | W7133836056 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 45 |
Much of compassion research focuses on giving compassion to others and self-compassion, but compassion functions as an integrated flow, including receiving compassion from others. While these components are essential for well-being and life meaning, existing measurement tools do not comprehensively assess all three. The only available scale attempting to measure all three—Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales—has shown inconsistent factor structures. This study aimed to address this gap by developing the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scale from Others (SOCS-FO), analyzing its factor structure, reliability, and creating norms for its use. A sample of 3,304 helping professionals (Mean age = 41.55, SD = 11.41) participated, with an average of 14.54 years (SD = 11.03) of practice. We calculated 5-factor and bifactor confirmatory factor analyses. All 4 information criteria were substantially lower for bifactor which indicates that bifactor model is better fit. Factor loadings of the general factor are very high in comparison of subscales factors therefore we can safely use total score of SOCS-FO. Reliability coefficients (Omega and Omega hierarchical) were excellent, and essential unidimensionality was high. Percentile norms were also established, showing that helping professionals tend to report high levels of received compassion. The SOCS-FO provides a robust, psychometrically sound tool for assessing received compassion, making it useful for research, clinical settings, and professional development among helping professionals. Its application can enhance understanding of compassion’s role in well-being and guide interventions to foster openness to receiving compassion
Compassion · Population · Slovak · Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout · Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Compassion for Others and Self-Compassion
Self-Compassion
The Development and Validation of the Compassion Scale
Psychology as the Science of Self-Reports and Finger Movements
The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy
Evaluating bifactor models
Factor analysis and scale revision.
Item factor analysis
Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples
Mirt
Limited Information Goodness-of-fit Testing in Multidimensional Contingency Tables
What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures
Fears of compassion
The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Common method biases in behavioral research
Constructing validity
An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Estimation for Confirmatory Factor Analysis With Ordinal Data.
Comparing compassion across cultures
Bayesian Model Selection in Social Research
Self-reports
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
Compassion
| Citations per year | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Highly cited | No |