Melanin and Curls
Evaluation of Black Women Candidates
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 18940271 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Danielle Casarez Lemi (0000-0002-6613-2626, Michigan State University, corresponding author), N E Brown (0000-0002-5145-2811, Purdue University West Lafayette) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 259-296 |
| Publication date | 2019-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Race Ethnicity and Politics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2056-6085 • E-ISSN: 2056-6085 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/rep.2019.18 |
| OpenAlex | W2964764972 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 35 |
| References cited | 104 |
Research on candidate evaluation has delved into questions of how voters evaluate women candidates, Black male candidates, as well as how candidates’ appearances may condition electoral opportunities. Combined, this scholarship has tended to focus on how race, gender, and skin tone privilege or undermine evaluations of Black male or White women candidates. We intervene to study Black women candidates and draw on research on colorism and Black women's hairstyles and ask: How does variation in skin tone and hairstyle affect Black voter evaluations of Black women candidates? We develop and test two hypotheses: the empowerment hypothesis and the internal discrimination hypothesis. We mostly find support for the latter. Importantly, we find that the interaction of dark skin and non-straight hair has mostly negative effects on Black men and women's trait evaluations, but a positive effect on Black women's willingness to vote for the candidate. Furthermore, this research shows that hair texture is an important aspect of responses to Black women candidates—hair is not just hair for Black women candidates. This research shows that understanding the effects of candidate appearance on voter behavior necessitates considering the intersection of racial and gender phenotypes
Black women · Empowerment · Political science · Scholarship · Sociology · Trait · Communication · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Gender Studies · Media, Gender, and Advertising · Psychology · Social Psychology
Margins and Political Messaging
Comunicación política en Instagram
Glass half full
Affinity voting in Europe
Intersectional Stereotyping in Media Coverage
Sister Style
Are voters less likely to support politicians when they wear face masks
Bonnets, braids, and big afros
The Person Beneath the Hair
Color in Context
Are lighter-skinned Tanisha and Jamal worth more pay? White people’s gendered colorism toward Black job applicants with racialized names
On the Ballot in 2020
The Pressure to be Perfect
Rethinking descriptive representation in the 2019–20 US Democratic primary debates
Perceptions of stereotypically immigrant groups as darker-skinned and politics of immigration in the United States and Britain
How contact is related to awareness of discrimination against women of color
Navigating Heir Disputes over the New American South
Navigating Contentious Identities
The empowerment effect of visible political representation
Melanated Millennials and the Politics of Black Hair
Race/Ethnicity in Candidate Experiments
The Caucasian Persuasion”
Quality or Complexion? Experience and Skin Tone as Determinants of Electoral Success in Mexico
Melanin and Curls
Understanding Electability
A Certain Type of Descriptive Representative? Understanding How the Skin Tone and Gender of Candidates Influences Black Politics
In Solidarity
Descriptive Presentation
Skin Tone and the Moderating Effect of Partisanship on Assessments of Elected Officials of Color
The Political Implications of Colorism Are Gendered
What is a Descriptive Representative
What shapes voter expectations of Muslim politicians' views on homosexuality
Electoral colorism
Representation at Risk
The Cost of Political Action Committee Funding
A Portrait of marginality
When Does Gender Matter?
A Woman's Place Is in the House
Behind the Mule
More Women Can Run
The Rise of Respectability Politics
New Graphic Schemes for Stata
The role of skin color and features in the black community
Validity and Mechanical Turk
G*Power 3
Racial attitudes in America
Does Gender Make a Difference? An Experimental Examination of Sex Stereotypes and Press Patterns in Statewide Campaigns
Changing Perceptions and Evaluations of Physical Characteristics among Blacks
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Colored No More
The Latina Advantage
Black Feminist Voices in Politics
Cognitive Representations of Black Americans
The Politics of Presence
It Still Takes A Candidate
Color Differences in the Afro-American Community and the Differences They Make
Social Identity
Politics of Presence? Congresswomen and Symbolic Representation
“It's more than hair … that's why you should care”
A Visual Analysis on How the Physical Environment Conditions Relatives’ Involvement in Nursing Homes
Intertemporal Differences Among MTurk Workers
The Trump majority
Identity and coalitions in a multiracial era
Who stereotypes female candidates? Identifying individual differences in feminine stereotype reliance
Are samples drawn from Mechanical Turk valid for research on political ideology
Who are these people?” Evaluating the demographic characteristics and political preferences of MTurk survey respondents
Black Women’s Agenda Setting in the Maryland State Legislature
The role of appearance stigma in implicit racial ingroup bias
Credit Claiming from the U.S. House
Gender and body images
Chicago’s New Negroes
Black Women and the Politics of Skin Color and Hair
Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration
Election Systems and the Representation of Black Women in American State Legislatures
Support for Women Political Candidates
A Portrait of Marginality
Aristocrats of Color
Style and Status
Styling Jim Crow
Slave Hair and African American Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
The New Second Generation
The Politics of Perception
A Latino on the Ballot
Support for women political candidates
RaceandGender Matter
Do Citizens Apply Gender Stereotypes to Infer Candidates' Ideological Orientations
"Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes
Political Ideology, Skin Tone, and the Psychology of Candidate Evaluations
Ethnic Cueing across Minorities
Gender Stereotypes, Candidate Evaluations, and Voting for Women Candidates
The Consequences of Gender Stereotypes for Women Candidates at Different Levels and Types of Office
Race and Gender Cues in Low-Information Elections
The Role of Gender in Descriptive Representation
Gender as a Factor in the Attribution of Leadership Traits
An Exploration of the Content of Stereotypes of Black Politicians
Ballot Photographs as Cues in Low‐Information Elections
Psychological Sources of Electoral Racism
From Social to Political Identity
Doubly Bound
Stereotyping or Projection? How White and Black Voters Estimate Black Candidates' Ideology
Gender-Related Political Knowledge and the Descriptive Representation of Women
Face Value? Experimental Evidence that Candidate Appearance Influences Electoral Choice
The Electoral Consequences of Skin Color
Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research
The Political Representation of Blacks in Congress
When White Voters Evaluate Black Candidates
One of Our Own
Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Male and Female Candidates
Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice
Black Candidates, White Voters
The Trump Effect
Coming out in the age of the Internet
Race Trumps Gender
Intersectional Invisibility
White Reactions to Black Candidates
Behind the Mule
Race, beauty, and the tangled knot of a guilty pleasure
FOB" and "Whitewashed
Beyond the Classroom
The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order
Is Only Fair Lovely in Indian Politics? Consequences of Skin Color in a Survey Experiment in Delhi
The Private Roots of Public Action
Color Differences in the Socioeconomic Status of African American Men
The Significance of Color Remains
Colorstruck
Doing hair, doing race
Perceived Skin Tone Discrimination Across Contexts
| Unique citing works | 35 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 35 |