Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Narcissistic Responding to Ego Threat

When the Status of the Evaluator Matters

Bibliographic Data

ID19280392
AuthorsRobert S Horton (0000-0002-9939-9685, Wabash College, corresponding author), Constantine Sedikides (0000-0002-7563-306X, University of Southampton)
Year2009
Volume77
Issue5
Pages1493-1526
Publication date2009-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3506 • E-ISSN: 1467-6494
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00590.x
PMID19678876
OpenAlexW2109968670
LanguageEN
Citations received33
References cited70

Narcissists and nonnarcissists were insulted by high-status and low-status evaluators and were given an opportunity to self-protect with a comparative (evaluator derogation; Experiment 1) and noncomparative (inflated state self-esteem; Experiments 1 and 2) strategy. Narcissists engaged in comparative self-protection indiscriminately (i.e., derogating both low-status and high-status evaluators), whereas nonnarcissists showed some mercy to low-status evaluators. With regard to noncomparative protection, the findings were consistent across studies: Evaluator status interacted with narcissism such that narcissists engaged in noncomparative self-protection more than nonnarcissists when the evaluator was high, but not low, in status. Evaluator status and, more generally, source of feedback are worth serious consideration when untangling the intricacies and flexibility of narcissistic self-protection

Derogation · Flexibility (engineering) · Id, ego and super-ego · Narcissism · Self · Self-enhancement · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Narcissism and social media use

    Jessica McCain, W Keith Campbell•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2016

  • You probably think this paper's about you

    Erika N Carlson, Simine Vazire et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • The “Why” and “How” of Narcissism

    Open Access•Stathis Grapsa, Eddie Brummelman et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2020

  • A Sociocultural Approach to Narcissism

    Open Access•H Cai, Virginia S Y Kwan et al.•European Journal of Personality•2012

  • The envy-contempt spiral

    Open Access•Alexandros Raftopoulos, Human-Friedrich Unterrainer•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2025

  • Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who Loves You Above All

    Open Access•Ricky Finzi-Dottan, Adi Reisner Riff et al.•The Family Journal•2025

  • Impression management as a friend or foe? Testing mediating role of narcissism and moderating role of ingratiation

    Open Access•Rehan Ahmad, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • The effects of feelings of awe on the relationship between consumers’ narcissism and impulsive consumption behaviors

    Open Access•Mengwei Zhang, Li Li et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism on interpersonal circumplex model

    Open Access•Gamze Şen, Elif Barişkin•Current Psychology•2024

  • Are narcissists more satisfied with their lives? The mediating roles of general trust and positive emotions

    Open Access•Yuchuan Yang, Minxiang Zhao et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Dealing with Dysfunction

    Open Access•Marc-Charles Ingerson, Marc‐Charles Ingerson et al.•Negotiation Journal•2020

  • God, can I tell you something? The effect of religious coping on the relationship between anxiety over emotional expression, anxiety, and depressive symptoms

    Jennifer L Bryan, Sydnee Lucas et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2016

  • A multidimensional model of collective narcissism

    Open Access•R Matthew Montoya, Todd L Pittinsky et al.•Journal of Theoretical Social…•2020

  • When People Evaluate Others, the Level of Others’ Narcissism Matters Less to Evaluators Who Are Narcissistic

    Open Access•Harry M Wallace, Andrew D Grotzinger et al.•Social Psychological and…•2015

  • Material Meaning

    Open Access•Andrew A Abeyta, Clay Routledge et al.•Social Psychological and…•2017

  • Mapping the populist mind

    Open Access•Daniel Komaromy, Matthijs Rooduijn et al.•Frontiers in Political Science•2024

  • Debriefed but still troubled? About the (in)effectiveness of postexperimental debriefings after ego threat

    Stefanie Miketta, Malte Friese•Journal of Personality and Social…•2019

  • In Defense of Self-Love

    Julie Longua Peterson, Tracy Dehart•Self and Identity•2014

  • Honestly Arrogant or Simply Misunderstood? Narcissists' Awareness of their Narcissism

    Erika N Carlson•Self and Identity•2012

  • Validating Power Makes Communal Narcissists Less Communal

    Miranda Giacomin, Christian H Jordan•Self and Identity•2015

  • Narcissistic vigilance to status cues

    Open Access•Breanna E Atkinson, Erin A Heerey•Journal of Experimental Social…•2024

  • The role of identity instability in the relationship between narcissism and emotional empathy

    Rossella Di Pierro, Marco Di Sarno et al.•Psychoanalytic Psychology•2018

  • Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict different reactions to the past transgressions of the in-group

    Open Access•Karolina Dyduch‐hazar, Karolina Dyduch-Hazar et al.•Polish Psychological Bulletin•2020

  • Narcissistic individuals exhibit poor recognition memory

    Open Access•Miranda Giacomin, Christopher G Brinton et al.•Journal of Personality•2022

  • Positive Intelligence Illusions

    Open Access•Michael Dufner, Jaap J A Denissen et al.•Journal of Personality•2012

  • Employee narcissism and promotability prospects

    Open Access•Barbara Nevicka, Constantine Sedikides•Journal of Personality•2021

  • Individual Differences in Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Strategies

    Open Access•Erica G Hepper, Richard H Gramzow et al.•Journal of Personality•2010

  • I am the chosen one

    Open Access•Constantine Sedikides, Nikos Ntoumanis et al.•Journal of Personality•2019

  • Distinguishing communal narcissism from agentic narcissism

    Yu L L Luo, H Cai et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2014

  • Narcissism and partner-enhancement at different relationship stages

    Open Access•Anna Z Czarna, Magdalena Śmieja et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2022

  • Nostalgic recollections of high and low narcissists

    Open Access•Claire M Hart, Constantine Sedikides et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2011

  • Social threat and cognitive load magnify self-enhancement and attenuate self-deprecation

    Open Access•Jennifer S Beer, David S Chester et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2013

  • Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Strategies in China

    Open Access•Erica G Hepper, Constantine Sedikides et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2013

  • Society and the Adolescent Self-Image

    Morris Rosenberg•Society and the Adolescent…•1965

  • Target Article

    Bella M Depaulo, Bella DePaulo et al.•Psychological Inquiry•2005

  • Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

    Robert A Emmons•Journal of Personality Assessment•1984

  • Self-Enhancement

    Open Access•Constantine Sedikides, Aiden P Gregg•Perspectives on Psychological…•2008

  • Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and the Positivity of Self-Views

    Open Access•W Keith Campbell, Eric A Rudich et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Understanding the Social Costs of Narcissism

    Open Access•W Keith Campbell, Carrie Pierce Bush et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • Psychological Entitlement

    W Keith Campbell, Angelica M Bonacci et al.•Journal of Personality Assessment•2004

  • The Narcissistic Personality Inventory

    Robert Raskin, Calvin S Hall•Journal of Personality Assessment•1981

  • Narcissism and Commitment in Romantic Relationships

    Open Access•W Keith Campbell, Craig A Foster•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Narcissism and Self-Evaluation Maintenance

    Open Access•Carolnm C Morf, Frederik Rhodewalt•Personality and Social Psychology…•1993

  • “Isn’t It Fun to Get the Respect That We’re Going to Deserve?” Narcissism, Social Rejection, and Aggression

    Open Access•J M Twenge, W Keith Campbell•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • Target Article

    Bella M Depaulo, Wendy L Morris•Psychological Inquiry•2005

  • Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism

    Carolyn C Morf, Frederick Rhodewalt•Psychological Inquiry•2001

  • Power, approach, and inhibition.

    Dacher Keltner, Deborah H Gruenfeld et al.•Psychological Review•2003

  • Resilience in the Face of Catastrophe

    Open Access•Laura Riolli, Victor Savicki et al.•Journal of Applied Social…•2002

  • The Self in Social Judgment

    David Dunning, Joachim I Krueger et al.•Self in Social Judgment•2013

  • Narcissistic Processes

    Open Access•Lisa Farwell, Ruth Wohlwend‐Lloyd•Journal of Personality•1998

  • Narcissistic Illusions in Self‐Evaluations of Intelligence and Attractiveness

    Open Access•Marsha T Gabriel, Marsha Gabriel et al.•Journal of Personality•1994

  • Family and Cultural Correlates of Depression Among Chinese Elderly

    Open Access•Anna Y Zhang, Amy Y Zhang et al.•International Journal of Social…•1997

  • Mate Selection Preferences Among African American College Students

    Open Access•Louie E Ross•Journal of Black Studies•1997

  • Self and Interpersonal Correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

    Open Access•Frederick Rhodewalt, Carolyn C Morf•Journal of Research in Personality•1995

  • A Study of Narcissism, Affiliation, Intimacy, and Power Motives among Students in Business Administration

    Open Access•Lynne Carroll•Psychological Reports•1987

  • Antecedents of Narcissism and Psychological Reactance as Indicated by College Students' Retrospective Reports of Their Parents' Behaviors

    Open Access•Charles E Joubert•Psychological Reports•1992

  • Associations of Social Personality Factors with Personal Habits

    Open Access•Charles E Joubert•Psychological Reports•1995

  • A Narcissistic Personality Inventory

    Open Access•Robert Raskin, Robert N Raskin et al.•Psychological Reports•1979

  • Antecedents of Narcissism and Psychologicalreactance as Indicated by College Students' Retrospective Reports of Their Parents' Behaviors

    Charles E Joubert•Psychological Reports•1992

  • Narcissism and Reactions to Interpersonal Feedback

    Open Access•Michael H Kernis, Chien-Ru Sun et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•1994

  • Susceptibility to Infidelity in the First Year of Marriage

    Open Access•David M Bu, David M Buss et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•1997

  • Narcissism and the non-equivalence of self-esteem measures

    Open Access•Ryan P Brown, Virgil Zeigler-Hill•Journal of Research in Personality•2004

  • Narcissism and resistance to doubts about romantic partners

    Open Access•Joshua D Foster, W Keith Campbell•Journal of Research in Personality•2005

  • Narcissism and Comparative Self-Enhancement Strategies

    Open Access•W Keith Campbell, Glenn D Reeder et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2000

  • Evaluating Sources of Ego-Threatening Feedback

    Open Access•Regina L Smalley, Jayne E Stake•Journal of Research in Personality•1996

  • Narcissus Reflects

    Open Access•Frederick Rhodewalt, Stacy K Eddings•Journal of Research in Personality•2002

  • Persuasion, reactance, and judgments of interpersonal appeal

    Open Access•Rex A Wright, Virginia G Wadley et al.•European Journal of Social…•1992

  • A Sociometric Basis for Measuring Social Status and Social Structure

    Robert K Leik, Richard Nagasawa et al.•Sociometry•1970

  • Narcissism and romantic attraction

    W Keith Campbell•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Do people know how they behave? Self-reported act frequencies compared with on-line codings by observers

    Samuel D Gosling, Oliver P John et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Self-esteem and reactance

    Open Access•Joel Brockner, Melissa Elkind•Journal of Experimental Social…•1985

  • The attractiveness of an eliminated choice alternative

    Open Access•Jack W Brehm, Lloyd K Stires et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•1966

  • The Self in Impression Formation

    Open Access•Constantine Sedikides, John J Skowronski•Journal of Experimental Social…•1993

  • Attribution of attitude as a function of behavioral direction and freedom

    Open Access•Stephen Worchel, Chester A Insko et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•1974

  • Narcissism

    Robert A Emmons•Journal of Personality and Social…•1987

  • Narcissistic self-esteem management

    Robert Raskin, Jill Novacek et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1991

  • Causal inferences about communicators and their effect on opinion change

    Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1978

  • Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement

    J D Brown, Rebecca L Collins et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression

    Brad J Bushman, Roy F Baumeister•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Accuracy and bias in self-perception

    Oliver P John, Richard W Robins•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy

    Constantine Sedikides, Eric A Rudich et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory

    Harry M Wallace, Roy F Baumeister•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  • Attraction as a linear function of proportion of positive reinforcements

    Donn Byrne, Don Nelson•Journal of Personality and Social…•1965

  • A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity

    Robert Raskin, Howard Terry et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem

    Todd F Heatherton, Janet Polivy•Journal of Personality and Social…•1991

  • Does self-love lead to love for others? A story of narcissistic game playing

    W Keith Campbell, Craig A Foster et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  • Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement

    Delroy L Paulhus•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Some Principles of Stratification

    Kingsley Davis, Wilbert E Moore•American Sociological Review•1945

  • Status, Status Types, and Status Interrelations

    Emile Benoit-Smullyan•American Sociological Review•1944

  • Status Characteristics and Social Interaction

    Joseph Berger, Bernard P Cohen et al.•American Sociological Review•1972

  • Theoretical models of narcissism, sexuality, and relationship commitment

    Open Access•Joshua D Foster, Ilan Shrira et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2006

Unique citing works33
Citations per year2,06
Citation span2010 - 2025 (16)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 31

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae