The Effects of Perceived Stress, Traits, Mood States, and Stressful Daily Events on Salivary Cortisol

Bibliographic Data

ID19301447
AuthorsMarleen Van Eck (University of Liège), Hans Berkhof (University of Liège), Nancy A Nicolson (0000-0002-3106-8046, University of Liège), Nancy Nicolson, Jose Sulon
Year1996
Volume58
Issue5
Pages447-458
Publication date1996-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenuePsychosomatic Medicine (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0033-3174 • E-ISSN: 1534-7796
PublisherOvid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1097/00006842-199609000-00007
PMID8902896
OpenAlexW2139434784
LanguageEN
Citations received80
References cited63

This study examined the effects of perceived stress and related individual characteristics, mood states, and stressful daily events on salivary cortisol levels. Forty-one "high stress" and 46 "low stress" subjects were selected on the basis of Perceived Stress Scale scores from a sample of male, white collar workers. Subjects completed Experience Sampling self-reports and collected saliva samples 10 times a day over 5 consecutive days. Multilevel analysis revealed that trait anxiety and depression, but not perceived stress, were associated with small but statistically significant cortisol elevation. No effects on cortisol were found for recent life events, chronic difficulties, trait anger, or psychosomatic symptoms. Distress, as reflected by the mood states Negative Affect and Agitation, was associated with higher cortisol levels, whereas Positive Affect had no statistically significant effect. Stressful daily events were associated with increased cortisol secretion, the magnitude of the effect depending on whether the event was still ongoing and on how frequently a similar kind of event had occurred previously. Although perceived stress, anxiety, and depression did not increase cortisol reactivity to daily events, we found evidence for reduced habituation to recurrent events in subjects scoring high on these traits. Mood appeared to play a mediating role in the relationship between stressful events and cortisol secretion. These results suggest that negative affectivity is not just a confounder but is related to elevated cortisol secretion during normal daily activities. The finding that even minor events and fluctuations in mood states were associated with increased adrenocortical activity points to a possible mechanism linking subjective experience to health outcomes

Affect (linguistics) · Anger · Anxiety · Depression (economics) · Distress · Experience sampling method · Habituation · Hydrocortisone · Mood · Negative affectivity · Psychiatry · Stress (linguistics) · Stress measures · Clinical Psychology · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Stress Responses and Cortisol

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