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Associations Between Maternal Cumulative Psychological Distress and Child Subsequent Social Competence

The Role of Early Childhood Education and Care and Social Networks

Bibliographic Data

ID21392083
AuthorsKatja Tervahartiala (0000-0001-6253-0208, Department of Psychology and Speech‐Language Pathology University of Turku Turku Finland, corresponding author), Eeva-Leena Kataja (0000-0001-9324-380X, University of Turku), Eeva‐Leena Kataja (Department of Clinical Medicine FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland), Laura Perasto (0009-0003-3209-0506, Department of Clinical Medicine FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland), Niina Junttila (0000-0002-9096-377X, Department of Teacher Education University of Turku Turku Finland), Marjukka Pajulo (0000-0002-2017-1865, Department of Clinical Medicine FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland), Hasse Karlsson (0000-0002-4992-1893, Department of Clinical Medicine FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland), Noona Kiuru (0000-0002-2334-8507, Department of Psychology University of Jyvaskyla Jyväskylä Finland), Saara Nolvi (0000-0003-4959-1473, Department of Psychology and Speech‐Language Pathology University of Turku Turku Finland), Linnea Karlsson (0000-0003-2581-314X, Department of Clinical Medicine FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland), Riikka Korja (0000-0002-6833-1565, Department of Psychology and Speech‐Language Pathology University of Turku Turku Finland)
Year2026
Publication date2026-03-20
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueScandinavian Journal of Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0036-5564 • E-ISSN: 1467-9450
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/sjop.70087
PMID41863068
OpenAlexW7139984546
LanguageEN
References cited63

Maternal psychological distress may have adverse effects on child socioemotional development. However, supportive social networks and participation in out‐of‐home childcare may serve as key protective factors and promote positive developmental outcomes. This study investigated whether maternal cumulative psychological distress is associated with children's ( n = 528) social competence at the age of 5 years ( M = 5.02, SD = 0.08) in Finland. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted to identify latent classes of maternal cumulative symptoms of depression, anxiety, and parenting stress. Associations between these profiles and children's prosocial and antisocial behavior were examined. Additionally, the moderating effects of the child's age at entry into Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) and maternal supportive social networks were analyzed. The results showed that chronically high maternal psychological distress was subsequently associated with child's higher impulsivity, higher disruptiveness, and lower empathy. We found no evidence of early ECEC attendance or mother's social networks as moderators between maternal symptoms and child's behavior. Nevertheless, mother's supportive social networks were beneficial for all children and associated with child's higher empathy and cooperation skills. These findings underscore the need for early identification of maternal psychological distress symptoms. Moreover, social networks may serve as valuable resources for families with young children and support child development, even though they did not buffer the effects of maternal distress

Attendance · Distress · Empathy · Latent growth modeling · Prosocial behavior · Social competence · Social support · Socioemotional selectivity theory · Structural equation modeling · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum · Stress Responses and Cortisol

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