Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

A Race-Based Size Bias for Black Adolescent Boys

Size, Innocence, and Threat

Bibliographic Data

ID21453571
AuthorsErin Freiburger (0000-0002-4894-5279, Indiana University Bloomington, corresponding author), Mattea Sims (0000-0002-8346-2459, Indiana University Bloomington), Amy G Halberstadt (0000-0003-0349-8011, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA), Kurt Hugenberg (0000-0003-1195-6916, Indiana University Bloomington)
Year2024
Volume50
Issue10
Pages1438-1450
Publication date2024-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/01461672231167978
PMID37158215
OpenAlexW4375947258
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited49

We adopted an intersectional stereotyping lens to investigate whether race-based size bias—the tendency to judge Black men as larger than White men—extends to adolescents. Participants judged Black boys as taller than White boys, despite no real size differences (Studies 1A and 1B), and even when boys were matched in age (Study 1B). The size bias persisted when participants viewed computer-generated faces that varied only in apparent race (Study 2A) and extended to perceptions of physical strength, with Black boys judged as stronger than White boys (Study 2B). The size bias was associated with threat-related perceptions, including beliefs that Black boys were less innocent than White boys (Study 3). Finally, the size bias was moderated by a valid threat signal (i.e., anger expressions, Studies 4A and 4B). Thus, adult-like threat stereotypes are perpetrated upon Black boys, leading them to be erroneously perceived as more physically formidable than White boys

Innocence · Psychoanalysis · Race (biology) · Sociology · Education Discipline and Inequality · Gender Studies · Gun Ownership and Violence Research · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social Psychology

  • Blurred boundaries

    Open Access•Chioma Dibia, Agomoni Ganguli-Mitra•International Journal of Law and…•2026

  • The racial optics of crisis

    Open Access•Cornel Grey•European Journal of Cultural…•2025

  • Skin Tone, Crime News, and Social Reality Judgments

    Open Access•Travis L Dixon, Keith B Maddox•Journal of Applied Social…•2005

  • Experiments with More Than One Random Factor

    Charles M Judd, Jacob Westfall et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2017

  • Ambiguity in Social Categorization

    Open Access•Kurt Hugenberg, Galen V Bodenhausen•Psychological Science•2004

  • Two-condition within-participant statistical mediation analysis

    Amanda Kay Montoya, Andrew F Hayes•Psychological Methods•2017

  • Two Strikes

    Open Access•Jason A Okonofua, Jennifer L Eberhardt•Psychological Science•2015

  • Intergroup Perception and Cognition

    Open Access•Kiyoshi Kawakami, David M Amodio et al.•Advances in Experimental Social…•2017

  • Statistical power and optimal design in experiments in which samples of participants respond to samples of stimuli.

    Jacob Westfall, D A Kenny et al.•Journal of Experimental…•2014

  • Does Seeing Faces of Young Black Boys Facilitate the Identification of Threatening Stimuli?

    Open Access•Andrew R Todd, Kelsey C Thiem et al.•Psychological Science•2016

  • Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias

    Open Access•Travis Riddle, Stacey Sinclair•Proceedings of the National…•2019

  • Girlhood Interrupted

    Open Access•Rebecca Epstein, Jamilia J Blake et al.•SSRN Electronic Journal•2017

  • Race Is Not Neutral

    Russell J Skiba, Robert H Horner et al.•School Psychology Review•2011

  • Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1

    Open Access•Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder et al.•Behavior Research Methods•2009

  • Democracy Betrayed

    Kenneth C Barnes, David S Cecelski et al.•The Arkansas Historical Quarterly•1999

  • Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex

    Kimberlé Crenshaw, Kimberlé W Crenshaw•Feminist Legal Theory•2018

  • Facing Prejudice

    Open Access•Kurt Hugenberg, Galen V Bodenhausen•Psychological Science•2003

  • PerCeived

    Open Access•Amy G Halberstadt, Alison N Cooke et al.•Emotion•2021

  • African American men as “criminal and dangerous”

    Open Access•M B Oliver•Journal of African American Studies•2003

  • Through race-colored glasses

    Tuppett M Yates, Ana K Marcelo•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2013

  • The Color of Discipline

    Open Access•Russell J Skiba, Robert S Michael et al.•The Urban Review•2002

  • Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence

    Birt L Duncan•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

  • Look Black in anger

    Open Access•Paul B Hutchings, Gillian Haddock et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2008

  • Beyond the double-jeopardy hypothesis

    Open Access•Sonia K Kang, Amy L Chasteen et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2009

  • Attending to threat

    Open Access•Sophie Trawalter, Andrew R Todd et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2008

  • Dangerous enough

    Open Access•Joshua Correll, Bernd Wittenbrink et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2010

  • Danger stereotypes predict racially biased attentional allocation

    Open Access•Nicole C Donders, Joshua Correll et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2008

  • Stereotyping at the intersection of race and weight

    Open Access•Mattea Sims, Mattea Sim et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2022

  • Racialized emotion recognition accuracy and anger bias of children’s faces

    Open Access•Amy G Halberstadt, Alison N Cooke et al.•Emotion•2020

  • Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability

    Open Access•John Paul Wilson, Kurt Hugenberg et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2017

  • Seeing Black

    Jennifer L Eberhardt, Phillip Atiba Goff et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • Racial and behavioral cues in Black and White children's perceptions of ambiguously aggressive acts

    H Andrew Sagar, Janet Ward Schofield•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • Treating stimuli as a random factor in social psychology

    Charles M Judd, Jacob Westfall et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • The essence of innocence

    Phillip Atiba Goff, Matthew Christian Jackson et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • Yes, but what’s the mechanism? (don’t expect an easy answer)

    John G Bullock, Donald P Green et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2010

Unique citing works2
Citations per year2
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 2

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae