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Inclusion and Special Education

Bibliographic Data

ID22045016
AuthorsMarian Patricia Bea Francisco (De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde), Maria C Hartman (0000-0002-8380-3583, Columbia University), Maria Hartman (Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), Ye Wang (0000-0001-5127-4245, Columbia University, corresponding author)
Year2020
Volume10
Issue9
Pages238
Publication date2020-09-07
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEducation Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2227-7102 • E-ISSN: 2227-7102
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/educsci10090238
OpenAlexW3083587549
LanguageEN
Citations received27
References cited45

The purpose of this paper is to trace the historical trajectory of special education and how societal perspectives influenced the special education movement. It aims to answer if special education and inclusion have achieved their goals for all individuals, especially those with disabilities. A review of historical trends, special education laws, and key constructs showed that there were both positives and negatives aspects. It also revealed that the absence of a clear definition, standards, and objectives for inclusion and least restrictive environment is just one of the roots of the problem. Moreover, the lack of empirical studies on the effectiveness of inclusion and the lack of knowledge and awareness of the provisions of special education laws by stakeholders contribute to the issues surrounding inclusion implementation. Recommendations include that all stakeholders should have historical awareness and discriminative ability, in-depth comprehension of special education laws, and adapting the same definition, standards and clear objectives in implementing inclusion programs

Comprehension · Least restrictive environment · Mainstreaming · Pedagogy · Political science · Public relations · Social science · Sociology · Special education · Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion · Computer Science · Disability Education and Employment · Family and Disability Support Research · Law

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    Open Access•Jacqueline Lubin, Fabienne S Fernal•Journal of Research in Special…•2022

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  • Exploring parental perceptions of special education in Saudi Arabia

    Open Access•Abdullah Aljudaya•Acta Psychologica•2026

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  • A Thematic Review of Current Literature Examining Evidence-Based Practices and Inclusion

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  • ‘One child, two schools’

    Open Access•Mahra Saeed Haj Ali, Maxwell Peprah Opoku•Journal of Research in Special…•2024

  • Interviewing students with special needs

    Open Access•Amjad Islam Amjad, Muhammad Abid Malik•Journal of Research in Special…•2024

  • Socioeconomic gaps in the allocation of curriculum modifications in inclusive mainstream classrooms

    Open Access•Robin Benz, Caroline Sahli Lozano et al.•Journal of Research in Special…•2026

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  • The Best of School Systems, yet Lowest for Inclusion

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  • The effect of students’ class placement and support needs on students’ social inclusion in Finland

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  • Spatial inclusion and exclusion

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    Open Access•Halime Miray Sümer Dodur, Yasemin Yüzbaşıoğlu•Children and Youth Services Review•2025

  • Regulating Discourse

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    Open Access•Aeshah Alsarawi, Aeshah Abdullah Alsarawi et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2024

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    Open Access•Gary N Siperstein, Staci C Ballard et al.•Educational Researcher•2022

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    Open Access•Claudia Castillo Rodriguez, Nuria Garro-Gil•Procedia - Social and Behavioral…•2015

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    Linda Darling-Hammond, Linda Darling‐Hammond•Race Ethnicity and Education•2007

  • Spillover effects of inclusion of classmates with emotional problems on test scores in early elementary school

    Open Access•Jason M Fletcher, Jason Fletcher•Journal of Policy Analysis and…•2009

  • The History of Special Education

    Joseph L Tropea, Margaret Winzer et al.•History of Education Quarterly•1994

  • Assessing No Child Left Behind and the Rise of Neoliberal Education Policies

    Open Access•Dan Hursh, David Hursh•American Educational Research…•2007

  • Integration and Inclusion- A Troubling Nexus

    David J Connor, Beth A Ferri•The Journal of African American…•2005

Unique citing works27
Citations per year5,4
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 26

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