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Trust in AI

Progress, challenges, and future directions

Bibliographic Data

ID22235161
AuthorsSaleh Afroogh (0009-0004-4883-0844, The University of Texas at Austin, corresponding author), Ali Akbari (0000-0002-5000-5876, Stanford University), Emmie Malone (Lone Star College), Mohammadali Kargar (0000-0002-9911-1856, Texas A&M University), Hananeh Alambeigi (0000-0003-4310-3950, Texas A&M University)
Year2024
Volume11
Issue1
Publication date2024-11-18
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueHumanities and Social Sciences Communications (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2662-9992 • E-ISSN: 2662-9992
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1057/s41599-024-04044-8
OpenAlexW4404470920
LanguageEN
Citations received53
References cited226

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our daily lives through various applications, services, and products highlights the significance of trust and distrust in AI from a user perspective. AI-driven systems have significantly diffused into various aspects of our lives, serving as beneficial “tools” used by human agents. These systems are also evolving to act as co-assistants or semi-agents in specific domains, potentially influencing human thought, decision-making, and agency. Trust and distrust in AI serve as regulators and could significantly control the level of this diffusion, as trust can increase, and distrust may reduce the rate of adoption of AI. Recently, a variety of studies focused on the different dimensions of trust and distrust in AI and its relevant considerations. In this systematic literature review, after conceptualizing trust in the current AI literature, we will investigate trust in different types of human–machine interaction and its impact on technology acceptance in different domains. Additionally, we propose a taxonomy of technical (i.e., safety, accuracy, robustness) and non-technical axiological (i.e., ethical, legal, and mixed) trustworthiness metrics, along with some trustworthy measurements. Moreover, we examine major trust-breakers in AI (e.g., autonomy and dignity threats) and trustmakers; and propose some future directions and probable solutions for the transition to a trustworthy AI

Data science · Engineering ethics · Political science · Big Data and Business Intelligence · Computer Science · Engineering · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI · Psychology

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    Open Access•Yushu Zhou, Tianshu Du•Technology in Society•2026

  • Static models for a dynamic world

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    Open Access•Lianshan Zhang, Mei Yin Zhao•Computers in Human Behavior•2026

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  • Losing the hand on the wheel

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  • Lived, affective, and cultural dimensions of ethical AI

    Open Access•Sharon Tettegah•AI & Society•2026

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  • A necessary transition in emotional metaphor of social chatbot technology

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  • Generative AI and LLMs in industry

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  • AI adoption among young Indians

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  • Visual effect analysis of gates at modern industrial heritage sites in China based on eye-tracking technology and the semantic difference method

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  • Exploring Trust and Literacy in Engagement With Generative AI and Science Information Behavior

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  • Spectres of medical AI

    Lihui Wang•Medical Humanities•2026

  • Drivers of trust in AI across the domains of finance, law, and healthcare

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  • Reciprocal trust and distrust in artificial intelligence systems

    Open Access•Martino Maggetti•AI & Society•2026

  • Do emotions matter in AI? The mediating role of emotional response between perceived risk and trust

    Open Access•Areej Babiker, Mohamed Basel Almourad et al.•AI & Society•2026

  • The use of ChatGPT in the workplace

    Open Access•Bojan Obrenovic, Asa Romeo et al.•AI & Society•2026

  • Beyond accidents and misuse

    Open Access•Kyle A Kilian•AI & Society•2026

  • Artificial Intelligence and Political Trust

    Open Access•Danica Fink‐hafner, Katarina Kaišić•Politics in Central Europe•2025

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  • Artificial Goodwill and Human Vulnerability

    Open Access•Nicholas George Carroll•Philosophy & Technology•2025

  • Decoding user disclosure intentions in generative AI

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  • Ethics First

    Open Access•Jinpeng Wang, Xin Yu et al.•The International Journal of…•2026

  • Desire without satisfaction

    Open Access•Bilal Hamamra•AI & Society•2026

  • Developing an Efficient Governance Framework for Synthetic Health Data for Canada

    Anindya Sen, Shu-Feng Tsao et al.•Canadian Public Policy•2026

  • Friend or enemy? How perceived present and future influence of AI on self vs. others shape human-AI relations across personality mindsets

    Open Access•Xiaodong Yang, Zhuling Liu et al.•Technology in Society•2026

  • Digital Sentiments

    Open Access•Galina Vissoky, Eran Vigoda‐gadot et al.•Public Administration Review•2026

  • "Trust in AI Is a "Fluid Process

    Open Access•Maho Omori, Prabhathi Basnayake et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2025

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    Philipp Schmidt, Felix Biessmann et al.•Journal of Decision Systems•2020

  • Toward a Framework for Levels of Robot Autonomy in Human-Robot Interaction

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  • Trustworthy artificial intelligence

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    Open Access•Ingeborg Gabriel•Minds and Machines•2020

  • The Ethics of AI Ethics

    Open Access•Thilo Hagendorff•Minds and Machines•2020

  • To Trust or to Think

    Open Access•Zana Buçinca, Maja Barbara Malaya et al.•Proceedings of the ACM on…•2021

  • Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead

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  • The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines

    Open Access•Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca et al.•Nature Machine Intelligence•2019

  • In AI we trust? Citizen perceptions of AI in government decision making

    Open Access•Alex Ingrams, Wesley Kaufmann et al.•Policy & Internet•2022

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    Open Access•Mark Ryan•Science and Engineering Ethics•2020

  • Impacts of Attitudes Toward Government and Corporations on Public Trust in Artificial Intelligence

    Open Access•Yi-Ning Katherine Chen, Chia-Ho Ryan Wen•Communication Studies•2021

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    Soogeun Samuel Lee•Journal of Medical Ethics•2022

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    Joshua Hatherley•Journal of Medical Ethics•2020

  • A Bayesian Trust Inference Model for Human-Multi-Robot Teams

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    Open Access•Patrick Gebhard, Ruth Aylett et al.•Multimodal Agents for Ageing and…•2021

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  • The mindlessness of ostensibly thoughtful action

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  • Trust and privacy in the context of user-generated health data

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  • Transparency you can trust

    Open Access•Heike Felzmann, Eduard Fosch Villaronga et al.•Big Data & Society•2019

Unique citing works53
Citations per year53
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 50

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