Imprisonment and Labor Market Outcomes
Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2226158 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David J Harding (0000-0001-8866-2401), Jeffrey D Morenoff, Jeffrey Morenoff (0000-0002-8146-8590, University of Michigan), A P Nguyen (0000-0002-8211-4508, University of Michigan), Shawn D Bushway (0000-0003-4040-431X, University at Albany, State University of New York) |
| Year | 2018 |
| Volume | 124 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 49-110 |
| Publication date | 2018-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Sociology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0002-9602 • E-ISSN: 1537-5390 |
| Publisher | University of Chicago Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1086/697507 |
| OpenAlex | W2810692479 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 47 |
| References cited | 82 |
Because of racially disproportionate imprisonment rates, the literature on mass incarceration has focused on the labor market consequence of imprisonment and the implications of those effects for racial inequality. Yet, the effects of imprisonment itself, as distinct from conviction, are not well understood. The authors leverage a natural experiment based on the random assignment of judges to felony cases in Michigan to examine the causal effect of being sentenced to prison as compared to probation, stratifying by race and work history. The most widespread effect of imprisonment on employment occurs through incapacitation in prison, both for the initial prison sentence and through the heightened risk of subsequent imprisonment. Negative postrelease effects of imprisonment on employment, employment stability, and employment outside the secondary labor market are concentrated among whites with a presentence work history. Postrelease effects of imprisonment on employment among those with no work history are positive but fade over time
Conviction · Criminology · Economics · Imprisonment · Leverage (statistics) · Mass incarceration · Natural experiment · Political science · Prison · Unemployment · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Medicine · Psychology
Shift, Not Stasis
On Thin Ice
Felon history and change in U.S. employment rates
Stigma Beyond Levels
The rationality of the punishment ladder
The Network of Neighborhoods and Geographic Space
The Effect of Pretrial Detention on Labor Market Outcomes
Resiliency in Reentry, Sensitivity in Strangers
Does Stable Employment after Prison Reduce Recidivism Irrespective of Prior Employment and Offending
Does Banning the Box Help Ex-Offenders Get Jobs? Evaluating the Effects of a Prominent Example
Differential Reinforcement in Context
Incarceration, polygenic risk, and depressive symptoms among males in late adulthood
Building Connection Behind Bars
The Impact of a Multiple Conviction Record on Hiring Outcomes
Prison Visitation and the Likelihood of Post-Release Employment
Criminal Record Stigma in the Labor Market for College Graduates
Pretrial Detention and the Costs of System Overreach for Employment and Family Life
Criminal Justice Contact and Indebtedness in Young Adulthood
Criminal background check laws and labor market inequality in the United States
Noncongruent policymaking by cities for citizens with criminal records
Lights and Sirens”
Birds of a Feather Born Together? On Siblings, Crime, and Criminal Legal System Contact
The Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact
The Racialized Consequences of Jail Incarceration on Local Labor Markets
The Effect of Split Sentences on Employment and Future Criminal Justice Involvement
From Antagonism to Fusion
How Does Incarceration Affect Reoffending? Estimating the Dose-Response Function
Incarceration, Families, and Communities
Adult Children of the Prison Boom
The cycle of reentry and reincarceration
Linking parental incarceration and family dynamics associated with intergenerational transmission
Race, work history, and the employment recidivism relationship
The waiting game
Prior punishments and cumulative disadvantage
Handle with Care
The Effects of Stigma
A natural experiment study of the effects of imprisonment on violence in the community
What Is Your Estimand? Defining the Target Quantity Connects Statistical Evidence to Theory
The Declining Labor Market Prospects of Less-Educated Men
Does local context matter? Unemployment rates and the labor market consequences of incarceration
The residue of theocracy in contemporary democracies
What Percentage of Americans Have Ever Had a Family Member Incarcerated
The Great Leveler? Juvenile Arrest, College Attainment, and the Future of American Inequality
Women's Health in the Era of Mass Incarceration
Exacerbating inequality over the life-course
The Right to Work, Power Resources, and Economic Inequality
Socioeconomic factors in the age-graded effect of incarceration on depressive symptoms in early adulthood
Children of the Prison Boom
Imprisoning CommunitiesHow Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse
Marked
Prevalence of Serious Mental Illness Among Jail Inmates
The Effects of Male Incarceration Dynamics on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Infection Rates among African American Women and Men
Ex-offender employment programs and recidivism
Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables
Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments
Understanding Mass Incarceration
When prisoners come home
Perceived Criminality, Criminal Background Checks, and the Racial Hiring Practices of Employers
Incarceration Length, Employment, and Earnings
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
Locked OutFelon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy
The Effect of Arrests on the Employment and Earnings of Young Men
Instrument Relevance in Multivariate Linear Models
Research and Methodology
Homelessness and Housing Insecurity Among Former Prisoners
Unintended Consequences
Narrative change, narrative stability, and structural constraint
Detrimental for Some? Heterogeneous Effects of Maternal Incarceration on Child Wellbeing
Abolish Lifetime Bans for Ex‐felons
A Signaling Perspective on Employment‐Based Reentry Programming
Criminal Record Questions in the Era of “Ban the Box”
Deadly Symbiosis
Mass probation
Health Disparities and the Criminal Justice System
It Was Basically College to Us”
Imprisonment and Reoffending
Prevalence of chronic medical conditions among jail and prison inmates in the USA compared with the general population
The Dose–Response of Time Served in Prison on Mortality
Incarcerating death
What explains the continuing decline in labor force activity among young black men?1
Redemption in the Presence of Widespread Criminal Background Checks
Race‐specific Employment Contexts and Recidivism
Using Random Judge Assignments to Estimate the Effects of Incarceration and Probation on Recidivism Among Drug Offenders
Indefinite Punishment and the Criminal Record
Does Imprisonment Alter the Life Course? Evidence on Crime and Employment From a Natural Experiment
The Edge of Stigma
The New Jim Crow
Does Conviction Affect Employment Opportunities
Instrumental Variables in Sociology and the Social Sciences
Racial Variation in the Effect of Incarceration on Neighborhood Attainment
Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course
Punishment and Democracy
The Paradox of Probation
Mass Imprisonment
Inequality and Punishment
Home Is Hard to Find
Bad Jobs in America
The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality
Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market
Redefining Relationships
Public Emergency Room Overcrowding in the Era of Mass Imprisonment
Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health
The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood
The yard face
What You Can-and Can't-Do With Three-Wave Panel Data
Falling Behind? Children's Early Grade Retention after Paternal Incarceration
Stress Proliferation across Generations? Examining the Relationship between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Health
Out and Down
Incarceration as Exposure
Enduring Stigma
Incarceration and Stratification
Incarceration, Prisoner Reentry, and Communities
Hopelessly Devoted? Relationship Quality During and After Incarceration
Misdemeanor Justice
Don't put my name on it
The Mark of a Criminal Record
Paternal incarceration and child-reported behavioral functioning at age 9
| Unique citing works | 47 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,71 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 44 |