Integrating Multimedia Learning Principles in Middle School Science

A Cross-Cultural Study of Computer-Based Optics Instruction in Turkey and Indonesia

Bibliographic Data

ID22416113
AuthorsAchmad Samsudin (0000-0003-3564-6031, Program of Physics Education, Universitas Pendidikan), Muhammad Zahran (0000-0002-6816-3899, Program of Physics Education, Universitas Pendidikan), Hasan Ozgur Kapici (0000-0001-7473-1584, Mathematics and Science Education, Bogazici Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi, corresponding author)
Year2026
Pages1-23
Publication date2026-05-10
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueComputers in the Schools (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0738-0569 • E-ISSN: 1528-7033
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/07380569.2026.2655613
OpenAlexW7160755619
LanguageEN
References cited43

This study investigates the effectiveness of a computer-based learning environment grounded in the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) for improving middle school students’ conceptual understanding of optics and inquiry skills in two distinct contexts: Turkey and Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental design with 134 eighth-graders, participants were assigned to either a CTML-informed e-learning experimental group or a traditional instruction control group. Data from two-tier conceptual understanding and inquiry skills tests were analyzed using non-parametric methods (Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann–Whitney U). Results indicated the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements in both variables compared to the control. Notably, cross-cultural comparisons revealed a significant divergence in post-intervention conceptual understanding favoring Turkish students, despite both groups exhibiting statistically similar inquiry skills and baseline knowledge. Medium-to-large effect sizes support the efficacy of CTML principles in realistic settings. This research addresses gaps in scientific inquiry for underrepresented middle school populations and demonstrates that a comprehensive suite of multimedia principles can optimize learning in complex, authentic environments. The findings enhance the generalizability of CTML in diverse educational systems, particularly in low- to middle-income country settings.

Computer aided instruction · Computer-Assisted Instruction · Design elements and principles · Educational technology · Electronic learning · Instructional design · Teaching method · Education and Technology Integration · Science Education and Pedagogy · Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes

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