Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The Causal Relationship between Learner Motivation and Language Achievement

New Dynamic Perspective

Bibliographic Data

ID22872007
AuthorsAbdullah Alamer (0000-0003-4450-0931, King Faisal University), Fakieh Alrabai (0000-0002-5040-3022, King Khalid University)
Year2023
Volume44
Issue1
Pages148-168
Publication date2023-03-22
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueApplied Linguistics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0142-6001 • E-ISSN: 1477-450X
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1093/applin/amac035
OpenAlexW4293239515
LanguageEN
Citations received30
References cited47

It is well known that successful second language (L2) learners are motivated individuals. Accordingly, L2 researchers have tested the predictive power of different motivational constructs on language learning outcomes. However, this perspective appears to neglect the assessment of achievement as a predictor of future motivation. To assess this possibility, we first employed the latent growth curve model (LGCM) to evaluate the initial values and growth rates of the two variables. We further applied a newly developed statistical method, the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), to study the causal relationship. A total of 226 language students were monitored for 17 weeks at three time points. The analysis showed an increasing trend in the association between the growth levels of both variables. However, students’ autonomous motivation at Time 1 appears to affect achievement at Time 2. Further, the second wave of the RI-CLPM illustrated that achievement at Time 2 impacted autonomous motivation at Time 3, while motivation failed to predict scores on achievement at Time 3.

Affect (linguistics) · Developmental psychology · Latent growth modeling · Neglect · Perspective (graphical) · Predictive power · Time perspective · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Parental Involvement in Education · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research

    Open Access•Joseph F Hair, Joseph Hair et al.•Research Methods in Applied…•2022

  • Student teachers′ basic psychological needs and motivation underlie the experiences of educational quality

    Open Access•Lucas M Jeno, Chantal Levesque‐bristol et al.•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Having a single language interest autonomously predicts L2 achievement

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer•System•2022

  • Unequal trajectories? An examination of L2 development in a higher education context in Mexico

    Open Access•Nahal Khabbazbashi, Parvaneh Tavakoli et al.•Applied Linguistics•2026

  • Testing experimental-based models on the influence of teacher emotional support on students’ basic psychological needs, emotions, and emotional engagement

    Open Access•Fakieh Alrabai, Wala Algazzaz•Applied Linguistics•2025

  • How do grit and emotions shape university students’ motivation in learning English as a foreign language

    Open Access•Qiang Sun, Sun Qiang et al.•BMC Psychology•2026

  • Retracted Article

    Open Access•Lingxi Li, Masturah Ismail et al.•BMC Psychology•2024

  • Is anxiety always harmful? An exploration of the impact of language anxiety on EFL learning motivation, EFL competence and EFL academic performance

    Open Access•Zhanni Luo, Yuanlu Xiong•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Learner and teacher beliefs about motivational strategies in Chinese EFL classrooms

    Open Access•Xuejun Ye, G Hu•Language Teaching Research•2026

  • Exploring Peer L2 Grit in Relation to Grit and Motivation

    Open Access•Mitsuko Tanaka, Tomohito Hiromori et al.•International Journal of Applied…•2026

  • Effects of Motivational Interventions on EFL Learners' Learning Effort and Achievement

    Open Access•Xuejun Ye, G Hu•TESOL Quarterly•2026

  • Extramural English (EE)

    Open Access•Pariwat Imsa-ard•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Foreign language learning motivation and the socioeconomic status of Czech lower secondary students

    Open Access•Hana Vonkova, Ondrej Papajoanu et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Using WhatsApp increases language students' self‐motivation and achievement, and decreases learning anxiety

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Ahmed Al Khateeb et al.•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2023

  • The reciprocal effects of learning motivation, perceived academic self-efficacy and academic performance in adolescence

    Open Access•Gaetana Affuso, Anna Zannone et al.•European Journal of Psychology of…•2025

  • Motivation profiles

    Fidelia A Orji, Francisco J Gutiérrez et al.•Behaviour and Information…•2026

  • The Association Between Adolescent EFL Learners' L2 Listening Motivation and Self‐Efficacy

    Open Access•Mehdi Solhi, Ali Derakhshan•European Journal of Education•2026

  • Like coloured pencils in a pencil case

    Open Access•Ehsan Namaziandost, Hossein Kargar Behbahani et al.•European Journal of Education•2024

  • Autonomous single language interest predicts vocabulary achievement

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Shrouq Almaghlouth•IRAL - International Review of…•2026

  • Introducing the Basic Psychological Needs Frustration in Second Language Scale (BPNF-L2)

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Alexandre J S Morin et al.•Acta Psychologica•2023

  • The second language trait emotional intelligence (L2-TEI) scale and its relation to language engagement

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Fakieh Alrabai•Acta Psychologica•2024

  • Ending the cycle of anxiety in language learning

    Open Access•Hansol Lee, Seonghan Jin et al.•System•2023

  • Imagining, believing and achieving in L2 Arabic

    Open Access•Anna-Maria Ramezanzadeh, Robert Woore et al.•System•2025

  • Impact of group work environment and size on L2 motivation in project-based learning

    Open Access•Mitsuko Tanaka•System•2025

  • The effects of self-regulation on L2 writing achievement

    Open Access•Yara Abdelaty, Emad A Alghamdi et al.•System•2025

  • Distinct trajectories of EFL motivation

    Open Access•Jiajing Li, Ronnel B King et al.•System•2024

  • Mapping the landscape of research on the L2 motivational self system theory (2005–2021)

    Open Access•Meng Liu•System•2023

  • A review of the idiodynamic method in second language learning and teaching research

    Open Access•Quoc Viet Hoang, Van-Loi Nguyen et al.•Australian Review of Applied…•2026

  • Foreign Language Motivation and Activities During Emerging Adolescence

    Open Access•Uhing Sophie, Birnbaum Lisa et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Does motivation lead to academic success, or conversely? Reciprocal relations between autonomous and controlled motivation, and mathematics achievement

    Open Access•Elisa Santana-Monagas, Fernando Núñez-Regueiro et al.•British Journal of Educational…•2025

  • Teaching and Researching Motivation

    Zoltán Dörnyei, Ema Ushioda•Teaching and Researching Motivation•2021

  • The Psychology of the Language Learner Revisited

    Zoltán Dörnyei, Stephen Ryan•The psychology of the language…•2015

  • Self-Determination Theory

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•Self-Determination Theory•2017

  • Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Integrative Orientations of French Canadian Learners of English

    Kimberly A Noels, Kimberly Noels et al.•Canadian Modern Language Review/…•2001

  • Motivating young language learners

    Open Access•W L Quint Oga-Baldwin, Yoshiyuki Nakata et al.•Contemporary Educational Psychology•2017

  • Achievement goals and achievement emotions

    Reinhard Pekrun, Andrew J Elliot et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•2009

  • Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research

    Open Access•Joseph F Hair, Joseph Hair et al.•Research Methods in Applied…•2022

  • Grit and language learning

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer•Educational Psychology•2021

  • Beyond the Cross-Lagged Panel Model

    Open Access•Marcus Mund, Steffen Nestler•Advances in Life Course Research•2019

  • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis

    Li‐tze Hu, Peter M Bentler•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•1999

  • A critique of the cross-lagged panel model.

    Ellen L Hamaker, Rebecca M Kuiper et al.•Psychological Methods•2015

  • The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation

    Richard M Ryan•Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation•2019

  • The Effects of Teachers’ In-Class Motivational Intervention on Learners’ EFL Achievement

    Fakieh Alrabai•Applied Linguistics•2016

  • Language Learning Motivation in China

    Chenjing You, Zoltán Dörnyei•Applied Linguistics•2016

  • The Interrelation Between Language Anxiety and Self-Determined Motivation; A Mixed Methods Approach

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Fahad Almulhim•Frontiers in Education•2021

  • Three Extensions of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model

    Open Access•Jeroen D Mulder, Ellen L Hamaker•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•2021

  • Basic Psychological Needs, Motivational Orientations, Effort, and Vocabulary Knowledge

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer•Studies in Second Language…•2022

  • Psychological momentum and risky decision-making

    Open Access•Corey L Guenther, Christopher Kokotajlo•Journal of Theoretical Social…•2017

  • Fitting Ordinal Factor Analysis Models With Missing Data

    Open Access•Dexin Shi, Taehun Lee et al.•Educational and Psychological…•2020

  • Students' self-determined and integrative orientations and teachers' motivational support in a Japanese as a foreign language context

    Open Access•Maya Sugita McEown, Kimberly A Noels et al.•System•2014

  • A motivational process model explaining L2 Saudi students’ achievement of English

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer, Jihyun Lee•System•2019

  • Having a single language interest autonomously predicts L2 achievement

    Open Access•Abdullah Alamer•System•2022

  • Identification with social role obligations, possible selves, and L2 motivation in foreign language learning

    Open Access•Hung–Tzu Huang, Hung-Tzu Huang et al.•System•2015

  • Motivation in second and foreign language learning

    Open Access•Zoltán Dörnyei•Language Teaching•1998

  • Modeling the interplay of EFL learners’ basic psychological needs, grit and L2 achievement

    Majid Elahi Shirvan, Abdullah Alamer•Journal of Multilingual and…•2024

  • Motivation and second language acquisition

    Kirsten M Hummel•Journal of Multilingual and…•2012

  • The relation between individual interest and knowledge acquisition

    Open Access•Jerome I Rotgans, Henk G Schmidt•British Educational Research…•2017

  • Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis

    Herbert W Marsh, John R Balla et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1988

  • Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling

    Open Access•Nassim Tabri, Craig M Elliott•Canadian Graduate Journal of…•2012

  • Motivation, Gender, and Possible Selves

    Open Access•Alastair Henry, Christina Cliffordson•Language Learning•2013

  • The Effects of Teachers' Motivational Strategies on Learners' Motivation

    Open Access•Christo Moskovsky, Fakieh Alrabai et al.•Language Learning•2013

  • Motivation and Vision

    Open Access•Zoltán Dörnyei, Letty Chan•Language Learning•2013

  • Language Learners' Motivational Profiles and Their Motivated Learning Behavior

    Open Access•Kata Csizér, Zoltán Dörnyei•Language Learning•2005

Unique citing works30
Citations per year7,5
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 27

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae