Biology and the Future of Psychoanalysis
A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry Revisited
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23315232 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Eric R Kandel (0000-0001-7851-6902, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 156 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 505-524 |
| Publication date | 1999-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Psychiatry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0002-953X • E-ISSN: 1535-7228 |
| Publisher | American Psychiatric Association Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1176/ajp.156.4.505 |
| PMID | 10200728 |
| OpenAlex | W2138230504 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 108 |
| References cited | 71 |
The American Journal of Psychiatry has received a number of letters in response to my earlier "Framework" article (1). Some of these are reprinted elsewhere in this issue, and I have answered them briefly there. However, one issue raised by some letters deserves a more detailed answer, and that relates to whether biology is at all relevant to psychoanalysis. To my mind, this issue is so central to the future of psychoanalysis that it cannot be addressed with a brief comment. I therefore have written this article in an attempt to outline the importance of biology for the future of psychoanalysis.
Epistemology · Narcissism · Psychoanalysis · Mental Health and Psychiatry · Mental Health Research Topics · Philosophy · Psychology · Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Another Neurological Scene
Psychiatry in the real world
Chronic worry and the temporal dynamics of emotional processing
Sociología y preconsciente freudiano
Imagination and Choice
Psychoanalysts without a Specific Professional Identity
Mind, brain, and self in psychoanalysis
Intersubjectivity and neuroscience
The identity of psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts
Memoria, trauma y lenguaje
Sobre las recaídas, la mentira y la falta de voluntad de los adictos
Um paradigma para diferenciar o uso de memória implícita e explícita
Auto-organização psíquica
Happiness, Death, and the Remainder of Life (review)
The predicting brain
Some Aspects of Empathy in the Process of Psychotherapy
The Emotional Brain, Fear, and the Amygdala
Enactive Psychiatry
The entropic brain
Child Maltreatment
The origins of 12-month attachment
Resilience under conditions of extreme stress
Childhood Trauma, Personality, and Substance Use Disorder
Biting the Bullet
Introducing the Neuroplastic Narrative
Th Bulletin of the International Neuropsychoanalysis Society
Unveiling the dynamics of financial coping behaviors and subjective well-being amid income instability
Memória Espacial
Looking back into the future of psychoanalysis
Exploring Consciousness
Corrective biology
Attachment and Religion
Commentary
The effects of children’s proximity‐seeking to maternal attachment figures during mild stress exposure on mood and physiological responses
Children's help‐seeking expectations during preschool years
Classical realism, Freud and human nature in international relations
Psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Friends or enemies
Some remarks on psychoanalytic research and universities
Brain plasticity as a convergence of intrapsychic and intersubjective
Qui a peur de la psychanalyse
Commentary
Empirical Evidence and the Health of Psychoanalysis
The Psychobiology of Late Childhood
Infinite Variety and Complexity
II. Human Development
The Question of Drive VS. Motive in Psychoanalysis
Berne’s Theory of Cathexis and Its Links to Modern Neuroscience
Psychological Mindedness
The Quality of the Therapeutic Relationship as a Factor in Helping to Change the Client's Protocol or Implicit Memory
Psychiatres et psychanalystes d'aujourd'hui
After pluralism
One hundred years after Sigmund Freud’s lectures in America
Harvey Cushing and Sigmund Freud shaking hands
Contemporary American psychoanalysis
Splitting and reductive identification
From the Neuroscience of Memory to Psychoanalytic Interaction
Prospects for psychoanalysis in the 21st century
Attachment and Psychosomatic Medicine
Explicating the implicit
Letter from Oslo
Ego Psychological Contributions to Understanding Psychopharmacology and Clinical Practice in Social Work Education
How suitable is the analytic group for treating people with Parkinson’s
The development of psychopathology from infancy to adulthood
Promises and Possibilities
Social Brains
We Are Driven
Thinking about Psychoanalytic Curricula
Where Models Intersect
Beyond the death drive
Preconscious defence analysis, memory and structural change
The Güttingen study of psychoanalytic therapy
The concept of psychical trauma
Art and emotion in psychoanalysis
The Adult Attachment Interview and psychoanalytic outcome studies
Serviceable and consistent
Wittgenstein's Personality and His Relations With Freud's Thought
Validation of psychoanalytic theories
The case against neuropsychoanalysis
Revising psychoanalytic interpretations of the past
The repressed and implicit knowledge
The case for neuropsychoanalysis
Approaching countertransference in psychoanalytical supervision
Implicit memory and early unrepressed unconscious
The Nature of Sexual Desire
The Emerging Dialogue Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience
Freud and Therapeutic Action Reconsidered
Psychosomatic Medicine
Interdisciplinary Studies and Our Practice
Psychoanalysis and Empirical Research
Thinking about Curriculum
Sexuality and Textuality
Use Your Words
On the Astonishing Clinical Irrelevance of Neuroscience
From Reconstruction to Construction
Minding the Gap Between Positivism and Hermeneutics in Psychoanalytic Research
Identification
Psychoanalyisis in the U.S
How Treating Psychoanalysts Respond To Psychotherapy Research Constraints
Trance States and Accessing Implicit Memories
Freud and the Matter of the Brain
Sexual preference
A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X Chromosome and Male Sexual Orientation
Stress and cognitive function
Rief and Mourning in Infancy and Early Childhood
Loss of Recent Memory After Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions
Hospitalism
The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex
A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality
A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry
Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge
A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual and Homosexual Men
A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents
Maternal Care, Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptors, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Stress
Heritable Factors Influence Sexual Orientation in Women
Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain
A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation
Childhood Parental Loss and Adult Psychopathology in Women
Interventions that effect change in psychotherapy
The process of therapeutic change involving implicit knowledge
Implicit relational knowing
Interventions that effect change in psychotherapy
A Psychoanalytic Contribution to the Study of Brain Function
A Psychoanalytic Contribution to the Study of Brain Function
Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety
The nature of love
Homosexual orientation in twins
What Is Consciousness
On the Efficacy of Psychoanalysis
The Measurement of Meaning in Psychoanalysis by Computer Analysis of Verbal Contexts
Contemporary Animal Learning Theory
| Unique citing works | 108 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4 |
| Citation span | 1999 - 2026 (28) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 93 |