Unraveling the Processes Underlying Evaluation
Attitudes from the Perspective of the Ape Model
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23323992 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Bertram Gawronski (0000-0001-7938-3339, Western University), Galen V Bodenhausen (0000-0002-6327-1612, Northwestern University) |
| Year | 2007 |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 687-717 |
| Publication date | 2007-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Cognition (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0278-016X • E-ISSN: 1943-2798 |
| Publisher | Guilford Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.687 |
| OpenAlex | W2157460712 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 84 |
| References cited | 90 |
The present article provides an analysis of the attitude construct from the perspective of the Associative–Propositional Evaluation Model (APE Model). It is argued that evaluative responses should be understood in terms of their underlying mental processes: associative and propositional processes. Whereas associative processes are characterized by mere activation, independent of subjective truth or falsity, propositional reasoning is concerned with the validation of evaluations and beliefs. Associative processes are claimed to provide the basis for primitive affective reactions; propositional processes are assumed to form the basis for evaluative judgments. Implications of this conceptualization for a variety of questions are discussed, such as automatic features of attitudes, processes of attitude formation and change, attitude representation in memory, context–sensitivity and stability of attitudes, and the difference between personal and cultural evaluations.
Associative property · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Cognitive science · Conceptualization · Construct (python library) · Context (archaeology) · Epistemology · Falsity · Mental representation · Perspective (graphical) · Representation (politics) · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Cultural Differences and Values · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
The predictive validity of ideal partner preferences
Associative and propositional processes in evaluation
Does the future look bright? Processing style determines the impact of valence weighting biases and self-beliefs on expectations
The effect of negative performance stereotypes on learning
Implicit and explicit preferences for physical attractiveness in a romantic partner
Reading for university or for myself? Effects of context and beliefs about science on college students’ document selection
Attitude
Attitudes
Attitudes in Social Behavior
Attitude Formation and Change
Attitude Construction
Toward a formalized account of attitudes
Transportation and Need for Affect in Narrative Persuasion
The Iterative Reprocessing Model
A Sketch of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (Irap) and the Relational Elaboration and Coherence (REC) Model
Educational Leaders and Emotions
Temporal Stability of Implicit and Explicit Measures
Attitudes and Attitude Change
On the Strength of Trust
Preconceived beliefs, different reactions
Factors influencing perceptions of processed baby foods and feeding practices among Indian mothers
Mindfulness is not associated with dissonant attitudes but enhances the ability to cope with them
Selective traits and general rewards
Effortful Emotion Regulation as a Unique Form of Cybernetic Control
Einstellungen und Motivation bezogen auf kulturell-ethnisch heterogene Schülerinnen- und Schülergruppen und ihre Bedeutung für differenzielle Instruktion im Unterricht
The impact of epidemic information on the public’s worries and attitude toward epidemic prevention measures during the Covid-19 outbreak
Exploring the (lack of) facilitative effect of emoji for word processing
Automatic processes in evaluative learning
Naïve beliefs shape emotional reactions to evaluative feedback
Can video games change attitudes towards history? Results from a laboratory experiment measuring short‐ and long‐term effects
Is video games' effect on attitudes universal? Results from an empirical study comparing video games' impact on the attitude change of players with different backgrounds
University students’ beliefs about science and their relationship with knowledge about science
Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About Gender and Transgender People
How New Zealand adults who smoked understand novel tobacco ‘endgame’ policies. Qualitative analysis using the associative propositional evaluation model to determine comprehension
Is the Social Desirability Effect in Human–Robot Interaction overestimated? A Conceptual Replication Study Indicates Less Robust Effects
Transfer of Training, Trainee Attitudes and Best Practices in Training Design
Changing stereotypes, changing grades
Understanding the Relationship between Attribute-Based and Metaphor-Based Dehumanization
Affective meanings of stereotyped social groups in cross-cultural comparison
Improving implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes using imagined contact
Social Interpersonal Relationship Attitudes Toward Cisgender and Transgender Peers Among Cisgender Heterosexual University Students in Taiwan
User satisfaction with taxi and limousine services in the Melbourne metropolitan area
Psychological ownership
Perceiving an exclusive cause of affect prevents misattribution
The Associative–Propositional Evaluation Model
Pre-service special education teachers’ shared book-reading discourse
The problem with our attitude
The Advantages of an Inclusive Definition of Attitude
Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength
The Meta–Cognitive Model (MCM) of Attitudes
Assessment and Treatment of Distorted Schemas in Sexual Offenders
Emotional Labour and Indirectly Measured Attitude Towards Occupation in Explaining Employee Well-Being
Anxiety and self-esteem before surgery in patients suffering from cancer. Implicit self-esteem compensation in ego-threatening conditions
Factors Influencing University Students’ Explicit and Implicit Sexual Double Standards
The relationship between explicit self-esteem and subjective well-being
Humour in advertising
Effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on public managers’ attitudes toward digital transformation
The influence of violent and nonviolent computer games on implicit measures of aggressiveness
Implicit self-concept and moral action
I think I like you
Toward the use of approach/avoidance tendencies as attitude measures
On the determinants of implicit evaluations
Mechanisms underlying approach-avoidance instruction effects on implicit evaluation
Formation, representation, and activation of contextualized attitudes
Is the automatic evaluation of individual group members inherently biased by their group membership
Changing explicit and implicit attitudes
Sudden shifts in social identity swiftly shape implicit evaluation
What's in a shape? Evidence of gender category associations with basic forms
Gender Differences in Students’ Physical Science Motivation
Cultural Variation in Implicit Mental Illness Stigma
The Scope and Generality of Automatic Affective Biases in Political Thinking
What Can Political Psychology Learn from Implicit Measures? Empirical Evidence and New Directions
How Do Indifferent Voters Decide? The Political Importance of Implicit Attitudes
The Implicit Image of God
"Why People "Don't Trust the Evidence
Changing Implicit and Explicit Prejudice
Affective Focus Increases the Concordance Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes
When I Becomes We
Why should I read? - A cross-cultural investigation into adolescents' reading socialisation and reading attitude
Split Feelings
The Nearness of Youth
Measuring Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Foreign Accented Speech
The Influence of Paratext on Narrative Persuasion
Ambiguity and Ambivalence in the Voting Booth and Beyond
The psychology of attitudes
Handbook of Social Psychology
Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive Psychology
Dimensional overlap
Attitudes and Persuasion
Attitude Construction
Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy
The Iterative Reprocessing Model
Taking a Look Underground
A Meta-Analysis on the Correlation Between the Implicit Association Test and Explicit Self-Report Measures
What are Implicit Measures and Why are We Using Them?
Persuasion by a Single Route
Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory
Ironic processes of mental control.
Implicit Measures in Social Cognition Research
Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Telling more than we can know
Foundations of social psychology
Are “implicit” attitudes unconscious
Recent Research on Selective Exposure to Information
The Meta–Cognitive Model (MCM) of Attitudes
The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task
Implicit Attitude Formation Through Classical Conditioning
Reducing Automatically Activated Racial Prejudice Through Implicit Evaluative Conditioning
Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Sources of Implicit Attitudes
A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept
The Go/No-Go Association Task
Handbook of Social Cognition
The Advantages of an Inclusive Definition of Attitude
A model of dual attitudes
Target Article
Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength
The social consequences of expressive suppression
Associative and propositional processes in evaluation
The Sleeper Effect in Persuasion
The Influence of Negation on Product Evaluations
Associative and propositional processes in evaluation
At the boundaries of automaticity
Implicit ambivalence from attitude change
Separating Multiple Processes in Implicit Social Cognition
Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation
Variability in automatic activation as an unobstrusive measure of racial attitudes
And deplete us not into temptation
When “Just Say No” is not enough
The Automatic Evaluation Effect
On the Nature of Prejudice
When Do Associations Matter? The Use of Automatic Associations toward Ethnic Groups in Person Judgments
On the propositional nature of cognitive consistency
The impact of multiculturalism versus color-blindness on racial bias
I like it, because I like myself
How mental systems believe
Proneness to prejudiced responses
Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes
Spontaneous prejudice in context
The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories
Attitudes and the Implicit Association Test
What's in a name
Just say no (to stereotyping)
An inkblot for attitudes
Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being
Reducing the Influence of Extrapersonal Associations on the Implicit Association Test
Accessible attitudes influence categorization of multiply categorizable objects
Imagining stereotypes away
On the orienting value of attitudes
Biased assimilation and attitude polarization
Nonconscious biasing effects of single instances on subsequent judgments
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition
What do connectionism and social psychology offer each other
Contextual Moderation of Racial Bias
Easier done than undone
Stereotypes and prejudice
Relations among the Implicit Association Test, Discriminatory Behavior, and Explicit Measures of Racial Attitudes
The empirical case for two systems of reasoning
Source monitoring
The Effect of Distractions While Tasting a Food Sample
| Unique citing works | 84 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,2 |
| Citation span | 2006 - 2026 (21) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 78 |