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Individual Differences in Reading Development

A Review of 25 Years of Empirical Research on Matthew Effects in Reading

Bibliographic Data

ID23328474
AuthorsMaximilian Pfost (0000-0002-7066-0456, University of Bamberg), John Hattie (0000-0003-3873-4854, The University of Melbourne), Tobias Dörfler (Heidelberg University of Education), Cordula Artelt (0000-0001-7790-2502, University of Bamberg)
Year2014
Volume84
Issue2
Pages203-244
Publication date2014-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueReview of Educational Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0034-6543 • E-ISSN: 1935-1046
PublisherAmerican Educational Research Association (AERA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.3102/0034654313509492
OpenAlexW2122761354
LanguageEN
Citations received58
References cited90

The idea of Matthew effects in reading—the widening achievement gap between good and poor readers—has attracted considerable attention in education research in the past 25 years. Despite the popularity of the topic, however, empirical studies that have analyzed the core assumption of Matthew effects in reading have produced inconsistent results. This review summarizes the empirical findings on the development of early interindividual differences in reading. We did not find strong support for the general validity of a pattern of widening achievement differences or for a pattern of decreasing achievement differences in reading. The inclusion of moderating variables, however, allowed a clearer picture to be painted. Matthew effects were more likely to occur for measures of decoding efficiency, vocabulary, and composite reading scores when the achievement tests were not affected by deficits in measurement precision. Furthermore, moderators such as the applied analytic method or the orthographic consistency of the language were of less importance for the emergence of Matthew effects in reading. An additional meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between a baseline level and a growth parameter yielded a small, negative mean correlation (r = −.214), which again was moderated by properties of the measures. Possible explanations for the reported findings are discussed.

Cognitive psychology · Consistency (knowledge bases) · Developmental psychology · Empirical research · Linguistics · Popularity · Reading (process) · Statistics · Vocabulary · Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills · Parental Involvement in Education · Psychology · Reading and Literacy Development · Social Psychology

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Unique citing works58
Citations per year5,8
Citation span2016 - 2026 (11)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 57

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