As time goes by
Evidence for two systems in processing space → time metaphors
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23335121 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Dedre Gentner (0000-0002-5120-6688, Northwestern University), Masami Imai (0000-0001-7920-8004, Northwestern University), Mutsumi Imai, Lera Boroditsky (Northwestern University) |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 537-565 |
| Publication date | 2002-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Language and Cognitive Processes (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0169-0965 • E-ISSN: 1464-0732 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/01690960143000317 |
| OpenAlex | W2126284541 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 88 |
| References cited | 32 |
Temporal language is often couched in spatial metaphors. English has been claimed to have two space → time metaphoric systems: the ego-moving metaphor, wherein the observer's context progresses along the time-line towards the future, and the time-moving metaphor, wherein time is conceived of as a river or conveyor belt on which events are moving from the future to the past. In three experiments, we investigated the psychological status of these metaphors by asking subjects to carry out temporal inferences stated in terms of spatial metaphors. In Experiment 1, we found that subjects were slowed in their processing when the assertions shifted from one spatial metaphoric system to the other. In Experiment 2, we determined that this cost of shifting could not be attributed to local lexical factors. In Experiment 3, we again found this metaphor consistency effect in a naturalistic version of the study in which we asked commonsense time questions of passengers at an airport. The results of the three studies provide converging evidence that people use spatial metaphors in temporal reasoning. Implications for the status of metaphoric systems are discussed.
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Cognitive science · Conceptual metaphor · Context (archaeology) · Linguistics · Literal and figurative language · Metaphor · Observer (physics) · Spacetime · Time perception · Categorization, perception, and language · Computer Science · History · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition · Multisensory perception and integration · Psychology
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Space, Time, Semantics, and the Child11the Preparation of This Paper Was Supported in Part by Public Health Service Grant Mh-20021 From the National Institute of Mental Health. I Wish to Thank Eve v. Clark for Her Suggestions and Comments in the Writing of This Paper.
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| Unique citing works | 88 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,52 |
| Citation span | 2001 - 2026 (26) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 73 |