Challenges in Metal Recycling
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23344903 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Barbara K Reck (0000-0002-1594-4245, Yale University, corresponding author), T E Graedel (0000-0002-4007-3189, Yale University) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 337 |
| Issue | 6095 |
| Pages | 690-695 |
| Publication date | 2012-08-10 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0036-8075 • E-ISSN: 0193-4511 |
| Publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1217501 |
| PMID | 22879508 |
| OpenAlex | W2061216116 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 54 |
| References cited | 47 |
Metals are infinitely recyclable in principle, but in practice, recycling is often inefficient or essentially nonexistent because of limits imposed by social behavior, product design, recycling technologies, and the thermodynamics of separation. We review these topics, distinguishing among common, specialty, and precious metals. The most beneficial actions that could improve recycling rates are increased collection rates of discarded products, improved design for recycling, and the enhanced deployment of modern recycling methodology. As a global society, we are currently far away from a closed-loop material system. Much improvement is possible, but limitations of many kinds—not all of them technological—will preclude complete closure of the materials cycle.
Biochemical engineering · Business · Closed loop · Closure (psychology) · Economics · Environmental economics · Process engineering · Product (mathematics) · Risk analysis (engineering) · Software deployment · Waste management · Computer Science · Engineering · Environmental Science · Extraction and Separation Processes · Mathematics · Metal Extraction and Bioleaching · Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
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| Unique citing works | 54 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,15 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2026 (14) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 52 |