Attending to the present
Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23345682 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Norman A S Farb (0000-0002-8407-2938, University of Toronto), Zindel V Segal (0000-0001-9152-3672, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Helen S Mayberg (0000-0002-1672-2716, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Helen Mayberg, Jim Bean (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Deborah McKeon (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Zainab Fatima (0000-0001-7964-1449, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Adam K Anderson (0000-0002-6492-6350, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) |
| Year | 2007 |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 313-322 |
| Publication date | 2007-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1749-5016 • E-ISSN: 1749-5024 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1093/scan/nsm030 |
| PMID | 18985137 |
| PMCID | PMC2566754 |
| OpenAlex | W2101070580 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 140 |
| References cited | 52 |
It has long been theorised that there are two temporally distinct forms of self-reference: extended self-reference linking experiences across time, and momentary self-reference centred on the present. To characterise these two aspects of awareness, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine monitoring of enduring traits ('narrative' focus, NF) or momentary experience ('experiential' focus, EF) in both novice participants and those having attended an 8 week course in mindfulness meditation, a program that trains individuals to develop focused attention on the present. In novices, EF yielded focal reductions in self-referential cortical midline regions (medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC) associated with NF. In trained participants, EF resulted in more marked and pervasive reductions in the mPFC, and increased engagement of a right lateralised network, comprising the lateral PFC and viscerosomatic areas such as the insula, secondary somatosensory cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Functional connectivity analyses further demonstrated a strong coupling between the right insula and the mPFC in novices that was uncoupled in the mindfulness group. These results suggest a fundamental neural dissociation between two distinct forms of self-awareness that are habitually integrated but can be dissociated through attentional training: the self across time and in the present moment.
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Dissociation (chemistry) · Functional connectivity · Functional magnetic resonance imaging · Inferior parietal lobule · Insula · Meditation · Mind-wandering · Mindfulness · Neural correlates of consciousness · Prefrontal cortex · Somatosensory system · Supplementary motor area · Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes · Clinical Psychology · Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions · Neuroscience · Psychology · Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
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| Unique citing works | 140 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,78 |
| Citation span | 2008 - 2026 (19) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 116 |