Risk as a Proxy for Race
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23360656 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Bernard E Harcourt (0000-0003-2211-4159, Columbia University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2015 |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 237-243 |
| Publication date | 2015-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Federal Sentencing Reporter (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1053-9867 • E-ISSN: 1533-8363 |
| Publisher | Duke University Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1525/fsr.2015.27.4.237 |
| OpenAlex | W2136889310 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 73 |
Today, an increasing chorus argues that risk-assessment instruments are a politically feasible way to resolve our problem of mass incarceration and reduce prison populations. In this essay, I argue against this progressive argument for prediction: using risk-assessment tools to decrease prison populations would unquestionably aggravate the already intolerable racial imbalance in our prison populations and will not address the real source of mass incarceration, namely the admissions process. Risk has collapsed into prior criminal history, and prior criminal history has become a proxy for race. This means that using risk-assessment tools, even for progressive ends, is going to significantly aggravate the already unacceptable racial disparities in our criminal justice system. Instead of turning to prediction, we need to address prison admissions. Recent evidence suggests that our carceral excess was not so much fueled by the length of sentences, as it was by the front end: new admissions. The real solution to mass incarceration, then, is not to cut short prison terms though prediction, but to reduce admissions to prison.
Argument (complex analysis) · Criminal history · Criminal justice · Criminology · Mass incarceration · Political science · Prison · Proxy (statistics) · Race (biology) · Sociology · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Computer Science · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Gender Studies · Law · Medicine · Psychology
Human Rights, the Laws of War, and Reciprocity
Risk and punishment
Agency Design and Distributive Politics
New visions of social control? Young people's perceptions of community penalties
Criminal Justice Through “Colorblind” Lenses
Human Decisions and Machine Predictions
Layers of Bias
Parsing the Chicago School legacy
Probation Officer Assessments of Risk when the Youth Look Different
Five-County Validation of the Indiana Risk Assessment System – Pretrial Assessment Tool (Iras-PAT) using a Local Validation Approach
Does Pretrial Status Explain Racial Disparity in Sentencing Outcomes? A Decomposition Analysis
How Long is Long Enough
Differential Prediction by Race in Iras-PAT Assessments
The Internet is a scary place
The Contribution of Static and Dynamic Factors to Recidivism Prediction for Black and White Youth Offenders
Attribution Matters
Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
Academic Achievement and the Implications for Prison Program Effectiveness and Reentry
On Predicting Recidivism
Rudi
Machines of justice
Bias Testing of the Public Safety Assessment
The Benefits of Hindsight and Modern Risk Assessment Tools
Predictive Bias in Juvenile Risk Assessment
Smart Decarceration
Revalidation of the First Step Act Risk Assessment
Examining “Mass Probation” Through an Intersectional Lens
Where’s the Bias
Whose Job is It Anyway? Criminal-Legal Professionals’ and Community Members’ Perceptions of System Disparities
The Predictive Performance of Risk Assessment in Real Life
Improving Correctional Strategies for Women at the Margins
Racial Innocence
Public safety assessment
Prosecutor‐driven reform and racial disparities
Progressing policy toward a risk/need informed sanctioning model
The risk–gang nexus in Sweden
The downside of downsizing
Digital prediction technologies in the justice system
Can we avoid reductionism in risk reduction
Persistence and Potential Lethality in Intimate Partner Violence
Machine learning for policing
Racial Disparities in Lifer Parole Outcomes
Using artificial intelligence to prevent crime
Bail and Pretrial Justice in the United States
Technologies of Criminalization
The material force of categories
Ordinalization
How much does criminal history contribute to racial differences in arraignment outcomes
There is a common thread
Bias detected? An examination of criminal history using the Oyas-DIS for girls and black youth
That Which is Essential has been Made Invisible
Careers in Criminalization
Risk and resources
Taking the long view
Effects of pretrial risk assessments on release decisions and misconduct outcomes relative to practice as usual
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
Inclusion and Exclusion Through Risk-based Justice
Name-based demographic inference and the unequal distribution of misrecognition
What About the Kids? Examining the Visitation-Recidivism Relationship Among Incarcerated Juveniles
Is the Process the Only Punishment
Ordinal citizenship
Prison fixes and flows
The datafication revolution in criminal justice
On Algorithmic Policing, Policy, and Radical Thought
Kids are Kids
La prédiction du risque en justice pénale aux états-unis
Medicalizing violence
Intuiciones foucaultianas en torno a una nueva penalidad securitaria. Actuarialismo punitivo y tratamiento epidemiológico del delito
Atribuindo riscos e criminalizando pobres e não-brancos
Beyond monolithic threat
Fit to Protect
Standardizing Biases
Wicked Overseers
| Unique citing works | 73 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,56 |
| Citation span | 2010 - 2026 (17) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 68 |