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Cohort Profile

UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS)

Bibliographic Data

ID23364112
AuthorsRoxanne Connelly (0000-0002-3886-1506, London School of Economics and Political Science, corresponding author), Lucinda Platt (0000-0002-8251-6400, London School of Economics and Political Science)
Year2014
Volume43
Issue6
Pages1719-1725
Publication date2014-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Epidemiology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0300-5771 • E-ISSN: 1464-3685
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1093/ije/dyu001
PMID24550246
OpenAlexW2096058521
LanguageEN
Citations received105
References cited18

The UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is an observational, multidisciplinary cohort study that was set up to follow the lives of children born at the turn of the new century. The MCS is nationally representative and 18 552 families (18 827 children) were recruited to the cohort in the first sweep. There have currently been five main sweeps of data collection, at ages 9 months and 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. A further sweep of data collection is planned for age 14 years. A range of health-related data have been collected as well as measures concerning child development, cognitive ability and educational attainment. The data also include a wealth of information describing the social, economic and demographic characteristics of the cohort members and their families. In addition, the MCS data have been linked to administrative data resources including health records. The MCS provides a unique and valuable resource for the analysis of health outcomes and health inequalities. The MCS data are freely available to bona fide researchers under standard access conditions via the UK Data Service (http://ukdataservice.ac.uk) and the MCS website provides detailed information on the study (http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/mcs).

Cohort · Cohort study · Data collection · Millennium Cohort Study (United States) · Multidisciplinary approach · Pathology · Social science · Sociology · Birth, Development, and Health · Child and Adolescent Health · Demography · Medicine · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet · Gerontology

  • The Effect of School Bullying on Pupils’ Perceived Stress and Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Kirkham, Charlotte F Huggins et al.•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2022

  • The Millennium Cohort Study

    Heather Joshi, Elizabeth Fitzsimons et al.•Longitudinal and Life Course…•2016

  • The diurnal pattern and social context of screen behaviours in adolescents

    Open Access•Elli Kontostoli, Andy Jones et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Changes in millennial adolescent mental health and health-related behaviours over 10 years

    Open Access•P Patalay, Suzanne H Gage•International Journal of…•2019

  • Adverse childhood experiences and trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors from childhood to adolescence

    Open Access•Leonardo Bevilacqua, Yvonne Kelly et al.•Child Abuse & Neglect•2021

  • Lifelong exposure to air pollution and cognitive development in young children

    Open Access•Ai Milojevic, Peter Dutey‐Magni et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2021

  • Family Income Gradients in Adolescent Obesity, Overweight and Adiposity Persist in Extremely Deprived and Extremely Affluent Neighbourhoods but Not in Middle-Class Neighbourhoods

    Open Access•Michael O Mireku, Alina Rodríguez•International Journal of…•2020

  • Young Adulthood Outcomes of Joint Mental Health Trajectories

    Open Access•Aja Louise Murray, Daniel S Nagin et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2021

  • Risk of adolescent cigarette use in three UK birth cohorts before and after e-cigarettes

    Jessica M Mongilio, J Staff et al.•Tobacco Control•2025

  • Psychosocial factors mediate social inequalities in health-related quality of life among children and adolescents

    Open Access•Viviane Richard, Elsa Lorthe et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Prevalence of past homelessness, mental health and health risk behaviours among sexual minority young people in the UK

    Open Access•Amal R Khanolkar, Laia Bécares•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Mother–Infant Co-Sleeping and Maternally Reported Infant Breathing Distress in the UK Millennium Cohort

    Open Access•David Waynforth•International Journal of…•2020

  • Associations between mental health competence and indicators of physical health and cognitive development in eleven year olds

    Open Access•Steven Hope, Emeline Rougeaux et al.•BMC Public Health•2019

  • Social Class Inequalities in Children's Cognitive Test Scores

    Open Access•Vernon Gayle, Roxanne Connelly•Swiss Journal of Sociology•2023

  • Worldwide mapping of initiatives that integrate population cohorts

    Open Access•Laura Alejandra Rico-Uribe, Daniel Morillo-Cuadrado et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Early life risk factors for adolescent mental health difficulties for individuals at risk of developmental language disorder

    Open Access•Kathryn Fradley, Jeremy Oldfield et al.•Journal of Research in Special…•2024

  • Testing for Within × Within and Between × Within Moderation Using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models

    Open Access•Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Anastasia Ushakova et al.•Structural Equation Modeling: A…•2023

  • Parental Education-related Gaps in Externalising Behaviour at age 3–4 Years

    Open Access•Anna Volodina, Sabine Weinert et al.•Child & Youth Care Forum•2024

  • Does poverty moderate within-family relations between children’s and parents’ mental health

    Open Access•Zeliha E Saribaz, Lydia Gabriela Speyer et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Reporting and measuring English school qualifications

    Open Access•Sarah Stopforth, Roxanne Connelly et al.•Cambridge Journal of Education•2025

  • The relationship between sense of community and subjective well-being in South Korean adolescents transitioning to middle school

    Open Access•J H Lim, JungEun Lim et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • The unequal impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on young adults' mental health. Predictors of vulnerability and resilience using longitudinal birth cohort data in the UK

    Open Access•Harriet Reed, Ajay Thapar et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2025

  • Polygenic scores for schizophrenia and major depression are associated with psychosocial risk factors in children

    Open Access•Sandra Machlitt‐Northen, Robert Keers et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2022

  • The longitudinal role of sleep on self‐harm during adolescence

    Open Access•Michaela Pawley, Isabel Morales‐Muñoz et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2026

  • Socioeconomic and sex inequalities in parent‐reported adolescent mental ill‐health

    Open Access•Eoin McElroy, Marc S Tibber et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2023

  • Within‐family relations of mental health problems across childhood and adolescence

    Open Access•Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Hildigunnur Anna Hall et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2022

  • Large‐scale cohort studies in mental health research – strengths and limitations

    Open Access•Isabel Morales‐Muñoz•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2025

  • Does emotion dysregulation mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and internalizing problems? A longitudinal within‐person analysis in a large population‐representative study

    Open Access•Evelyn Mary‐Ann Antony, Milla Pihlajamäki et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2022

  • Sexual orientation disparities in the developmental trajectories of emotional and behavioral difficulties from childhood to early adolescence

    Open Access•Yin Xu, Qazi Rahman•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2022

  • The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self‐harm and depression

    Open Access•Bushra Farooq, Abigail Emma Russell et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2024

  • The relationship between perceived income inequality, adverse mental health and interpersonal difficulties in UK adolescents

    Open Access•Blanca Piera Pi‐sunyer, Jack L Andrews et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2023

  • Interactions between infant characteristics and parenting factors rarely replicate across cohorts and developmental domains

    Open Access•Robert Eves, Finiki Nearchou et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2025

  • Childhood mental health difficulties mediate the long‐term association between early‐life adversity at age 3 and poorer cognitive functioning at ages 11 and 14

    Open Access•Tochukwu Nweze, Michael Onyeka Ezenwa et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2023

  • Do meaningful dimensions of childhood adversity exist? Data‐driven evidence from two prospective cohort studies

    Open Access•Athena R W Chow, Jessie R Baldwin et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2025

  • Sex, ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities and trajectories in child and adolescent mental health in Australia and the UK

    Open Access•Sonia Terhaag, Elizabeth Fitzsimons et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2021

  • Stratifying early‐onset emotional disorders

    Open Access•Charlotte A Dennison, Joanna Martin et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2024

  • Unequal educational outcomes for children with similar early childhood vocabulary but different socioeconomic circumstances

    Open Access•Emma Thornton, Danielle Matthews et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2026

  • The association between 24‐hr movement patterns and self‐harm incidence in adolescence

    Open Access•Siyi Huang, Jiameng Cui et al.•Journal of Child Psychology and…•2026

  • Excavating LGBTQ+ lives in the birth cohort

    Open Access•Evangeline Tabor, Jd Carpentieri•Journal of Biosocial Science•2025

  • Sibling effects on problem and prosocial behavior in childhood

    Open Access•Zhaotian Chi, Lars‐erik Malmberg et al.•Child Development•2024

  • Does Early Child Language Predict Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence? An Investigation in Two Birth Cohorts Born 30 Years Apart

    Open Access•Emma Thornton, P Patalay et al.•Child Development•2021

  • The role of harsh parenting practices in early- to middle-childhood socioemotional development

    Open Access•Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Yuzhan Hang et al.•Child Development•2022

  • Sleep and Socioemotional Outcomes Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents

    Open Access•Mark Lawrence Wong, Jason M Nagata et al.•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2024

  • Ethnic inequalities in adolescent mental wellbeing

    Open Access•Jessica Stepanous, Patricia Irizar et al.•SSM - Mental Health•2025

  • Parental social class and school GCSE outcomes

    Sarah Stopforth, Vernon Gayle et al.•Contemporary Social Science•2020

  • Proximity to high streets, social isolation and social support in British adolescents

    Open Access•Charlotte Constable Fernandez, J Maddock et al.•Health & Place•2024

  • Ethnic differences in the relationship between greenspace deprivation and emotional, behavioural, and cognitive development in early-to-middle childhood

    Open Access•Georgia Cronshaw, Emily Midouhas et al.•Health & Place•2026

  • The challenges of assessing sample representativeness within community‐based evaluations of parenting programmes delivered in England and Ireland

    Open Access•Nicole Gridley, Grainne Hickey et al.•Health & Social Care in the…•2021

  • Using Latent Class Analysis to Model Socioeconomic Position

    Open Access•Caitlyn Rawers, Orla Mcbride et al.•Social Indicators Research•2025

  • Measuring What Matters

    Open Access•K Sollis, Ben Edwards•Social Indicators Research•2022

  • Transgenerational transmission of trauma. Heterogeneity in the experiences of mothers who experienced out-of-home care (OHC) and adjustment of their children

    Open Access•Ingrid Schoon, Samantha Parsons•Children and Youth Services Review•2026

  • Educational inequalities in Europe

    Open Access•Diego G Campos, Antti Koskinen et al.•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2025

  • Measuring disadvantage in the early years in the UK

    Open Access•Amanda Clery, Claire Grant et al.•SSM - Population Health•2022

  • Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent drug use in the UK

    Open Access•Alexis Karamanos, Kitty Stewart et al.•SSM - Population Health•2022

  • Gradients in low birthweight by maternal education

    Open Access•Lidia Panico, A Goisis et al.•SSM - Population Health•2024

  • Modelling the potential for parenting skills interventions to reduce inequalities and population prevalence of children's mental health problems

    Open Access•Steven Hope, Adrian Pearce et al.•SSM - Population Health•2021

  • The association between social media use and mental health symptoms in middle adolescence

    Open Access•Xinxin Zhu, Yi Yang et al.•SSM - Mental Health•2026

  • Mult

    Open Access•Mariane Helen De Oliveira, Joana Araújo et al.•American Journal of Human Biology•2023

  • Mult

    Open Access•Mariane Helen De Oliveira, Joana Araújo et al.•American Journal of Human Biology•2023

  • A developmental perspective on personality and psychopathology across the life span

    Open Access•Sylia Wilson, Thomas M Olino•Journal of Personality•2021

  • The generational health drift

    Open Access•Laura Gimeno, Darío Moreno-Agostino et al.•Population Studies•2026

  • Adolescent Sexual Behavior Patterns, Mental Health, and Early Life Adversities in a British Birth Cohort

    Open Access•Yin Xu, Sam Norton et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2021

  • Self-esteem mediates the association of leisure activities with adolescents’ mental health difficulties and prosocial behavior

    Open Access•Mengya Zhao, Adam Rutland et al.•Journal of Leisure Research•2025

  • Overweight risk in early adolescence according to children’s BMI growth channelling changes in international growth standard/references

    Open Access•Mariane Helen De Oliveira, Joana Araújo et al.•Public Health Nutrition•2025

  • Open-skills sports, especially team ball games, are associated with adolescents’ cognitive abilities

    Open Access•Yuxi Zhou, Wu Youyou et al.•Cognitive Development•2025

  • Individual-level predictors of young children’s aspirations

    Open Access•Vanessa Moulton, Eirini Flouri et al.•Research Papers in Education•2018

  • Inequalities in Resources for Preschool-Age Children by Parental Education

    Open Access•Jane Waldfogel, J Kwon et al.•European Journal of Population /…•2023

  • Natural history of mental health competence from childhood to adolescence

    Open Access•Mary O''Connor, Sarah J Arnup et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2022

  • Early family socioeconomic status and asthma-related outcomes in school-aged children

    Open Access•Junwen Yang-Huang, J J Mcgrath et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2025

  • Household income and maternal education in early childhood and activity-limiting chronic health conditions in late childhood

    Neal Spencer, J Ludvigsson et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2022

  • Impact of family childhood adversity on risk of violence and involvement with police in adolescence

    Open Access•Nicholas Kofi Adjei, Kenisha Russell Jonsson et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2025

  • Impact of lockdown on key workers

    Open Access•Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu, Andrew D Wong et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2021

  • Ethnic group, socioeconomic position and pregnancy outcome

    Open Access•Ian Henderson, Siobhan Quenby•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2025

  • Long Covid and financial outcomes

    Open Access•Rebecca Rhead, Jacques Wels et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2024

  • Does environment influence childhood BMI? A longitudinal analysis of children aged 3–11

    Babette C van der Zwaard, Annemarie A H Schalkwijk et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2018

  • Socioeconomic differences in children’s growth trajectories from infancy to early adulthood

    Cathal Mccrory, Neil O’Leary et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2017

  • How well can poor child health and development be predicted by data collected in early childhood

    Open Access•Viviane S Straatmann, Adrian Pearce et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2018

  • Changes in the behavioural determinants of health during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•David Bann, Aase Villadsen et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2021

  • Is there space for dyslexia in high‐attainment educational environments? Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study into attainment grouping in English primary schools

    Open Access•Esther Alice Outram•British Educational Research…•2025

  • Lost learning

    Open Access•Emma Thornton, Qiqi Cheng et al.•British Educational Research…•2025

  • The relationship between child behaviour problems at school entrance and teenage vocabulary acquisition

    Open Access•Samantha Parsons, Sam Parsons et al.•British Educational Research…•2021

  • Intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage

    Open Access•Samantha Parsons, Elizabeth Fitzsimons et al.•British Educational Research…•2023

  • Peer Bullying Victimization Trajectories for Sexually and Gender Diverse Youth from Early Childhood to Late Adolescence

    Open Access•Jingyi Huang, Tessa M L Kaufman et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2024

  • Mental Health in Ethnic Minority Populations in the UK

    Open Access•Simran Bains, Leslie Morrison Gutman•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2021

  • Just because we can does not mean we should

    Open Access•Lisa Holmes, R Hood et al.•The British Journal of Social Work•2026

  • Spatial working memory in young adolescents with different childhood trajectories of internalizing, conduct and hyperactivity/inattention problems

    Open Access•Yulin Kuang, Eirini Flouri•British Journal of Educational…•2021

  • Physical activity, sports participation and school exclusion

    Open Access•A J Brinkley•British Journal of Educational…•2024

  • Neuroticism and Sexual Orientation-Based Victimization as Mediators of Sexual Orientation Disparities in Mental Health

    Open Access•Yin Xu, Scott Montgomery et al.•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2022

  • Do occupational aspirations of children help to explain ethnic differences in labour market outcomes

    Open Access•Samantha Parsons, Sam Parsons et al.•New Community•2026

  • Statistical modelling of key variables in social survey data analysis

    Open Access•Roxanne Connelly, Vernon Gayle et al.•Methodological Innovations•2016

  • Embodied Cognition and the Structure of Personality

    Open Access•Dimitris I Tsomokos•Journal of Personality•2025

  • The role of administrative data in the big data revolution in social science research

    Open Access•Roxanne Connelly, Christopher J Playford et al.•Social Science Research•2016

  • An Investigation of the Consistency of Parental Occupational Information in UK Birth Records and a National Social Survey

    Open Access•Roxanne Connelly, Vernon Gayle•European Sociological Review•2017

  • Understanding Society at 10 Years

    Open Access•Lucinda Platt, Gundi Knies et al.•European Sociological Review•2021

  • Do you like school? Social class, gender, ethnicity and pupils' educational enjoyment

    Open Access•Sarah Stopforth, Roxanne Connelly et al.•British Journal of Sociology•2024

  • An investigation of social class inequalities in general cognitive ability in two British birth cohorts

    Open Access•Roxanne Connelly, Vernon Gayle•British Journal of Sociology•2019

  • The intergenerational transmission of language skill

    Open Access•Alice Sullivan, Vanessa Moulton et al.•British Journal of Sociology•2021

  • Secondary data analysis of British population cohort studies

    Open Access•Sophie Nicole Cave, Sophie Von Stumm•British Journal of Educational…•2021

  • Alloparental Support and Infant Psychomotor Developmental Delay

    Open Access•David Waynforth•Human Nature•2024

  • RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís)

    Open Access•Susana Cararo Confortin, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro et al.•Cadernos de Saude Publica•2021

  • Risk factors for childhood obesity at age 5

    Open Access•Sinead Brophy, Roxanne Cooksey et al.•BMC Public Health•2009

  • Prevalence of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and impact on birth weight

    Open Access•C Ward, Sarah Lewis et al.•BMC Public Health•2007

  • An ecological systems approach to examining risk factors for early childhood overweight

    Summer Sherburne Hawkin, S S Hawkins et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2009

  • The psychosocial context of pregnancy smoking and quitting in the Millennium Cohort Study

    Kate E Pickett, Richard G Wilkinson et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2009

  • Effects of Parental Leave and Work Hours on Fathers' Involvement With Their Babies

    Sakiko Tanaka, Jane Waldfogel•Community Work & Family•2007

  • Non-residential Fatherhood and Child Involvement

    Open Access•Kathleen Kiernan•Journal of Social Policy•2006

Unique citing works105
Citations per year9,55
Citation span2015 - 2026 (12)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 103

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