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Bibliographic Data

ID23749464
AuthorsWendy Wood (0000-0002-6117-558X, University of Southern California), Alice H Eagly (0000-0003-4938-9101, Northwestern University)
Year2010
Publication date2010-06-30
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeOTHER
VenueHandbook of Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001017
OpenAlexW4211064095
ISBN9780470561119
LanguageEN
Citations received59
References cited302

17.1 Biosocial Causes of Men's and Women's Behavior 17.2 Distal and Proximal Causes of Sex Differences and Similarities 17.3 Gender Roles 17.4 Roles Guide Behavior 17.5 Influence of Gender Identities 17.6 Influence of Social Expectations 17.7 Empirical Evidence for Sex Differences and Similarities 17.8 Male and Female Social Roles are Rooted in a Biosocial Reality 17.9 Temporal and Cultural Change in Sex Differences 17.10 Summary

Biosocial theory · Developmental psychology · Personality · Sociology · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Gender Studies · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Complex Identities, Complex Outcomes

    Open Access•Ilias Kassaras, Panagiotis Kordoutis•Journal of Bisexuality•2026

  • Sex Stereotypes and Child Physical Abuse

    Open Access•Christopher Leone, LouAnne B Hawkins et al.•Psychological Reports•2024

  • Gender

    Open Access•Janine Bosak, Alice H Eagly•Wiley Encyclopedia of Management•2015

  • Surveying the Moral Landscape

    Open Access•Ronnie Janoff‐bulman, Ronnie Janoff-Bulman et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2013

  • Nurturing Entrepreneurs’ Work–Family Balance

    Open Access•Kimberly A Eddleston, Gary N Powell•Entrepreneurship Theory and…•2012

  • Social Role Theory of Sex Differences

    Open Access•Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood•2016

  • Navigating Social Roles in Pursuit of Important Goals

    Open Access•Amanda B Diekman, Mia Steinberg•Social and Personality Psychology…•2013

  • A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Sexting Motives and Attitudes

    Open Access•Arta Dodaj, Kristina Sesar et al.•Human Behavior and Emerging…•2022

  • Unpacking the Link Between Top Manager Gender and Firm Involvement in Bribery

    Open Access•Dawit Z Assefa, Bisrat A Misganaw et al.•Business & Society•2026

  • Dispositional authenticity, facilitativeness, femininity ideology, and dyadic relationship functioning in opposite‐gender couples

    Open Access•Shun Chen, David Murphy et al.•Asian Journal Of Social Psychology•2024

  • Sex and attitudinal gender

    Open Access•Leire Gartzia•Current Psychology•2024

  • Proportion of women in work teams and team performance

    Open Access•Marija Davcheva, Vicente González-Romá•Current Psychology•2023

  • Alone or together

    Open Access•Øystein O Skaar, Rolf Reber•Scandinavian Journal of Psychology•2023

  • Bigger isn’t always better

    Evanya A Musolino, Brian P O’connor et al.•The Journal of Social Psychology•2022

  • Victims Become Covert Aggressors

    Caina Li, Qingling Zhao et al.•The Journal of Psychology•2021

  • Is Low Power Associated With Submission During Marital Conflict? Moderating Roles of Gender and Traditional Gender Role Beliefs

    Open Access•Paula R Pietromonaco, Nickola C Overall et al.•Social Psychological and…•2021

  • The Role of Gender Identity in Well-Being and Psychosexual Aspects

    Open Access•Ilias Kassaras, Panagiotis Kordoutis•Interpersona An International…•2025

  • The role of androgyny in leader prototypes over four decades

    Open Access•Gary N Powell, D Anthony Butterfield•Gender in Management An…•2015

  • Think transformational leadership – Think female

    Open Access•Christiane R Stempel, Thomas Rigotti et al.•Leadership•2015

  • Women’s and men’s role in culture of honor endorsement within families

    Open Access•Esther López‐Zafra, Noelia Rodriguez-Espartal et al.•European Journal of Women s Studies•2019

  • Evaluations of Men in Domestic Roles in Canada, Norway, Poland, and India

    Open Access•Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza Kosakowska‐berezecka et al.•The Journal of Men s Studies•2017

  • Psychological empowerment and exercising

    Open Access•Magdalena Mosanya, Seada Kassie•Journal of Community & Applied…•2024

  • Feminist Lens on Gender Roles in Entrepreneurial Intention and Implementation

    Open Access•Jakub Golik, Julita Wasilczuk•Gender Work and Organization•2025

  • Gender diversity, inclusive innovation and firm performance

    Open Access•Marı́a del Mar Fuentes Fuentes, Cristina Quintana García et al.•Sustainable Development•2023

  • IV. Has the psychology of women stopped playing handmaiden to social values

    Open Access•Alice H Eagly•Feminism & Psychology•2016

  • An Intersectional Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Stereotypes

    Open Access•Negin Ghavami, Letitia Anne Peplau•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2012

  • Using Gender-Inclusive Restrooms Promotes Positive Attitudes Toward Trans and Non-Binary People

    Open Access•Rebecca Baumler, N A Palomares•Sex Roles•2025

  • Extending the Legacy of Sandra Bem

    Open Access•Moira Dean, M Lee Dean et al.•Sex Roles•2016

  • The Unbearable Weight of Gender Inequalities

    Open Access•Stefano Ciaffoni, M Rubini et al.•Sex Roles•2025

  • Untangling Life Goals and Occupational Stereotypes in Men’s and Women’s Career Interest

    Open Access•The Alabama STEM Education Research Team, Joan M Barth et al.•Sex Roles•2015

  • Explaining Penalties and Rewards for Gender Norm Violations

    Open Access•Hannah B Eareckson, Madeline E Heilman•Sex Roles•2024

  • Feminine Gender Role Discrepancy Strain and Women’s Self-Esteem in Daily and Weekly Life

    Open Access•Auguste G Harrington, Nickola C Overall et al.•Sex Roles•2022

  • Cognitive and Personality Characteristics of Masculinity and Femininity Predict Wayfinding Competence and Strategies of Men and Women

    Open Access•Yingying Yang, Edward C Merrill•Sex Roles•2016

  • Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

    Open Access•Wendy Wood, Alice H Eagly•Sex Roles•2015

  • Riot Like a Girl? Gender-Stereotypical Associations Boost Support for Feminist Online Campaigns

    Open Access•Marta Witkowska, Marta Beneda et al.•Sex Roles•2024

  • When do Gender Stereotypes Impair Math Performance? A Study of Stereotype Threat Among Ugandan Adolescents

    Open Access•Katherine Picho, Toni Schmader•Sex Roles•2017

  • Exploring Gender Identity Cues in Email Signature Blocks

    Open Access•Rebecca Baumler, N A Palomares et al.•Psychology of Language and…•2025

  • Synergistic or Siloed? Communicative practices in dual‐earner parents' boundary navigation and implications for gendered work‐family experiences

    Open Access•Jasmine Kelland, Laura Radcliffe et al.•Applied Psychology•2024

  • Gender norms and social norms

    Open Access•Ben Cislaghi, Lori Heise•Sociology of Health & Illness•2020

  • The Nature–Nurture Debates

    Open Access•Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood•Perspectives on Psychological…•2013

  • Role Conflict and Work‐Life (Dis)Integration During the Covid‐19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Angelique Nevarez Maes, C Werner et al.•Gender Work and Organization•2026

  • On the Functional Relationships Among Sexual Orientation, Masculine and Feminine Gender Role Orientation, and Sociosexual Orientation in Young Heterosexual and Lesbian Women

    Lea Waldis, Natalie Borter et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2020

  • The Effects of Sex and Gender-Role Characteristics on Facets of Sociosexuality in Heterosexual Young Adults

    Thomas H Rammsayer, Natalie Borter et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2016

  • When does market hostility curtail competitive performance through diminished entrepreneurial efforts? Buffering effects of women entrepreneurs’ family business support

    Open Access•Dirk De Clercq, Eugène Kaciak et al.•Small Business Economics•2022

  • Save women entrepreneurs

    Open Access•Tchapo Gbandi, Ayira Korem et al.•Small Business Economics•2024

  • Gender

    Open Access•Wendy Wood, C L Ridgeway•Social Psychology Quarterly•2010

  • Relationship Satisfaction in Relation to Gender Essentialism and Gender Equality Views

    Dorottya Ocsenás, Judit Kovács•Marriage & Family Review•2026

  • Sex differences in adolescent physical aggression

    Open Access•Amy E Nivette, Alex Sutherland et al.•Aggressive Behavior•2019

  • Sex differences in aggression among children of low and high gender inequality backgrounds

    Open Access•Amy E Nivette, Manuel P Eisner et al.•Aggressive Behavior•2014

  • Status and inclusion, anger and sadness

    Open Access•Sarai Blincoe, Monica J Harris•European Journal of Social…•2011

  • The meaning of tears

    Open Access•Agneta H Fischer, Agneta Fischer et al.•European Journal of Social…•2013

  • Power, Gender, and Group Discussion

    Open Access•Tali Mendelberg, Christopher F Karpowitz•Political Psychology•2016

  • Working From Home and Work-Family Conflict

    Open Access•Deniz Yucel, Inga Laß•Social Indicators Research•2024

  • Why Trump and Clinton won and lost

    Open Access•Gary N Powell, D Anthony Butterfield et al.•Equal Opportunities International•2018

  • Female underrepresentation in project-based organizations exposes organizational isomorphism

    Open Access•Marzena Baker, Erica French•Equal Opportunities International•2018

  • "The story of the "now-women

    Ben Cislaghi•Development in Practice•2018

  • Just married

    Open Access•Suleman Lazaru•International Social Science…•2019

  • Work-Life Balance among Women in the Informal Sector

    Joshua Onuenyim Nweke, Chibugo Moses Oketa et al.•The Nigerian Journal of Sociology…•2024

  • Gender Roles and Expectations

    Open Access•Susana A Eisenchla•SAGE Open•2013

  • Children of Different Worlds

    Beatrice Whiting, Carolyn Edwards•Children of Different Worlds•1992

  • Gender

    Suzanne J Kessler, Wendy Mckenna•Gender•1985

  • Sex difference in testosterone response to a video game contest

    Open Access•A Mazur, Elizabeth J Susman et al.•Evolution and Human Behavior•1997

  • Testosterone, cortisol, and women's competition

    Open Access•Helen S Bateup, Alan Booth et al.•Evolution and Human Behavior•2002

  • Sex differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)

    Open Access•Gerianne M Alexander, Melissa Hines•Evolution and Human Behavior•2002

  • Advances In Experimental Social Psychology

    Bertram Gawronski•Advances in Experimental Social…•2022

  • The Impact of Women in Congress

    Debra L Dodson•The Impact of Women in Congress…•2006

  • Sex Differences in Social Behavior

    Alice H Eagly•Sex Differences in Social Behavior•2013

  • Stereotype Threat

    Open Access•Jacques-Philippe Leyens, Jacques‐Philippe Leyens et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2000

  • Evolution of Infant and Young Child Feeding

    Daniel Sellen, Daniel W Sellen•Annual Review of Nutrition•2007

  • Gender Similarities Characterize Math Performance

    Open Access•Janet Shibley Hyde, Sara M Lindberg et al.•Science•2008

  • Marriage and fatherhood are associated with lower testosterone in males

    Open Access•P B Gray, Sonya M Kahlenberg et al.•Evolution and Human Behavior•2002

  • Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers

    Open Access•A Storey, A E Storey•Evolution and Human Behavior•2000

  • Essentializing Differences Between Women and Men

    Open Access•Deborah A Prentice, Dale T Miller•Psychological Science•2006

  • The Law About Liquids

    Open Access•Hyam Maccoby•Journal for the Study of the New…•1998

  • Testosterone and human aggression

    Open Access•Jeff Archer, John Archer•Neuroscience & Biobehavioral…•2006

  • Gender in Psychology

    A J Stewart, Christa McDermott•Annual Review of Psychology•2004

  • Spontaneous Inferences, Implicit Impressions, and Implicit Theories

    James S Uleman, A Saribay et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2008

  • Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor

    Open Access•J Coates, J M Coates et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2008

  • Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress

    Open Access•Markus Heinrichs, Thomas Baumgartner et al.•Biological Psychiatry•2003

  • The neural basis of romantic love

    Andreas Bartels, Semir Zeki•NeuroReport•2000

  • Essentialist beliefs about social categories

    Open Access•Nick Haslam, Louis Rothschild et al.•British Journal of Social…•2000

  • Social Psychology As A Minor Footnote

    Henri Tajfel•Contemporary Psychology•1978

  • Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television

    Martha M Lauzen, D Dozier et al.•Journal of Broadcasting &…•2008

  • An Integrated Review of Indirect, Relational, and Social Aggression

    Open Access•Jeff Archer, John Archer et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • The Five Sexes

    Open Access•A Fausto-Sterling, Anne Fausto‐sterling•The Sciences•1993

  • Biobehavioral responses to stress in females

    Shelley E Taylor, Laura Cousino Klein et al.•Psychological Review•2000

  • Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior

    Open Access•Celina C C Cohen-Bendahan, Cornelieke van de Beek et al.•Neuroscience & Biobehavioral…•2005

  • Co–Rumination in the Friendships of Girls and Boys

    Open Access•Amanda J Rose•Child Development•2002

  • Testosterone and dominance in men

    Open Access•A Mazur, Alan Booth•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•1998

  • The emergence of humans

    Open Access•H Kaplan, Hillard S Kaplan et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2002

  • Direct and Indirect Aggression During Childhood and Adolescence

    Open Access•Noel A Card, Brian D Stucky et al.•Child Development•2008

  • The relation between gender and emotion in different cultures

    Open Access•Agneta H Fischer, Agneta Fischer et al.•Gender and Emotion•2000

  • An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance.

    Toni Schmader, Michaela Johns et al.•Psychological Review•2008

  • A Neurobehavioral Model of Affiliative Bonding

    Open Access•Richard A Depue, jeannine v morrone-strupinsky•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2005

  • The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love

    Open Access•Andreas Bartels, Semir Zeki•NeuroImage•2004

  • Physician Gender Effects in Medical Communication

    Debra L Roter, Debra Roter et al.•JAMA•2002

  • Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

    Alice H Eagly, Steven J Karau•Psychological Review•2002

  • Implicit Measures in Social Cognition Research

    Russell H Fazio, Michael A Olson•Annual Review of Psychology•2003

  • The gender similarities hypothesis.

    Janet Shibley Hyde•American Psychologist•2005

  • Sex differences in human mate preferences

    Open Access•David M Bu, David M Buss•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•1989

  • Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.

    Kay Bussey, Albert Bandura•Psychological Review•1999

  • Understanding and sharing intentions

    Open Access•M Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter et al.•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2005

  • Human groups and social categories

    Henri Tajfel•Human groups and social categories•1981

  • Sociological perspectives on social psychology

    Gary Alan Fine, James S House et al.•Sociological perspectives on…•1995

  • Children of Six Cultures

    Beatrice B Whiting, John W M Whiting et al.•Children of Six Cultures•1975

  • Standards and Expectancies

    Monica Biernat•Standards and Expectancies•2012

  • Gender and Social Influence

    Open Access•Linda L Carli•Journal of Social Issues•2001

  • Description and Prescription

    Open Access•Madeline E Heilman•Journal of Social Issues•2001

  • Contending with group image

    Claude M Steele, J Spencer et al.•Advances in Experimental Social…•2002

  • Social Support in Couples

    Carolyn Cutrona, Carolyn E Cutrona•Social Support in Couples•1996

  • Gender, Nature, and Nurture

    Richard A Lippa•Gender, nature, and nurture•2005

  • Gender-Stereotypic Images of Occupations Correspond to the Sex Segregation of Employment

    Open Access•Mary Ann Cejka, Alice H Eagly•Personality and Social Psychology…•1999

  • Measuring Trends in Leisure

    Mark Aguiar, Erik Hurst•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2007

  • Social Dominance

    Open Access•Jim Sidanius, Felicia Pratto•Social Dominance•1999

  • Knowing Is Half the Battle

    Open Access•Michaela Johns, Michael Johns et al.•Psychological Science•2005

  • Automatic Stereotyping

    Open Access•Mahzarin R Banaji, Curtis D Hardin•Psychological Science•1996

  • The measurement of psychological androgyny

    Sandra L Bem•Journal of Consulting and…•1974

  • The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice

    Open Access•Irene V Blair•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Stereotype Susceptibility

    Open Access•Margaret Shih, Todd L Pittinsky et al.•Psychological Science•1999

  • Gender schema theory

    Sandra Lipsitz Bem, Sandra Lipsitz•Psychological Review•1981

  • Implicit Self-Concept and Evaluative Implicit Gender Stereotypes

    Open Access•Laurie A Rudman, Anthony G Greenwald et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2001

  • Masculinity and Femininity

    Janet T Spence, Robert L Helmreich•Masculinity and Femininity•1978

  • Rising Tide

    Open Access•Ronald Inglehart, P Norris•Rising Tide•2003

  • Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead

    Open Access•Victoria L Brescoll, Eric Luis Uhlmann•Psychological Science•2008

  • A Collective Self-Esteem Scale

    Open Access•Riia Luhtanen, Jennifer Crocker•Personality and Social Psychology…•1992

  • Signaling Threat

    Open Access•Mary C Murphy, Claude M Steele et al.•Psychological Science•2007

  • Putting gender into context

    Kay Deaux, Brenda Major•Psychological Review•1987

  • Expectancies and Interpersonal Processes

    David T Miller, William D Turnbull et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•1986

  • Stigma as Ego Depletion

    Open Access•Michael Inzlicht, Linda McKay et al.•Psychological Science•2006

  • One Hundred Years of Social Psychology Quantitatively Described

    Open Access•F Richard, F D Richard et al.•Review of General Psychology•2003

  • Consuming Images

    Open Access•Paul Davies, Paul G Davies et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Confronting Prejudice (Literally)

    Open Access•Alexander M Czopp, Margo J Monteith•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • Relation of Oxytocin to Psychological Stress Responses and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Activity in Older Women

    Shelley E Taylor, Gian C Gonzaga et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2006

  • Let's be friends

    Open Access•Jonathan S Gore, Susan E Cro et al.•Personal Relationships•2006

  • A ratio measure of sex stereotyping

    Charles L Martins, Carol L Martin•Journal of Personality and Social…•1987

  • Canine dimorphism

    Open Access•J Michael Plavcan, C P Van Schaik•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•1993

  • Gender and aggressive behavior

    Alice H Eagly, Valerie J Steffen•Psychological Bulletin•1986

  • Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance

    Wendy Wood•Psychological Bulletin•1987

  • Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners

    Jeff Archer, John Archer•Psychological Bulletin•2000

  • Gender and helping behavior

    Alice H Eagly, Maureen Crowley•Psychological Bulletin•1986

  • Testosterone Treatment, Affect, and Appearance

    Open Access•James M Dabbs, Kelly L Cate et al.•Social Behavior and Personality…•2003

  • Effects of masculine identity and gender role stress on aggression in men

    Alan M Cohn, Amos Zeichner•Psychology of Men & Masculinity•2006

  • The Centrality of Gender and Ethnic Identities across Individuals and Contexts

    Open Access•Kelly L Turner, Christia S Brown•Social Development•2007

  • The Contextual Specificity of Masculinity and Femininity in Early Adolescence

    Open Access•Jennifer Pickard Leszczynski, Jonell Strough•Social Development•2008

  • Leadership Efficacy and Women Leaders' Responses to Stereotype Activation

    Open Access•Crystal L Hoyt, Jim Blascovich•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2007

  • III. Examining Gender Gaps in Sociopolitical Attitudes

    Open Access•Alice H Eagly, Amanda B Diekman•Feminism & Psychology•2005

  • Social Identity and Socio-Demographic Structure

    T W Smith•International Journal of Public…•2007

  • Is the long-term reduction in occupational sex segregation still continuing in the United States

    Open Access•Hervé Queneau•The Social Science Journal•2006

  • What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be

    Open Access•Deborah A Prentice, Erica Carranza•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2002

  • Attitudes Toward Traditional and Nontraditional Parents

    Open Access•Victoria L Brescoll, Eric Luis Uhlmann•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2005

  • Gender Belief Systems

    Open Access•Mary E Kite, Kay Deaux•Psychology of Women Quarterly•1987

  • The Gender Stereotyping of Emotions

    Open Access•E Ashby Plant, Janet Shibley Hyde et al.•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2000

  • Instrumental and Expressive Traits, Trait Stereotypes, and Sexist Attitudes

    Open Access•Janet T Spence, Camille E Buckner•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2000

  • On Motivated Role Selection

    Open Access•Clifford Evans, Clifford D Evans et al.•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009

  • A Content Analysis of Prime Time Commercials

    Open Access•Dennis J Ganahl, Thomas J Prinsen et al.•Sex Roles•2003

  • Is Traditional Gender Ideology Associated with Sex-Typed Mate Preferences? A Test in Nine Nations

    Open Access•Paul W Eastwick, Alice H Eagly et al.•Sex Roles•2006

  • Stereotype Threat in Men on a Test of Social Sensitivity

    Open Access•Anne M Koenig, Alice H Eagly•Sex Roles•2005

  • Gendered Division of Childrearing

    Open Access•M A Milkie, Suzanne M Bianchi et al.•Sex Roles•2002

  • Paternalistic and Envious Gender Stereotypes

    Open Access•Thomas Eckes•Sex Roles•2002

Unique citing works59
Citations per year3,69
Citation span2010 - 2026 (17)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 58

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