Widening Health Disparities
Diabetes and Prediabetes Prevalence from 2001 to 2022 Among Six Asian American Subgroups and Other Racial and Ethnic Groups in California
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 24225249 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Xiang Qi (0000-0002-4089-3435, Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New York New York USA), Bei Wu (0000-0002-6891-244X, Global Institute for Longevity and Resilience NYU Shanghai Shanghai China) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 82 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Publication date | 2026-12-01 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Social Issues (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-4537 • E-ISSN: 1540-4560 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/josi.70082 |
| OpenAlex | W7221077499 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 56 |
Asian Americans, the fastest‐growing racial group in the United States, are frequently aggregated into a single category in national surveillance, masking substantial heterogeneity in diabetes risk across subgroups. Drawing on fundamental cause theory, a life course perspective, and the social determinants of health framework, this repeated cross‐sectional analysis of the California Health Interview Survey (2001–2022) examined 21‐year trends in diabetes and prediabetes prevalence among 320,098 adults aged 50 and older across nine racial and ethnic groups, including non‐Hispanic White (NHW), non‐Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, and Vietnamese. After adjustment for age, sex, nativity, education, income, English proficiency, and health insurance coverage, diabetes prevalence in 2021–2022 was highest among Filipino (32.8%) and South Asian (28.3%) adults. Korean older adults had the fastest adjusted annual percentage change (APC) in diabetes prevalence (3.98%/year), followed by Filipino (3.74%/year) and Vietnamese (3.15%/year). Vietnamese older adults showed the steepest prediabetes increase (16.25%/year). Adjusted prevalence ratios for diabetes relative to NHW adults were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92, 2.37) for Filipino and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.76, 2.34) for South Asian older adults, exceeding both the NHB‐to‐NHW and the Hispanic‐to‐NHW disparities. Adjusting for body mass index amplified rather than attenuated prevalence estimates for Asian American subgroups. These findings show that aggregating Asian Americans into a single category obscures clinically important heterogeneity in diabetes burden. We discuss structural, social, and cultural factors that may contribute to these disparities and their implications for ethnicity‐specific screening, culturally tailored prevention, and disaggregated data collection policy.
Asian American subgroups · Body mass index · California · diabetes prevalence · Filipino Americans · fundamental cause theory · health disparities · Korean Americans · life course perspective · older adults · Prediabetes · racial and ethnic disparities · Social determinants of health · South Asian Americans · Vietnamese Americans · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins · Health disparities and outcomes · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016
Trends in Clinical Research Including Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Participants Funded by the US National Institutes of Health, 1992 to 2018
A Modified Poisson Regression Approach to Prospective Studies with Binary Data
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Evaluation of a Diabetes Prevention Intervention for Korean American immigrants at Risk for Diabetes
Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Americans
The Toll of Exclusion on Immigrants’ Health across the Life Course
Characterizing Workplace Exposures in Vietnamese Women Working in California Nail Salons
Health Conditions, Outcomes, and Service Access Among Filipino, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Adults in California, 2011–2017
The Mutually Reinforcing Cycle Of Poor Data Quality And Racialized Stereotypes That Shapes Asian American Health
Overcoming constraints of the model minority stereotype to advance Asian American health
Hyper-selectivity, Racial Mobility, and the Remaking of Race
The California Health Interview Survey 2001
The Integration Paradox
Social Conditions As Fundamental Causes of Disease
Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Health Inequalities
Revisiting the Asian second-generation advantage
| Highly cited | No |
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