Dissecting Child Penalties
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3342500 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Pierre Pora (0000-0002-7601-6725, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques), Lionel Wilner (0000-0002-1445-843X, Pierre Pora is an Economist at Insee-CREST. Lionel Wilner is Senior Researcher at CREST-ENSAE, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 78 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 859-884 |
| Publication date | 2025-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Industrial and Labor Relations Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0019-7939 • E-ISSN: 2162-271X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/00197939251342494 |
| OpenAlex | W4404680657 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 44 |
The authors relate mothers' children-related labor earnings losses, referred to here as child penalties, to their location in the distribution of potential hourly wages. Using French administrative data and based on an event study approach, the authors show that the magnitude of these earnings losses decreases steeply along that distribution. This heterogeneity is the result of low-wage mothers leaving the labor market and more frequently reducing their working hours. By contrast, fathers' labor market outcomes do not vary upon the arrival of children, regardless of their location in the distribution of potential hourly wages. These marked differences suggest that the pervasive part of life-cycle gender inequality associated with parenthood is related to both financial incentives and gender norms
Computer Science · Employment and Welfare Studies · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics · Income, Poverty, and Inequality
Housework, Fixed Effects, and Wages of Married Workers
Perspective Article
A Grand Gender Convergence
How Much Should We Trust Differences-In-Differences Estimates?
The economic impact of taking short parental leave
What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples
The Effect of Childbirth on Women’s Formal Labour Market Trajectories
Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Pay
Economics and Identity
Parenthood and the earnings of married men and women
Children and Gender Inequality
Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor
Dynamics of the Gender Gap for Young Professionals in the Financial and Corporate Sectors
Worker-firm matching and the parenthood pay gap
The effects of motherhood timing on career path
Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes
The Career Costs of Children
Pronatalism in the Inter-war Period in France
Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe? Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wage Distribution
The Effect of Children on Women's Wages
Statistical Models and Empirical Evidence for Differences in the Motherhood Penalty across the Earnings Distribution
Specialization Then and Now
Understanding the 'Family Gap' in Pay for Women with Children
How Mothers and Fathers Share Childcare
Differences in Disadvantage
Is the Motherhood Penalty Larger for Low-Wage Women? A Comment on Quantile Regression
Do Highly Paid, Highly Skilled Women Experience the Largest Motherhood Penalty
Where Are the Fathers? Effects of Earmarking Parental Leave for Fathers in France
The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited
When Do Fathers Care? Mothers' Economic Contribution and Fathers' Involvement in Child Care
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |