Social Identification and Ethnic Conflict
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3355813 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Nicholas Sambanis (0000-0002-1270-289X, Yale University, corresponding author), Moses Shayo (0000-0002-7041-6058, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2013 |
| Volume | 107 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 294-325 |
| Publication date | 2013-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Political Science Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0003055413000038 |
| OpenAlex | W3121704525 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 115 |
| References cited | 120 |
When do ethnic cleavages increase the risk of conflict? Under what conditions is a strong common identity likely to emerge, thereby reducing that risk? How are patterns of social identification shaped by conflict? We draw on empirical results regarding the nature and determinants of group identification to develop a simple model that addresses these questions. The model highlights the possibility of vicious and virtuous cycles where conflict and identification patterns reinforce each other. It also shows how processes of ethnic identification amplify the importance of political institutions and traces the effects of national status and perceived differences across ethnic groups. Finally, we demonstrate how a small but sufficiently potent group of ethnic radicals can derail a peaceful equilibrium, leading to the polarization of the entire population. We reexamine several historical cases as well as empirical correlates of civil wars in light of these results
Development economics · Economics · Ethnic conflict · Ethnic group · Identification (biology · Polarization (electrochemistry · Political science · Politics · Population · Social conflict · Social group · Social identity theory · Sociology · Virtuous circle and vicious circle · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Demography · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Social Psychology
The Political Logic of Cultural Revival
“Small Miracles”—Behavioral Insights to Improve Development Policy
How education shapes divergent identity responses to discrimination
More Valuable than Blood and Treasure? Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Status on Domestic Preferences for Military Intervention
Words and deeds – Experimental evidence on leading-by-example
The impact of distance on parochial altruism
What limits the efficacy of coercion
When non-nationalist voters support ethno-nationalist parties
Does Local Ethnic Segregation Lead to Violence
Emotional Numbing and Lessons Learned after a Violent Conflict – Experimental Evidence from Ambon, Indonesia
The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa
Interethnic Marriages, Border Markets and Cattle Rustling
National Attachment, Past In-Group Perpetratorhood, and Out-Group Attitudes
Unveiling the Cosmic Race
Unveiling the Cosmic Race
How does civil war begin? The role of escalatory processes
Group Self‐Interest vs. Equity
Does the experience of ethnic conflict enhance ethnic identity
Springs and their offspring
Nation-Building and the Role of Identity in Civil Wars
Ethnic Bias after Ethnic Conflict
Focus on the Fundamentals
Ethnic Cleavages and Vote Choice in Trinidad and Tobago
Party Politics and Change of Ethnic Salience in Post-Conflict Africa
Social Cleavages and Civil War Onset
Group Identity and Symbolic Political Behavior
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One Perspective on the Evolution of Civil Wars Research
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Leader Tenure, Genocide, and Politicide During Civil War
Linguistic Choices as Political Participation
Understanding the social identity of adolescents in the Indigenous Kodava Community of India
How ethnic structure affects civil conflict
Positive contact dominates Jewish–Palestinian interactions in mixed Israeli neighborhoods
A perfect match? The dampening effect of interethnic marriage on armed conflict in Africa
Extended intergroup contact in frozen conflicts
Identity and conflict
Ethnicity, political survival, and the exchange of nationalist foreign policy
Retracted
The geography of linguistic diversity and the provision of public goods
Violent conflict and parochial trust
Identity conflict, ethnocentrism and social cohesion
The Effect of Cooperative Concept Mapping on Misconceptions, Knowledge Achievement, and Transfer of Learning in Peace Education
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Defiant pride
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Hyphenated Identities
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Identifiability, state repression, and the onset of ethnic conflict
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Permission to Secede? The Impact of Foreign Endorsements on Attitudes Toward Separatist Movements
Ethnoracial identity, skin color, and national pride in Latin America
Palestinians and Israelis believe the other's God encourages intergroup benevolence
How to Think About Social Identity
The Extremist's Advantage in Civil Wars
National Versus Ethnic Identification in Africa
Revisiting the links between economic inequality and political violence
National and Subnational Identification in the Syrian Civil War
Nationalist cosmopolitanism
Nationalism and Ethnic-Based Trust
Nationalism
Nation-Building through War
Power and Pride
Intergroup Violence and Political Attitudes
Casual Contact and Ethnic Bias
Social Patterns of Inequality, Partisan Competition, and Latin American Support for Redistribution
Progovernment militias, identity leadership, and ethnic defection
Social contact and ethnic identity
Beyond Keeping the Peace
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Ethnic nationalism versus religious loyalty
Identity, repression, and the threat of ethnic conflict in a strong state
Ethnic violence and substantive representation of minorities in parliament
Unraveling Secessions
Manufacturing Dissent
Changes in Perceptions of Border Security Influence Desired Levels of Immigration
Genocide, Politicide, and the Prospects of Democratization since 1900
Identities in between
Excluded Ethnic Groups, Conflict Contagion, and the Onset of Genocide and Politicide during Civil War
Lost in Translation
Stopping the Violence but Blocking the Peace
Violence Exposure and Ethnic Identification
The heterogeneous effect of diversity
Four ways to avoid centripetal effects. How political actors escape institutional incentives in divided societies
The Wrong Place at the Wrong Time? Territorial Autonomy and Conflict During Regime Transitions
External Intervention, Identity, and Civil War
Explaining Regional Autonomy Differences in Decentralized Countries
Ethnic Parties, Ethnic Tensions? Results of an Original Election Panel Study
Border fortification and legibility
Violence, Empathy and Altruism
How Exposure to Violence Affects Ethnic Voting
Less Human Than Human
Identity Propaganda
Social Norms after Conflict Exposure and Victimization by Violence
The leader and the people
We the peoples? The strange demise of self-determination
Kosovo
Corruption and state politics in Sierra Leone
Peasant and Nation
Understanding Civil War (Volume 2: Europe, Central Asia, & Other Regions)
The Myth of Ethnic War
When Things Fell Apart
The Dark Side of Democracy
Behind the Mule
Fear of Small Numbers
On the Theory of Ethnic Conflict
Does Terrorism Work?
Group Identity and Social Preferences
On the Salience of Ethnic Conflict
Linking Conflict to Inequality and Polarization
Judicial Ingroup Bias in the Shadow of Terrorism
Myths and misconceptions in the study of nationalism
Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars
Ethnicity and Conflict
Why Did the West Extend the Franchise? Democracy, Inequality, and Growth in Historical Perspective
Intergroup Conflict
Social identity and preferences over redistribution
Rediscovering the Social Group
Balkan tragedy
Nationalism and national development.
The ethnic origins of nations
Votes and Violence
Saxony in German History
The Invention Of Tradition
Germany's two unifications
Burn This House
Ethnopolitical warfare
Making War and Building Peace
Being Muslim the Bosnian Way
Understanding Civil War (Volume 1
The Deadly Ethnic Riot
Social Discrimination and Tolerance in Intergroup Relations
Commodity Price Shocks and Civil Conflict
The Logic of Political Violence
Greed and grievance in civil war
Rediscovering the Social Group
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country
Theft of an Idol
Understanding Ethnic Violence
Nationalism Reframed
Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa
Cross-Border Media and Nationalism
Saxony in German History
Political Poetry in Periodicals and the Shaping of German National Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century
German Unifications and the Change of Literary Discourse
Subgroup Identification, Superordinate Identification and Intergroup Bias between the Subgroups
What's in a Line? Is Partition a Solution to Civil War
Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars
Divided Nations
Sparks and prairie fires
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
History Matters
Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict
The fall of Yugoslavia
Origins of a Catastrophe
Culture Clash or Culture Club? National Identity in Britain
Ethnic Conflict and International Security
The Banality of “Ethnic War
The Devil and the One Drop Rule
Nationalism Versus Ethnic Identity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Identity in formation
Ethnic groups in conflict
Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania
The Dynamics of Informational Cascades
Tribe or Nation
Ethnic Minority-Majority Asymmetry in National Attitudes around the World
Economic Growth, Civil Wars, and Spatial Spillovers
Sensitivity Analysis of Empirical Results on Civil War Onset
Rationalist explanations for war
Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity
What Is Ethnic Identity and Does It Matter
State Failure
Marginality
Political Competition and Ethnic Identification in Africa
Ethnic Defection in Civil War
Where East Meets West
Greed and grievance in civil war
Citizenship and the Politics of People-Building
In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation
Status differences and in-group bias
A Model of Social Identity with an Application to Political Economy
Regime Change and Revolutionary Entrepreneurs
Community, Integration, and Stability in Multinational Yugoslavia
Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate
A Signaling Model of Informative and Manipulative Political Action
Cross-cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting
Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
Civil Wars Kill and Maim People-Long After the Shooting Stops
Agrarian Revolt in a Mexican Village
Peasants into Frenchmen
Agrarian Revolt in a Mexican Village
Peasant and Nation
The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries
| Unique citing works | 115 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,85 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2026 (14) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 115 |