Introducing PA-X
A new peace agreement database and dataset
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3917828 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Christine Bell (0000-0003-0233-4410, University of Edinburgh, corresponding author), Sanja Badanjak (0000-0003-4207-9696, University of Edinburgh) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 452-466 |
| Publication date | 2019-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Peace Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3433 • E-ISSN: 1460-3578 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022343318819123 |
| OpenAlex | W2918568314 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 64 |
| References cited | 33 |
This article introduces PA-X, a peace agreement database designed to improve understanding of negotiated pathways out of conflict. PA-X enables scholars, mediators, conflict parties and civil society actors to systematically compare how peace and transition processes formalize negotiated commitments in an attempt to move towards peace. PA-X provides an archive and comprehensive census of peace agreements using a broad definition to capture agreements at all phases of peace processes in both intrastate and interstate conflict, from 1990 to 2016. These comprise ceasefire, pre-negotiation, substantive (partial and comprehensive), and implementation agreements, disaggregated by country/entity, region, conflict type, agreement type and stage of agreement totalling over 1,500 agreements in more than 140 peace and transition processes. PA-X provides the full text of agreements, and qualitative and quantitative coding of 225 categories relating to politics, law, security, development and implementation. Data can be aggregated or merged with conflict datasets, effectively providing many datasets within one database. PA-X supports new comparative research on peace agreements, but also on peace processes - enabling tracing of how actors and issues change over time - to inform understandings of conflict termination. We illustrate PA-X applications by showing that an intricate peace process history correlates with reduced likelihood of conflict recurrence, and that cumulative provisions addressing elections see the quality of subsequent post-conflict elections improve
Agreement · Coding (social sciences) · Conflict analysis · Conflict resolution · Database · Negotiation · Peace and conflict studies · Peace economics · Political science · Politics · Social science · Sociology · Computer Science · Law · Peace and Human Rights Education · Peacebuilding and International Security · Political Conflict and Governance
Peace Under the Influence? The Role of Illicit Drug Economies in Peace Processes and Rebel Splintering
Building a peace we don’t know? The power of subjunctive technologies in digital peacebuilding
Women and Peace Negotiations
When Mediators Need Machines (and Vice Versa)
Negotiating Difficult Issues with Little Fervour? Why Peace Processes in Territorial Conflicts Tend to Produce Incomplete Outcomes
Rebel Education Services and the Crafting of Peace Accords
The Politics of Risking Peace Revisited
Balancing Legalism and Pragmatism
Blueprints and Blind Spots
Paz útil, paz posible
Ways of seeing
Conceptual Ambiguity in Coding the Categories of Peace Agreement and Peace Process
Moving peace forward
Conceptualizing private military and security companies
Peacemaking as Statebuilding
Introducing Space for Peace
What’s Law Got to Do with It? How the Degree of Legalization Affects the Durability of Post-Conflict Autonomy Agreements
The Role of Food in Peace Agreements
The Micro-foundations of Peace
Ceasefire Success
Mapping disability in war-to-peace transitions
Regional approaches to conflict prevention
The importance of immigrants on American intervention in international crises
From participation to provision
Human rights organizations and transitional justice agenda-setting
In Search of a Middle East and North Africa Peace System
PeaceTech
Estudios de paz y conflictos
The Role of International Mediators in Global Conflict Resolution
The women and men that make peace
Private goods for peace
Expanding the Peace Accords Matrix Implementation Dataset
How Peace Treaties Can Influence Countries’ Climate Policies
Local Ceasefires and De-escalation
Threats and Commitments
Costly Concessions
Agonistic transitional justice
Shifting sands
Self‐Ruleand Intrastate Conflict Risk in Divided Societies
A Voice at the Table
Bearing the burden of peace
Stabilising transitions from conflict
Citizens in Peace Processes
Wartime Experiences and Popular Support for Peace Agreements
Civil War Settlements, Perceived Agreement Fairness, and Trust in Political Authorities
Introducing the ETH/PRIO Civil Conflict Ceasefire Dataset
Ceasefires in Civil Conflict
Peace Negotiations in Civil Conflicts
The Logic of Ceasefires in Civil War
Gender, Justice and Deliberation
Introducing the Mandates of International Organizations’ Missions (Miom) Dataset
African Solutions to African Challenges
How UN peacekeeping missions enforce peace agreements
A substantive approach to peace
Disaggregated mediation
Combat, commitment, and the termination of Africa’s mutual interventions
Beyond the Peace Agreement
Meaning structures in the world polity
Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration in peace agreements (1975-2021)
Do apologies promote the reintegration of former combatants? Lessons from a video experiment in Colombia
Caring is sharing
Sisters Are Doing It for Themselves
Migration and the Demand for Transnational Justice
The Relevance of Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution to End Localized Communal Conflicts in Africa
Peace Time
In Defence of New Wars
Peace Agreements and Human Rights
Electing Peace
The Trouble with the Congo
Coming Together
Gender, Representation and Power-Sharing in Post-Conflict Institutions
The Power-Sharing Event Dataset (PSED)
Sharing the Wealth
A revised list of independent states since the congress of Vienna
Peace Agreements
Committing to Peace
Which Elections Can Be Lost
Sequencing the Peace
Fostering Peace After Civil War
The Concept of Legalization
The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement
Institutionalizing Peace
Consociational Democracy
Organized violence, 1989-2017
Armed Conflict and Peace Agreements
Police reforms in peace agreements, 1975-2011
How and when armed conflicts end
Annualized implementation data on comprehensive intrastate peace accords, 1989-2012
Armed conflict and post-conflict justice, 1946-2006
Best practices in the collection of conflict data
Territorial Autonomy in the Shadow of Conflict
International Peacebuilding
The Fabric of Peace in Africa
| Unique citing works | 64 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 10,67 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 60 |