What is Procedural Justice
Criteria Used by Citizens to Assess the Fairness of Legal Procedures
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4084192 |
|---|---|
| Authors | T R Tyler (0000-0002-2647-7670, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1988 |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 103-135 |
| Publication date | 1988-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Law & Society Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0023-9216 • E-ISSN: 1540-5893 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/3053563 |
| OpenAlex | W2331211957 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 308 |
| References cited | 37 |
This paper examines procedural justice in the context of citizen experiences with the police and courts. It is based on interviews of 652 citizens with recent personal experiences involving those authorities. I will consider two issues: first, whether the justice of the procedures involved influences citizen satisfaction with outcomes and evaluations of legal authorities; and second, how citizens define "fair process" in such settings. The results replicate those of past studies, which found that procedural justice has a major influence on both satisfaction and evaluation. They further suggest that such procedural justice judgments are complex and multifaceted. Seven issues make independent contributions to citizen judgments about whether the legal authorities acted fairly: (1) the degree to which those authorities were motivated to be fair; (2) judgments of their honesty; (3) the degree to which the authorities followed ethical principles of conduct; (4) the extent to which opportunities for representation were provided; (5) the quality of the decisions made; (6) the opportunities for error correction; and (7) whether the authorities behaved in a biased fashion. I found that the meaning of procedural justice varied according to the nature of the situation, not the characteristics of the people involved
Criminology · Economic Justice · Law and economics · Political science · Procedural justice · Sociology · Judicial and Constitutional Studies · Jury Decision Making Processes · Law · Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems · Psychology · Social Psychology
Judging by the Rules? The emergence of evaluation practices
Public Participation and Institutional Fit
Balancing stability and flexibility in adaptive governance
Understanding and applying principles of social cognition and decision making in adaptive environmental governance
Perceptions of procedural justice among female offenders
Why does the public cooperate with law enforcement? The influence of the purposes and targets of policing
Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority
Procedural Justice, Institutional Legitimacy, and the Acceptance of Unpopular U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
Fairness
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The right kind of participation? The effect of a deliberative mini-public on the perceived legitimacy of public decision-making
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Procedural Justice, Police Legitimacy, and Helping the Police Fight Crime
Policing and procedural justice
Procedural justice, legitimacy, and prisoner misconduct
Legal Socialization and Self-Reported Criminal Offending
Social Justice
The Impact of Psychological Science on Policing in the United States
Procedural justice, routine encounters and citizen perceptions of police
Organizational Justice
School Suspensions and Adverse Experiences in Adulthood
Procedural Injustice, Lost Legitimacy, and Self-Help
Automated decision-making as domination
Connections Between the Ivory Tower and the Multicolored World
Procedural Justice in Online Deliberation
Ethnic minority police officers and disproportionality in misconduct proceedings
Procedural Fairness as a Vehicle for Inclusion in the Freedom of Religion Jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court
The protest playbook
Perspective of Justice among Advocates of Rape Victims
Enhancing Victim Satisfaction in Discontinued Online Crime Reports
A Statewide Analysis of the Impact of Restitution and Fees on Juvenile Recidivism in Florida Across Race & Ethnicity
The 2017 French riots and trust in the police
Do political and social accountability arrangements increase citizens’ legitimacy perceptions? A vignette experiment in the Netherlands
Deliberative democracy and environmental justice
Acceptabilité sociale, justice distributive et ERA
Community justice centres mainstreamed? Making the impossible possible
“Mind the Police Dissatisfaction Gap”
“Respect the Badge”
Recorded Justice or Procedural Justice? A Randomized Controlled Experiment of the Influence of Body Worn Cameras and Officer Behavior on Citizen Attitudes
Satisfaction, Legitimacy, and Guilty Pleas
Experiences of Sentencing and the Pains of Punishment
Procedural Justice in Their Eyes
A Fair and Representative Process
The Role of Authentic (vs. Hubristic) Pride in Leveraging the Effectiveness of Cost Transparency
Do Perceptions of Legitimacy and Fairness Matter in Prison? Examining How Procedural and Distributive Justice Relate to Misconduct
A Qualitative Exploration of Black and White Women’s Perceptions of Procedural Justice
Exploring a Social Identity Theory of Shared Narrative
The Effect of Sanction Severity and Its Interaction With Procedural Justice
Does Perceived Procedural Justice in Policing Predict Future Offending? Findings From a Sample of Justice-Involved Individuals
Just Advisory and Maximally Representative
Police ride-along programs
Examining public support for AI in policing
The effects of procedural injustice on the use of violence against police by Occupy Wall Street protesters
Procedural justice, police legitimacy, and legal cynicism
Procedural justice, minorities, and religiosity
When Abuse Happens Again
Impartiality or Individualization? Imprisoned Women’s Discourses of (In)Justice
The Impact of Fair Relationships on Rule Compliance for Women under Community Supervision
Fair governmental budgetary procedures
A Relational Model of Authority in Groups
Building Regulation for Resilience
Justice in America
The Hidden Measurement Crisis in Criminology
Collective restraint in social dilemmas
Norms against voting for coerced reform
What Motivates People to Comply With the Law and Regard It as Legitimate in the Polish System of Justice? The Identification and Analysis of the Construct of Procedural Justice
The Group Engagement Model
The psychology of procedural justice
Psychological models of the justice motive
Homicide Offenders’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice in Ghana’s Criminal Courts
Transparency, neutrality, voice, and respect
Development, Reliability, and Initial Validation of the Fear of Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire
Être désigné juré d’assises
Contested Legitimacy in Ferguson
Melhorando a qualidade do contato entre policiais e cidadãos
Salarié.es en procès
Procedural justice in police stop and search encounters
Procedural fairness in health financing for universal health coverage
Participation as a Framework for Analysing Consumers’ Experiences of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Effective Rule of Law
Achieving Justice in Child Protection
Relationship-Based Justice for Gender Responsive Specialty Courts
Moral Solidarity, Identification with the Community, and the Importance of Procedural Justice
Pinpointing the role of the self in procedural fairness
Collaborative Moose Hunting Planning
On the Experience of Injustice
A letter to the loser’? Public law and the empowering role of the judgment
How do cognitive and affective trust impact process–outcome interaction
A Mapping Review of Criminological Theories and Frameworks of U.S. Drug Courts
A New Dimension of Organizational Justice
The Impacts of Organizational Justice on Early Childhood Educators' Intention to Participate in Professional Associations
Structuring values and normative frameworks using Schwartz's value theory to map the three tenets of energy justice
A synthetic view of acceptance and engagement with smart meters in the United States
Doing Minority Justice Through Procedural Fairness
Does Descriptive Representation of Women on the Bench Improve Institutional Trust
Governing sex workers through trust
The dimensions of judicial legitimacy
The World Isn’t Fair, but Shouldn’t Elections Be? Evaluating Prospective Beliefs about the Fairness of Elections and Referenda
Police Use of Force by Ethnicity, Sex, and Socioeconomic Class
Political tolerance and American democracy
Procedural Justice
Dimensions of Tolerance
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
The Influence of Perceived Injustice on the Endorsement of Political Leaders 1
A model of egoistical relative deprivation.
Distributional and Procedural Aspects of Satisfaction With Citizen-Police Encounters
A systems analysis of political life
The psychology of interpersonal relations.
Equality and Efficiency
Reactions to procedural injustice in payment distributions
Justice in Social Relations
What Should Be Done with Equity Theory
Social Exchange
Alternative images of the citizen
American Criminal Justice
Toward an Implicit Theory of Interpersonal Communication
Assessing the Risk of Crime Victimization
Perceived dimensions of interpersonal relations
The mass media and judgments of risk
Preference for modes of dispute resolution as a function of process and decision control
A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
Procedural justice as a criterion in allocation decisions
Influence of voice on satisfaction with leaders
Conditions leading to value-expressive effects in judgments of procedural justice
Moral behavior as rule governed behavior
Having Their Day in Court
The Role of Perceived Injustice in Defendants' Evaluations of Their Courtroom Experience
Everyday understandings of the law in working-class America
Procedural justice research
Interactional fairness judgments
Toward general principles of managerial fairness
| Unique citing works | 308 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,11 |
| Citation span | 1988 - 2026 (39) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 300 |