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Resumo

The data analysis presented in the studies of leading Russian and foreign centers on physico-chemical, molecular and biological, cytological and toxicological characteristics of nanosized powder blue has been done. Generalization of the information received and evaluation of potentially hazardous substances has shown that nanodispersed powder blue has a high degree of potential danger to human health. Powder blue nanoparticles have a size in the range of 41.2-77.9 nm, preferably of spherical shape, are hydrophobical, potentially high reactive. They have the ability to intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species causing the oxidative stress (particularly oxidative damage to proteins and indirect damage to DNA). They are able to DNA direct damage, having a dose and time-dependent character. They interact with the cell membrane, causing it damage (cytotoxicity), as evidenced by the decrease in mitochondrial activity, LDH release from cells, and fall of cells viability. A significant induction of chromosome aberrations is typical for powder blue nanoparticles. They cause a disturbance in proteomic and metabolomic profile, increase antioxidant enzyme of gene expression of HO-1, the production of cytokines MCP-1 and IL-8. They have possibly carcinogenic activity to humans, due to an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, signaling cascades, damage to macromolecules - proteins and DNA.

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