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Transport Policy and the Car Divide in the UK, the US and France

Beyond the Environmental Debate

Bibliographic Data

ID4382839
AuthorsSylvie Fol (0000-0002-7530-8523, UMR Géographie-cités, corresponding author), Gabriel Dupuy (UMR Géographie-cités, corresponding author), Olivier Coutard (0000-0002-3064-5526, École nationale des ponts et chaussées, corresponding author)
Year2007
Volume31
Issue4
Pages802-818
Publication date2007-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Urban and Regional Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0309-1317 • E-ISSN: 1468-2427
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00755.x
OpenAlexW1578316233
LanguageEN
Citations received15
References cited34

Public aid programs to subsidize the automobility of poor households are at the heart of a trade-off between three different types of concern: economic (promoting access to employment for active members of these households), environmental (cutting greenhouse gas emissions from cars) and social (ensuring that policies to control car usage do not penalize poorer households disproportionately). This article analyzes comparative research into the origins and development of such programs in three countries characterized by different levels of car dependence (France, the UK and the US). It shows that these programs, which are obviously useful to the households that benefit from them and, surprisingly, have largely escaped criticism despite running counter to policies that restrict the use of cars, remain of marginal importance in all three countries. The reasons for this are twofold: firstly, auto programs are not an appropriate solution to the difficulties encountered by a significant portion of poor households and, secondly, wider development of such policies would constitute a considerable political gamble, especially as they risk destabilizing the mechanisms for funding public transit and weakening their social legitimacy. In the longer term, however, multiplying economic and fiscal methods of restricting car use that weigh disproportionately on the budgets of more modest households may necessitate a considerable increase in programs to aid automobility.RésuméLes dispositifs d'aide publique à l'automobilité des ménages pauvres sont au cœur d'une tension entre préoccupations économiques (favoriser l'emploi des actifs de ces ménages), environnementales (limiter la production de gaz à effet de serre par la circulation automobile) et sociale (s'assurer que les politiques de maîtrise de la mobilité automobile ne pénalisent pas les ménages pauvres de manière disproportionnée). Cet article rend compte d'une recherche comparative sur la genèse et le développement de ces dispositifs dans trois pays notamment caractérisés par des degrés différents de dépendance automobile (France, Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis). Il montre que ces dispositifs, manifestement utiles pour les ménages bénéficiaires et étonnamment peu contestés en dépit de leur caractère contradictoire avec les politiques de restriction de l'usage de l'automobile, demeurent néanmoins marginaux dans les trois pays. Deux raisons principales expliquent cet état de fait: d'une part, l'aide à l'automobilité ne constitue pas une réponse appropriée aux difficultés rencontrées par une fraction sans doute importante des ménages pauvres; d'autre part, son développement à plus grande échelle représenterait un risque politique non négligeable, notamment par une déstabilisation des mécanismes de financement des transports collectifs et un affaiblissement de leur légitimation sociale. A plus long terme, cependant, la multiplication d'instruments économiques et fiscaux de limitation de l'usage de l'automobile pesant proportionnellement plus lourd dans le budget des ménages plus modestes pourrait rendre nécessaire un développement important des dispositifs d'aide à l'automobilité

Business · Development economics · Economic growth · Economic policy · Economics · Legitimacy · Market economy · Political science · Politics · Public economics · Public policy · Public transport · Subsidy · Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies · Transportation and Mobility Innovations · Urban Transport and Accessibility

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Unique citing works15
Citations per year0,83
Citation span2008 - 2021 (14)
Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 15

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