Geographies of Algorithmic Violence
Redlining the Smart City
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4383397 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sara Safransky (0000-0001-9668-4520, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 200-218 |
| Publication date | 2020-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0309-1317 • E-ISSN: 1468-2427 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/1468-2427.12833 |
| OpenAlex | W2991031008 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 102 |
| References cited | 79 |
City governments are embracing data-driven and algorithmic planning to tackle urban problems. Data-driven analytics have an unprecedented capacity to call urban futures into being. At the same time, they can depoliticize planning decisions. I argue that this shift calls urban studies scholars to investigate geographies of algorithmic violence-a repetitive and standardized form of violence that contributes to the racialization of space and spatialization of poverty. This article examines this broader phenomenon through the case of a proprietary market value assessment that is being used to guide development in cities across the United States. The assessment employs an algorithm that helps city officials make critical decisions about which neighborhoods to target for investment, disinvestment and public service upgrades or disconnections. I argue that the racial, infrastructural, and epistemological violence associated with this evaluation can potentially lead to a new kind of municipal redlining. The article brings insights from critical race theory into conversation with critical scholarship on algorithms by analyzing how algorithmic violence works through data-driven planning technologies to depoliticize and leverage power while further entrenching racism and inequality
Critical race theory · Disinvestment · Economic growth · Economics · Political science · Public relations · Racialization · Racism · Scholarship · Sociology · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Law · Smart Cities and Technologies · Urban Planning and Governance · Urban Studies
Future-proofing the city
Mediating Precarity Through Mobile Apps
Car as extension of whiteness
Property as technology
High‐resolution property
Speculating on vacancy
A spatial decision support framework for equitable sensor network distribution in the smart city
People with intellectual disability and the digitization of services
(Dis)Obedience in Digital Societies
Mirrored Spaces
Subtle Webs
Sensors as media and sensor-mediated communication
Beyond the smart city
Digital activism in housing struggles
Digital Participation Models as Public Engagement Tools in Planning
Unseeing Racism
A ‘planning revolution’ or an ‘attack on planning’ in England
Segmented Information, Segregated Outcomes
Local work on global educational justice
Governing agentic cities
Geographies of state violence
Professional planners’ preparedness for digital transformation
A framework to overcome challenges to the adoption of artificial intelligence in Indian Government Organizations
Exposing the chameleon-like nature of racism
Low-cost sensor desert and equity across US cities
Computational urbanisms & insurgent mediations of the city
Digital transformations of the urban – carbon – labor nexus
Unseen things
How proptech platforms are reshaping discretionary power in the private rental housing market
Housing disruptions
PropTech goes wild
Evolving spatialities of digital life
Data politics in the built environment
Nefarious Algorithms
Digitalisation and social inclusion in multi-scalar smart energy transitions
Terms of inclusion
The city without qualities
From the smart city to urban justice in a digital age
Gender in the Australian innovation ecosystem
Automating inequity
Housing data politics in the United States
Civic pivot
Algorithmic epistemologies and methodologies
Undoing settler imaginaries
Indigenous rights and the persistence of industrial capitalism
Digital geographies, feminist relationality, Black and queer code studies
How Data Centers Have Come to Matter
Infrastructural Extensions
Movement 3. Navigating Urban Arrangements
Platform methods
It makes almost no difference which algorithm you use”
Thinking topologically about urban climate finance
Responsibility of AI Systems
Networks of Speculation
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Literacy for Social Work
Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals in cities
Human–place–technology relations in the digital placemaking process
Earth for AI
It's “really companiony”
Digital as a means for critique rather than the object of criticism in the collective mapping debate
Embodied Data / Subaltern Datafication
The digitalizing para-state
Slow violence in digital food environments
The rise of AI urbanism in post-smart cities
Social equity in the data era
Towards inclusive public administration systems
Algorithmic accountability in U.S. cities
SDG-11 and smart cities
(Semi-)immersive digital placemaking
Lutter contre les discriminations par le numérique
Digital informalisation
Future scenarios of Digital Social Innovation in urban governance. A collective discussion on the socio-political implications in Ghent
Building a government-owned open data platform for connected and autonomous vehicles
Humour as a Pedagogical Tool
Automatic for the people? Problematising the potential of digital planning
Interstitiality in the smart city
Deindustrialisation and the politics of subordinate degrowth
Maps, Apps and Race
Exploring the negative impacts of artificial intelligence in government
The sensor desert quandary
Thinking algorithmically
Spatial Justice in the Data-Driven City
When digital capitalism takes (on) the neighbourhood
In Conversation with Equity
Abolitionist infrastructures
Uneven development and the anti-politics machine
"Conflicts of interests" within and between elite assemblages in the legal production of space
The role of sensors in the production of smart city spaces
Gender and the invisibility of care on Wikipedia
A Crisis of Data? Transparency Practices and Infrastructures of Value in Data Broker Platforms
Beyond the hype
Portraits for change
The smart grid archipelago
Proactive state geographies
The good, the bad and the tenant
Racial regimes of property
Automating gentrification
Forced reproduction
Structural fire as a social problem
Dis/Possessory Data Politics
Thinking Small
Colored Property
The New Science of Cities
Splintering Urbanism
The Sanitary City
Algorithms of Oppression
What is Epistemological Violence in the Empirical Social Sciences?
The Relevance of Algorithms
Whiteness as Property
Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture
The Black Box Society
Mapping the Futures
Sentient Cities Ambient intelligence and the politics of urban space
The social power of algorithms
Do Artifacts Have Politics
From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime
Code/Space
Sorting Things Out
Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor
Weapons of math destruction
Big data, smart cities and city planning
The ‘actually existing smart city’
Making sense of smart cities
Algorithmic Fetishism
Picturing Algorithmic Surveillance
Seeing without knowing
Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook
The Financialization of Urban Policy in the Age of Obama
Community Development Financial Institutions
The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism
Social geographies II
Violence as fetish
Policing, data, and power-geometry
Residential Security Maps and Neighborhood Appraisals
Neoliberalizing Space
The automatic production of space
The automatic management of drivers and driving spaces
Greening the urban frontier
A Microscopic Insurgent”
Pre‐Black Futures
Law, Property, and the Geography of Violence
Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards
Automating Inequality
Thinking critically about and researching algorithms
Biometric borders
Rethinking Land Struggle in the Postindustrial City
Algorithms, Governance, and Governmentality
Governing Algorithms
Can an Algorithm be Agonistic? Ten Scenes from Life in Calculated Publics
The urban geographical imagination in the age of Big Data
Algorhythmic governance
The ethics of algorithms
Isomorphism through algorithms
Deconstructing the algorithmic sublime
Paradoxes of community-building
Flying through Code/Space
Discriminating Appraisals
Big Data Surveillance
The maintenance of urban circulation
Urban Space, Restrictive Covenants and the Origins of Racial Residential Segregation in a US City, 1900-50
Local autonomy, bond-rating agencies and neoliberal urbanism in the United States
Emerging market city
Speculative futures
Violence, Peace, and Peace Research
Racial Capitalism
Remapping the Motor City and the Politics of Austerity
What Should an Anthropology of Algorithms Do
Infrastructural violence
Digital Epidermalization
| Unique citing works | 102 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 17 |
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 94 |