Religiousness and depression
Evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4420177 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tony Bagnall Smith (0000-0002-0363-0003, Brigham Young University), Timothy B Smith, Michael E Mccullough (0000-0001-9833-2713, University of Miami), Justin Poll (Brigham Young University) |
| Year | 2003 |
| Volume | 129 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 614-636 |
| Publication date | 2003-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.614 |
| PMID | 12848223 |
| OpenAlex | W2126015108 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 408 |
| References cited | 188 |
The association between religiousness and depressive symptoms was examined with meta-analytic methods across 147 independent investigations (N = 98,975). Across all studies, the correlation between religiousness and depressive symptoms was -.096, indicating that greater religiousness is mildly associated with fewer symptoms. The results were not moderated by gender, age, or ethnicity, but the religiousness-depression association was stronger in studies involving people who were undergoing stress due to recent life events. The results were also moderated by the type of measure of religiousness used in the study, with extrinsic religious orientation and negative religious coping (e.g., avoiding difficulties through religious activities, blaming God for difficulties) associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, the opposite direction of the overall findings
Association (psychology) · Cognition · Coping (psychology) · Depression (economics) · Depressive symptoms · Ethnic group · Moderation · Psychiatry · Psychotherapist · Religious orientation · Clinical Psychology · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health · Psychology · Religion and Society Interactions · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology
Religious Involvement, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and Depression
The association of spirituality and well-being across socioeconomic differences
The Relationship Between Burnout Risk and Spiritual Practices Among Catholic Priests
Relationships between perceived stress and resilience with happiness
Spiritual Development through the Chakra Progression
Reflections on the recovery paradigm using religion/spirituality for Korean elderly adults
Religious Observance and Well-Being among Israeli Jewish Adults
Coping with identity threat
Religiosity and mental health
Victimization and religious engagement
Religious behavior, health, and well-being among Israeli Jews
The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale
Surrender to God and stress
Addressing religious and spiritual diversity in graduate training and multicultural education for professional psychologists
Spiritual well-being and depressive symptoms in female African American suicide attempters
Psychological changes during faith exit
Exploring the stress-buffering effects of religiousness in relation to social and economic change
Enduring and struggling with God in relation to traumatic symptoms
Are religious beliefs relevant to mental health among Jews
Examining whether spirituality predicts subjective well-being
The links of God images to women’s religiosity and coping with depression
Religious attendance and major depression among Asian Americans from a national database
Psychosocial mediators of the relationship between religious orientation and eating disorder risk factors in young Jewish women
Religiosity as a moderator of causal uncertainty’s mediational role in the parental–offspring dysphoria relationship
Spirituality and multiple dimensions of religion are associated with mental health in gay and bisexual men
In search of the psychological antecedents and consequences of Christian conversion
The psychological salience of religiosity and spirituality among Christian young people in New Zealand
Religiosity and self-control
A prospective study of clergy spiritual well-being, depressive symptoms, and occupational distress
Bidirectional relations of religious orientation and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Impact of Perceived Severity of Covid-19 (Sars-COV-2) on Mental Health of University Students of Pakistan
Principles to guide research and policy on psychological well-being in remote island developing states in the South Pacific
Risk Factors for Depression in Empty Nesters
Faith-Based Community Members, Family, and Covid-19
Measuring Muslim Religiosity and Outlining Gender-Age Differences
Depression, race, gender and covenant marriage
The relationship between ethnicity, Christian orthodoxy, and mental health
Religious Social Identity as an Explanatory Factor for Associations Between More Frequent Formal Religious Participation and Psychological Well-Being
Psychological Health and Meaning in Life
Perceived Neighborhood Disorder, Self-Esteem, and the Moderating Role of Religion
Does religious belief promote prosociality? A critical examination
Religion, self-regulation, and self-control
Coming to Terms With Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
The religiosity as social value hypothesis
Do Formal Religious Participation and Spiritual Perceptions Have Independent Linkages with Diverse Dimensions of Psychological Well-Being
How expressions of forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity relate to emotional intelligence and self-concept in urban fifth-grade students
Religious affiliation and major depressive episode in older adults
The clinically crucial predictors of depression in women with systemic autoimmune diseases
Assessment of the Role of Religious Tendency in Domestic Violence
Perseverance in the Parish?
The Association between Religiousness and Psychological Well-Being among Older Adults
A Need for Religion
A Decade of Research on the Psychology of Religion and Coping
Religiosity/Spirituality and Mortality
Religious and spiritual struggles.
Estimating the Difference Between Published and Unpublished Effect Sizes
Understanding and addressing religion among people with mental illness
Structural Relationships Between Social Activities and Longitudinal Trajectories of Depression Among Older Adults
Religiosity, Social Self-Esteem, and Psychological Adjustment
Religiosity as Self-Enhancement
Social Investment and Personality
Religion and mental health
Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health
Meaning in Life
The relationship between spirituality and religiosity on psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults
Religion and Mental Health
Religious Struggle
Religiousness and mental health
Does negative religious coping accompany, precede, or follow depression among Orthodox Jews?
Religion, spirituality and depression in prospective studies
Religion as Attachment
Religious and Spiritual Factors in Depression
Examining the links between spiritual struggles and symptoms of psychopathology in a national sample
Associations of Religious Upbringing With Subsequent Health and Well-Being From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Spirituality and mental health
Research on Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health
Religion, spirituality and mental health
Religiosity and Major Depression in Adults at High Risk
Religion, Spirituality, and Health
Insuring Consumption and Happiness Through Religious Organizations
Prayer, Attachment to God, and Symptoms of Anxiety-Related Disorders among U.S. Adults
Does Negative Interaction in the Church Increase Psychological Distress? Longitudinal Findings from the Presbyterian Panel Survey
Understanding Sociobehavioral Mitigators of Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Young Adults
A Terror Management Analysis of the Psychological Functions of Religion
A Mental Health Survey of Different Ethnic and Occupational Groups in Xinjiang, China
Religious Beliefs Affect Grieving After Pregnancy Loss
The Role of Religion in Buffering the Impact of Stressful Life Events on Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Episodes or Adjustment Disorder
The Effect of Spirituality on Mood
Increased Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Are Associated With High Intrinsic Religiosity Among Depressed Inpatients
The Link between Subjective Religiosity, Social Support, and Mental Health among Young Students in Eastern Europe during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Faith Is Not Enough?” Ego-Resiliency and Religiosity as Coping Resources with Pandemic Stress—Mediation Study
Religion and Perceived Stress Among Undergraduates During Fall 2001 Final Examinations
Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, Resilience and Mental Health Among Immigrant and Canadian-Born Pakistani Youth
Religious discrimination and common mental disorders in England
Correlations of religious beliefs with anxiety and depression of Chinese adolescents
When Caring Becomes Suffering
The Core Cultural Formulation Interview in Yielding Religious Content Among Patients Suffering from a Current Major Depressive Episode
Religious Coping Styles and Depressive Symptoms in Geriatric Patients
Relationship between mental health and religious orientation in Iran
The Challenge of Research into Religion and Spirituality (Keynote 1)
The psychology of religion and coping
Handbook of psychotherapy and religious diversity.
A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy.
The varieties of religious experience
Handbook of Religion and Health
The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes
Spirituality and Health
Religious orientation and psychological well‐being
Race and Gender Differences in Religiosity Among Older Adults
Religious involvement and mortality
Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Modeling the Cross-Sectional Relationships Between Religion, Physical Health, Social Support, and Depressive Symptoms
How and When Does Emotional Expression Help?
Religiosity and Remission of Depression in Medically Ill Older Patients
Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children's depression inventory
Religion in the home in the 1980s and 1990s
The many methods of religious coping
Religiousness and mental health reconsidered
Multilevel Random Coefficient Analyses of Event- and Interval-Contingent Data in Social and Personality Psychology Research
Optimism and Fundamentalism
Religious Coping and Health Status in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Adults
Religious Attendance and Psychological Well-Being in Mexican Americans
Religiousness, Race, and Psychological Well-Being
Trim and Fill
Bowling alone
The social readjustment rating scale
Gender Differences in Coping and Control with Memory Aging
Quest and Identity within a Religious Ideological Surround
Associations between Religious Attendance, Social Support, and Depression in Psychiatric Patients
Sin and Self-Functioning, Part 4
Dependency, “Irrationality,” and Community
Spiritual Well-Being
Religiosity and psychological distress among blacks
The Religious Orientation Scale
Does Public and Private Religiosity Have a Moderating Effect on Depression? a Bi-Racial Study of Elders in the American South
Women who are HIV infected
A Systematic Review of the Mortality of Depression
Understanding Biological and Social Influences on Religious Affiliation, Attitudes, and Behaviors
Religious Identity and Comfort Beliefs in Three Groups of Psychiatric Patients and a Group of Medical Controls
Self-focused attention in clinical disorders
Religiosity, Denomination, and Mental Health among Young Men and Women
Prediction of Depression-Proneness
Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility in Rural Women
Church Attendance, Religious Affiliation and Parental Responses to Sudden Infant Death, Neonatal Death and Stillbirth
Depression and gender
The Relation of Religious Preference and Practice to Depressive Symptoms among 1,855 Older Adults
Race, Gender, and the Relevance of Productive Activity for Elders' Affect
Religiosity Buffers Effects of Some Stressors on Depression but Exacerbates Others
Religious Activity and Depression among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons with Cancer
Curvilinearity and Religious Types
The Influence of Religion on Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Grief and religious belief
Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness
In the Service of Market Socialism
Perceiving Oppression
Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Unemployed Black Adults
Family, religion, and depressive symptoms in caregivers of disabled elderly
God help me
Race/ethnicity, acculturation, and psychological distress
Intrinsic religiousness as a stress-moderator for adult Protestant churchgoers
A measure of religiousness, and its relation to parent and child mental health variables
Adolescent response to the death of a parent
Church attendance, meaningfulness of religion, and depressive symptomatology among adolescents
The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire
Burnout and Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, and Monastic Clergy
Personal religious orientation and prejudice
How are we doing in soft psychology
Religiousness and Perceived Childhood Attachment
Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms
A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster
Intrinsic religiousness and religious coping as life stress moderators for Catholics versus Protestants
Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientations and mental health
Conceptualizing Religion and Spirituality
Religiosity and mental health
A Reexamination of the Antecedents of Apostasy
The biocultural context of social networks and depression among the elderly
Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research
Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis
Intraclass correlations
Self-focused attention and negative affect
Psychosocial functioning and depression
Sex differences in unipolar depression
When small effects are impressive
Development of gender differences in depression
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results
Religion, Intrinsic-Extrinsic Orientation, and Depression
Religious Involvement among Unmarried Adolescent Mothers
A Refuge for Some
Religion, Health, and Nonphysical Senses of Self
Religious Involvement and the Health of the Elderly
Patterns of Social Affiliation as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Among Urban Blacks
Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors
Religion and Psychological Distress
The Stress-Buffering Role of Spiritual Support
Returning to the Fold
Attachment Theory and Religion
Black and White Differences in Religious Participation
Religious Affiliation, Religiosity, and MMPI Scores
When is Faith Enough? The Effects of Religious Involvement on Depression
Religious Consolation Among Men and Women
| Unique citing works | 408 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 18,55 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 362 |