Culture and the categorization of emotions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4422976 |
|---|---|
| Authors | James A Russell (0000-0003-1041-3717, University of British Columbia, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1991 |
| Volume | 110 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 426-450 |
| Publication date | 1991-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0033-2909.110.3.426 |
| PMID | 1758918 |
| OpenAlex | W4247448751 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 285 |
| References cited | 114 |
Some writers assume--and others deny--that all human beings distinguish emotions from nonemotions and divide the emotions into happiness, anger, fear, and so on. A review of ethnographic and cross-cultural studies on (a) emotion lexicons, (b) the emotions inferred from facial expressions, and (c) dimensions implicit in comparative judgments of emotions indicated both similarities and differences in how the emotions are categorized in different languages and cultures. Five hypotheses are reviewed: (a) Basic categories of emotion are pancultural, subordinate categories culture specific; (b) emotional focal points are pancultural, boundaries culture specific; (c) emotion categories evolved from a single primitive category of physiological arousal; (d) most emotion categories are culture specific but can be defined by pancultural semantic primitives; and (e) an emotion category is a script with both culture-specific and pancultural components
Affective science · Anger · Arousal · Categorization · Cognitive psychology · Disgust · Emotion classification · Emotion work · Facial expression · Happiness · Linguistics · Two-factor theory of emotion · Artificial Intelligence · Categorization, perception, and language · Communication · Computer Science · Cultural Differences and Values · Emotions and Moral Behavior · International Student and Expatriate Challenges · Multisensory perception and integration · Psychology · Social Psychology
The social roles and functions of emotions
Destructive managerial anger stemming from self‐immanent pride
Fazendo o melhor da vida na morte
Fazendo o melhor da vida na morte
Efeito racional e efeito emocional
Emotion Representation and Perception Across Cultures
Emotions and the Urban Lighting Environment
Malay Traditional Games Are Never a Loss
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Gastronomic experiences on tourists’ life satisfaction and happiness
Emocija besa - univerzalna ili kulturno specifična
Putting Emotional Memories in Context
Leveraging emotion-behavior pathways to support environmental behavior change
Shame in Two Cultures
The recognition of 18 facial-bodily expressions across nine cultures
Bodily maps of emotions are culturally universal
Emotion perception, but not affect perception, is impaired with semantic memory loss
Context facilitates performance on a classic cross-cultural emotion perception task
The role of attention in immediate emotional false memory enhancement
Development and Validation of a Measure of Display Rule Knowledge
Valuing calm enhances enjoyment of calming (vs. exciting) amusement park rides and exercise
The voice conveys emotion in ten globalized cultures and one remote village in Bhutan
Standard back-translation procedures may not capture proper emotion concepts
Should job applicants be excited or calm? The role of culture and ideal affect in employment settings
The jingle and jangle of emotion assessment
Pancultural nostalgia
Generality and cultural variation in the experience of regret
A new look at emotion perception
Universals and cultural variations in 22 emotional expressions across five cultures
Emotion socialization in cultural context
How are mental state references represented in English and Japanese picture books? An analysis of the frequency of emotional and cognitive words and their relation to the self or others
Affective and Psycholinguistic Norms for 1200 Two‐character Chinese Words
Development and Initial Psychometrics of the Korean Mood State Inventory
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Key Worlds, Culture and Cognition
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The Preponderance of Negative Emotion Words in the Emotion Lexicon
Ketupat Palas Sebagai Satu Warisan Tradisi Melayu
Assessing the Dimensionality and Structure of the Consumption Experience
Toward a Deep Cultural Psychology of Shame
Ethnopsychologies
Facial expressions of emotion
Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies
The effects of feedback interventions on performance
Children's recognition of disgust in others
On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect
"From Good Cheer to "Drive-By Smiling
Emotion without a word
Influence and adjustment goals
Mood and context-dependence
Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect
Valence focus and arousal focus
In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts
The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures
Gheirat as a complex emotional reaction to relational boundary violations
Facial expression predictions as drivers of social perception
Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis
Universal development of emotion categories in natural language
On Pancultural Self-Enhancement
The Value of Vulnerability
On Walking on Our Ears
Tragic Pleasure from Homer to Plato
Ancient Anger
Culture and Social Psychology
Emotion
Cultural Psychology
The Emotions
The angry poet and the angry gods
Angry bees, wasps, and jurors
Thumos as masculine ideal and social pathology in ancient Greek magical spells
The Bilingual Mind
Deeper than reason
No more than skin deep
Target Article
The role of language in emotion
Facial and Vocal Expressions of Emotion
Profiles of Emotion-antecedent Appraisal
Elevation Leads to Altruistic Behavior
Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients
Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of Analysis
The Role of Culture and Gender in the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect
Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal
Ideal Affect
Appraisal Determinants of Tourist Emotional Responses
The theory of constructed emotion
Emotion and emotion-laden words in the bilingual lexicon
Goal-directed Emotions
Reflections on Investigating Emotion in Educational Activity Settings
Neural correlates of written emotion word processing
Chapter 4 Affect as a Psychological Primitive
Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala
The World of Emotions is not Two-Dimensional
Emotional intelligence
Cultural differences in emotion
Discrete Emotions or Dimensions? The Role of Valence Focus and Arousal Focus
Emotions and their expression in Chinese culture
Solving the Emotion Paradox
Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Predominancia de la educación emocional occidental en contexto indígena
The Role of Time in Facial Dynamics and Challenges in Automatic Emotion Recognition (2019–2024)
Australian aboriginal concepts
Curanderismo; Mexican-American folk psychiatry.
Text, play, and story
The twice-born
Freedom in Fulani social life
Aspects of Consciousness and Personality in Terms of Differential Emotions Theory
Medusa's Hair
Nisa
The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
The Cognitive Structure of Emotions
A Constructivist View of Emotion
Norm theory
Distinguishing anger and anxiety in terms of emotional response factors.
Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency
The Vocabulary of Emotion
Pan-Cultural Elements in Facial Displays of Emotion
Cognitive representations of semantic categories.
American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion
Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Among Emotions
The Analysis of Proximities
On the Internal Structure of Perceptual and Semantic Categories11this Research Was Supported in Part by a Grant to the Author (Under Her Former Name, Eleanor Rosch Heider) From the Foundations Fund for Research in Psychiatry # G67-392, in Part by Funds Made Available to the Child Study Center of Brown University From the Grant Foundation and From the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Collaborative Project (Ph-43-68-13), and in Part by Research Funds Made Available by the University of California at Berkeley (220 Grant #K9pf-429). I Wish to Thank Karl G. Heider for His Help in the Field in West Irian (Indonesian New Guinea), Dr. Robert Olton for Assistance in Carrying Out Experiment 3, and Keith Burton, Randy Street, and Peter Lewitt Who Assisted With Experiment 4. Experiment 4 Was Performed With Dr. Richard Millward While the Author Was a Research Associate at Brown University.
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective.
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Never in anger
Society and cosmos
Indigenous psychologies
Basic color terms
The Forest of Symbols
Cultural Models in Language and Thought
The Dynamics of Polyandry
The Culture-bound syndromes
Knowledge and passion
Simultaneous Processing Of Multiple Stimulus Dimensions Among Paranoid And Nonparanoid Schizophrenics
Cross-language comparisons of emotional terms with special reference to the concept of anxiety
El Susto
Chinese Culture, Personality Formation and Mental Illness
Psychiatric Disorder Among the Yoruba
The Judgment of Facial Expressions by Three National-Racial Groups in Hawaii
The Anthropology of Emotions
Illness from fright or soul loss
The cross-cultural study of emotions
Pena in the Ecuadorian Sierra
Knowledge and Passion
Cultural variations in the response to psychiatric disorders and emotional distress
Sensitivity of Canadians, Latin Americans, Ethiopians, and Israelis to interracial facial expressions of emotions
Concepts of depression in emotion lexicons of eight cultures
Developmental characteristics in judgments of emotion from nonverbal vocal cues
Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions
The grouping of affect terms according to the situations that elicit them
The intercultural recognition of emotional expressions by three national racial groups
Field dependence and sensitivity to facial affect cues
Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions
On the dimensions preschoolers use to interpret facial expressions of emotion
Cross-Cultural Variations in the Phenomenological Experience of Depression
Extension to Indian Subjects of a Study of Exploratory and Verbal Responses to Visual Patterns
A Note on Some Ethnological Differences in Recognition of Simulated Expressions of the Emotions
The Face of Man
Cultural/Ethnology
The linguistic relativity of person cognition
On the whys and wherefores of E, P, and A
Pancultural aspects of the human conceptual organization of emotions
Constants across cultures in the face and emotion
In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts
A taxonomic study of the vocabulary of emotions
Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion
Evidence of convergent validity on the dimensions of affect
Individual differences multidimensional scaling of adjectives denoting feelings
The concept of love viewed from a prototype perspective
A conical model for the taxonomy of emotional experience
A cross-cultural study of a circumplex model of affect
A circumplex model of affect
The language of emotions
A restatement and test of Schlosberg's theory of emotion with two kinds of subjects from Greece
The rationality of emotions
Construct validity in psychological tests
Studies in the phenomenology of emotions
The nature and function of emotion
Language and Affect
Veiled Sentiments
The Epidemiology of a Folk Illness
The Greeks and the Irrational
Psychiatry Around the Globe
The Logic and Meaning of Anger Among Pintupi Aborigines
The Cultural Construction of Emotion in Rural Chinese Social Life
Shame, Culture, and Status among the Swahili of Mombasa
Parental Goals, Ethnopsychology, and the Development of Emotional Meaning
Shame and Guilt
Shame, Social Action, and the Person among the Baining
Shame and Stage Fright in Java
The Shame of Headhunters and the Autonomy of Self
Introduction
Kagwahiv Mourning
Emotions and the Self
Sharing and Diversity in Emotion terminology
The domain of emotion words on Ifaluk
On Human Emotions
The Colors of Emotions in Machiguenga
Human Emotions
What Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
| Unique citing works | 275 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,14 |
| Citation span | 1991 - 2026 (36) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 220 |