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Cass's Homosexual Identity Formation

A Critical Analysis

Bibliographic Data

ID4455224
AuthorsKristopher M Goodrich (0000-0002-6774-4413, Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education University of New Mexico, corresponding author), M Kathryn Brammer (0000-0003-2772-3463, Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education University of New Mexico)
Year2021
Volume49
Issue4
Pages239-253
Publication date2021-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0883-8534 • E-ISSN: 2161-1912
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/jmcd.12228
OpenAlexW3205089361
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited26

Cass's (1979) model of homosexual identity formation has been used as a guideline to understand sexual identity development, although questions of its current applicability have been raised. This article critically analyzes Cass's model through a contemporary lens. To contextualize and understand the model and its implications, we review empirical and anecdotal research, as well as several human processes. Implications for counselors and counselor educators and suggestions for best use of the model are provided.El modelo de formación de la identidad homosexual de Cass (1979) ha sido utilizado como una guía para comprender el desarrollo de la identidad sexual, aunque han surgido dudas sobre su validez en la actualidad. Este artículo analiza de forma crítica el modelo de Cass desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Para contextualizar y comprender el modelo y sus implicaciones, revisamos las investigaciones empíricas y anecdóticas, además de varios procesos humanos. Se proporcionan implicaciones para consejeros y educadores en consejería, así como sugerencias sobre la mejor forma de utilizar el modelo

Aesthetics · Humanities · Identity (music · Sociology · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy · Philosophy · Psychology · Reproductive Health and Technologies

  • Milestones, revisited

    Open Access•William Warton, Olivia Bruce et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2026

  • Changes in LGBTQ+ Students’ Sexual and Gender Identity Expression Since the Transition to College

    Open Access•Antonia E Caba, Veronica Hanna-Walker et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2025

  • Psychometric Proprieties of the European Portuguese Version of the Self-Acceptance of Sexuality Inventory (Sasi-PT)

    Open Access•Daniel Seabra, Rita Rouxinol et al.•Sexuality Research and Social…•2025

  • Sexting Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong and Taiwan

    Open Access•L S Chan, Biying Wu-Ouyang•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2023

  • The Coming Out Process of Sexual and Gender Minority Latines in the United States

    Open Access•Camilo Posada Rodríguez, Sreelakshmi Pushpanadh et al.•Journal of Homosexuality•2025

  • Contemporary Issues in Sexual Orientation and Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood

    Open Access•Elizabeth M Morgan, Elizabeth Morgan•Emerging Adulthood•2013

  • Uses and Misuses of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Human Development

    Open Access•Jonathan Tudge, Irina L Mokrova et al.•Journal of Family Theory & Review•2009

  • Variations in Sexual Identity Milestones Among Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals

    Open Access•Alexander J Martos, Sheila Nezhad et al.•Sexuality Research and Social…•2014

  • A Reflection on “Bisexuals and BDSM

    Steve Lenius•Journal of Bisexuality•2011

  • Understanding Human Sexuality

    Joyce Mccarl Nielsen, Janet Shibley Hyde et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1980

  • Homosexual identity formation

    Vivienne C Cass•The Journal of Sex Research•1984

  • The Coming-Out Process of Young Lesbian and Bisexual Women

    Open Access•Margaret Rosario, Eric W Schrimshaw et al.•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2009

  • Ethnic Related Variations from the Cass Model of Homosexual Identity Formation

    Heather L Adams, Layli Phillips•Journal of Homosexuality•2009

  • Personality theory and the problem of stability change in individual behavior

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    Heidi Levine•Journal of Homosexuality•1997

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    Sean A Halpin, Sean Halpin et al.•Journal of Homosexuality•2004

  • Homosexual Identity Formation

    Vivienne C Ca, Vivienne C Cass•Journal of Homosexuality•1979

  • Homosexual Identity Formation as a Developmental Process

    Henry L Milton, Gary J Macdonald et al.•Journal of Homosexuality•1984

  • The Gay Identity Questionnaire

    Stephen Brady, Wilma J Busse•Journal of Homosexuality•1994

  • Homosexual Identity

    Vivienne C Ca, Vivienne C Cass•Journal of Homosexuality•1984

  • Revisiting Cass's Model of Homosexual Identity Development in Context of Bangladesh Society

    Open Access•Md Azmeary Ferdoush•SAGE Open•2016

Unique citing works5
Citations per year1,67
Citation span2023 - 2026 (4)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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