Holocene Khoesan health

A Biocultural Analysis of Cranial Pathology and Trauma

Bibliographic Data

ID4627812
AuthorsV E Gibbons (0000-0001-7875-3297, Division of Clinical Anatomy & Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology University of Cape Town Observatory 7935 South Africa, corresponding author), Bronte Davies (0000-0003-4848-1192, Division of Clinical Anatomy & Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology University of Cape Town Observatory 7935 South Africa)
Year2020
Volume30
Issue3
Pages287-296
Publication date2020-05-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Osteoarchaeology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1047-482X • E-ISSN: 1099-1212
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/oa.2854
OpenAlexW3000055881
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited68

A bioarchaeological assessment of human skeletons provides an objective opportunity to study and understand past peoples. Crania were analysed to evaluate health and well-being of a past Khoesan sample in southern Africa. These data were analysed temporally and spatially (coastal vs inland), and by sex and age. Cranial and dental pathology of 150 adult individuals from the Human Skeletal Collection at the University of Cape Town were assessed. Most individuals were of coastal origin, equally distributed between pre- and post-2000 bp. The sample was nearly equally distributed by sex and consisted primarily of middle-aged adults (35-50 years at time-of-death). Physiological stress was indicated by evidence of nutrient deficiencies and signs of metabolic stress, without significant differences by sex. Cribra orbitalia was more frequent post-2 000 bp, and linear enamel hypoposlasias were common in those who died at younger ages. Signs of infection were observed in dental tissues as carious lesions, abscess and antemortem tooth loss. Trauma was found in 52% of the sample, 19% was antemortem, with a significant increase post-2000 bp, 39% were caused perimortem and was significantly higher in women. Significant distributions of pathology indicate an increased stress load from 2000 bp onwards and it was higher among coastal individuals, indicating a critical period with an influx of people migrating into the region causing population displacement, forced internal migration and increased conflict at this time. Despite the seemingly high pathogen load, these individuals were resilient and living through health problems. Across this broad time-period, the southern African Khoesan lifestyle proves to be adequate to maintain good health and longevity in their social and environmental context

Archaeology · Bioarchaeology · Crania · Environmental health · Geography · Oral health · Paleopathology · Pathology · Population · Tooth loss · Demography · Dentistry · Forensic and Genetic Research · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies · Indigenous Studies and Ecology · Medicine · Anatomy · Gerontology · Physiology

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