A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4884085 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Katerina Bezrukova (0000-0001-8844-5351, University at Buffalo, State University of New York), Chester S Spell (0000-0002-1696-5136, Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights), Jamie L Perry (0000-0001-7866-9159, Cornell University), Karen A Jehn (0000-0002-6325-1347, The University of Melbourne) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 142 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 1227-1274 |
| Publication date | 2016-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/bul0000067 |
| PMID | 27618543 |
| OpenAlex | W2518907272 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 161 |
| References cited | 90 |
This meta-analysis of 260 independent samples assessed the effects of diversity training on 4 training outcomes over time and across characteristics of training context, design, and participants. Models from the training literature and psychological theory on diversity were used to generate theory-driven predictions. The results revealed an overall effect size (Hedges g) of .38 with the largest effect being for reactions to training and cognitive learning; smaller effects were found for behavioral and attitudinal/affective learning. Whereas the effects of diversity training on reactions and attitudinal/affective learning decayed over time, training effects on cognitive learning remained stable and even increased in some cases. While many of the diversity training programs fell short in demonstrating effectiveness on some training characteristics, our analysis does reveal that successful diversity training occurs. The positive effects of diversity training were greater when training was complemented by other diversity initiatives, targeted to both awareness and skills development, and conducted over a significant period of time. The proportion of women in a training group was associated with more favorable reactions to diversity training. Implications for policy and directions for future research on diversity training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Biology · Cognition · Context (archaeology) · Diversity (politics) · Diversity training · Meta-analysis · Training (meteorology) · Applied Psychology · Global Health Workforce Issues · Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation · Medical Education and Admissions · Medicine · Psychology · Social Psychology
Kulturelle Vielfalt der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics
Racial Discrimination in Context
Developing Cultural Self-Awareness for Intervention in Diversity Contexts
Gender, traditional gender ideology, gender essentialist beliefs, and masculinity threat as determinants of attitudes toward trans and gender diverse people in a U.K. sample
Lessons From Te Tai Tokerau Taiohi for Teachers Who Want to See and Change Their Racial Biases
The Patient and Carer Race Equality Framework
Anti-Racism Working Group
Diversity management and gender equality outcomes in research, development and innovation organisations
Sensibiliser à la diversité
Teaching Sizeism
Developmental differences in the malleability of implicit racial bias following exposure to counterstereotypical exemplars
Disrupting the Effects of Implicit Bias
Promoting justice or perpetuating prejudice? Interrupting external motivation in multicultural training
Kulturelle Vielfalt der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Challenging beliefs about cultural diversity in education
Teachers’ Beliefs About Inclusive Education and Insights on What Contributes to Those Beliefs
Prejudice Reduction
The mixed effects of online diversity training
Gender bias in academia
Gender Inclusion and Fit in STEM
The Relationships of Intergroup Ideologies to Ethnic Prejudice
Implicit Social Cognition
Mosaic
The impact of diversity statements on age diversity
Age Diversity and Age-Based Faultlines in Teams
Games of prejudice - experiments with adolescents
What matters for the scalability of prejudice reduction programs and interventions? A Delphi study
Men’s Leadership Development
Using virtual reality to increase empathy and combat bias in the classroom
Ambivalent Sexism in Policing
How to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in Educational Settings
Reorienting Implicit Bias Education in Organizations
Moving Beyond Implicit Bias Training
Anti-Racism Efforts in Healthcare
How (and Why) to Leverage Leaders to Change Social Bias
Diversity-Trainings und das Prinzip der Individualisierung. Eine neo-institutionalistische Analyse
A Commentary on the Upending of DEI Research in STEM
Supporting Institutional Change through Interracial Dialogue among Leaders
Why Antibias Interventions (Need Not) Fail
Incorporating Social-Marketing Insights Into Prejudice Research
Motivation Science Can Improve Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Trainings
Parents’ Role in Addressing Children’s Racial Bias
The potential of virtual reality to combat teacher bias and increase empathy
Pathways to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Educating Engineering Students to Address Bias and Discrimination Within Their Project Teams
Antecedents and Outcomes of a Culturally Diverse Workforce in Hotels
Leading with pride
Counseling students’ responsibility attributions
Building a Primary Prevention Ecosystem in the United States
Change in attitudes and beliefs about implicit bias education
Teachers’ changed perceptions of pupils’ motivation for learning through professional development
The EThIC Model of Virtue-Based Allyship Development
Diversity-Specific Empowering Leadership
A Brief Pro-Diversity Social Marketing Intervention Improves Grades and Well-Being of Students From Marginalized Groups
A Growth Mindset Frame Increases Opting In to Reading Information About Bias
Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes
Career Interventions for Promoting Gender Equality
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Inservice Professional Development Explicitly Addressing Race and Racism
Statistical and taste-based discrimination in the labor market
Concept of and approaches toward a developmental prevention of radicalization
Evaluating diversity training in schools
A brief diversity training
Can group identity explain the gender gap in the recruitment process
Occupational exoskeletons
Hiring discrimination against refugees
Shining the light on women's work, this time brighter
“You’ve got the door cracked enough that maybe they can’t quite get it closed again”
Exploring Talent Management in the Era of Diversity and Inclusion within a Manufacturing Company
Workplace Inclusion Initiatives Across the Globe
A shortage of support
Diversity initiatives in the US workplace
A dual‐process framework for diversity training to reduce discrimination in organizational settings
Interventions to Reduce Blatant and Subtle Sexual Orientation‐ and Gender Identity Prejudice (Sogip)
Consequences of Individual‐, Organizational‐, and Societal‐Level Allyship
Mixed Signals
An exploratory investigation of factors predicting anti-oppressive competencies among White social work students using a socioecological approach
Changing preservice teacher students’ stereotypes and attitudes and reducing judgment biases concerning students of different family backgrounds
Measuring beliefs in the instrumentality of ethnic diversity
Increasing the perceived malleability of gender bias using a modified Video Intervention for Diversity in STEM (Vids)
Effects of police ethics training on ethnic prejudice and social dominance orientation
Combatting gender discrimination
It is worth taking a closer look
Autism in Higher Education
Effects of repeated implicit bias training in a North American university
Queer terror management theory on trial
Political Effects of Exposure to Evidence about Racial Discrimination
Anti‐bias training and perceived force climate
When I learned I had a race”
Influencing diversity beliefs through a personal testimonial, promotion‐focused approach
Linking Age‐Diversity Practices and Company Ratings Over Time
Beyond demographic identities and motivation to learn
Training Human Service Professionals
Challenging Anti-Black Racism across the Curriculum
Anti-Racism Education and Training for Adult Mentors Who Work With Bipoc Adolescents
The Gendered Consequences of Risk-Taking at Work
Transgender Knowledge Mediates U.S. Political Differences in Prejudice and Support for Trans-inclusive Policies
Promoting Inclusive Environments
Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender
Women of Color Psychologists as Leaders in Higher Education
The psychology of attitudes
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Publication Bias in the Organizational Sciences
Learning Styles and Learning Spaces
Toward a formalized account of attitudes
Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs.
Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation.
Beyond the Contact Hypothesis
Evaluating the Impact of Multicultural Counseling Training
Prejudice Reduction
The Science of Training
Raising White Privilege Awareness and Reducing Racial Prejudice
Toward an integrative theory of training motivation
Trim and Fill
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance.
Implicit social cognition
Examining the influence of cross‐cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific self‐efficacy
Intercultural service encounters
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
The Advantages of an Inclusive Definition of Attitude
Cultural Competence Training for Clinical Staff
Teaching Methods and an Outcome Tool for Measuring Cultural Sensitivity in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Evaluating the Influence of Cultural Competence Education on Students’ Transcultural Self-Efficacy Perceptions
Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial behavior in Eastern and Western countries
Cultural competence as an ethical requirement
The impact of the Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation in the Academy (Wages–Academic) in demonstrating cumulative effects of gender bias
Intervention Effectiveness in Reducing Prejudice Against Transsexuals
The Effects of Participation in a Cultural Awareness Program on Jail Inmates
Training for Cultural Competence
The Application of the Personalization Model in Diversity Management
Multicultural training on American Indian issues
Understanding what students bring to the classroom
Stereotype change and prejudice reduction
A meta‐analytic evaluation of diversity training outcomes
Ironic evaluation processes
A field study of group diversity, participation in diversity education programs, and performance
The rich get richer
Designing effective diversity training
Marriage and Family Therapy Students’ Change in Multicultural Counseling Competencies after a Diversity Course
The impact of a field immersion program on pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward teaching in culturally diverse classrooms
The impact of a combined cognitive–affective intervention on pre-service teachers’ attitudes, knowledge, and anticipated professional behaviors regarding homosexuality and gay and lesbian issues
Investigating the Utility of the Film War Zone in the Prevention of Street Harassment
Addressing disproportionality and disparity in child welfare
Training across cultures
Assessing intercultural effectiveness outcomes in a year-long study abroad program
The analysis of the effects of experiential training on Sojourners cross-cultural adaptability
Beyond communication courses
Effects of alternative instructional approaches on cross-cultural training outcomes
Assessing changes in intercultural sensitivity among physician trainees using the intercultural development inventory
The effects of a systematic training program on the attitudes and behaviors of white people
The effects of time and practice upon culture assimilator training
Cross-cultural training effects on cultural essentialism beliefs and cultural intelligence
Building intercultural links
First Evaluation of a Stereotype Reduction Workshop
Increasing Preservice Teachers' Diversity Beliefs and Commitment
Influencing Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes About Working With Low-Income and/or Ethnic Minority Families
Diversity Training and Intergroup Contact
From Sex to Gender
"Unlearning" automatic biases
Accelerating Research on Suicide Risk and Prevention in Women Veterans Through Research-Operations Partnerships
Rethinking the MBA
Learning about Social Diversity
Consider the situation
Experiencing Alien-Nation
Long-term reduction in implicit race bias
Theory to social action
Has Racism Declined in America
Perspective taking combats automatic expressions of racial bias
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory
Attitudes of Hispanics and Anglos Surrounding a Workforce Diversity Intervention
Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media
Benefits of Training and Development for Individuals and Teams, Organizations, and Society
Intergroup Contact Theory
Experiential Involvement as an Adjunct to Teaching Cultural Sensitivity
The Effect of Training on Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Increasing the Cultural Proficiency of Clinical Managers
What Precipitates Change in Cultural Diversity Awareness during a Multicultural Course
Multicultural Training for Undergraduates
The Influence of Multicultural Training on Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Implicit Racial Prejudice
Cross-Cultural Contact in Counseling Training
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results
Multicultural Education Courses and the Student Teacher
Racial prejudice, interpersonal attraction, and assumed dissimilarity of attitudes
Experiential versus Rational Training
The Effect of a Workshop on Attitides of Female Nursing Students Toward Male Homosexuality
Interventions to Reduce Sexual Minority Stigma in Sororities
Multicultural Counselor Training Experiences
Using Personal Growth Groups in Multicultural Counseling Courses to Foster Students' Ethnic Identity Development
The Role of Culture Theory in Cross-Cultural Training
| Unique citing works | 161 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 20,13 |
| Citation span | 2018 - 2026 (9) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 147 |