An interactive model of democratic peace
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4918450 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David Altman (0000-0001-5985-6063, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, corresponding author), Federico Rojas De Galarreta (0000-0002-0274-1457, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Federico Rojas-De-Galarreta (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), Francisco Urdinez (0000-0003-3333-478X, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 384-398 |
| Publication date | 2021-05-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Peace Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3433 • E-ISSN: 1460-3578 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022343319883672 |
| OpenAlex | W3021902804 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 7 |
| References cited | 71 |
Democracies do not take up arms against each other. Although this axiom has attained the status of a mantra in the field of international relations, this statement is much more complex than it appears, in part because it is highly contingent on the definitions and operationalizations of both democracy and conflict. This article revisits democratic peace theory, combining both institutional constraints and similarity-based arguments. Interactions between the democratic level of the dyad (the average democratic level of its members) and its democratic spread (difference between the democratic scores of its members) create a dyadic triangle that encompasses all possible combinations of cases, revisiting which dyads are more prone to conflict. The findings partially confirm and partially refute both the institutional constraints and the similarity-based arguments, leading to a nuanced alternative theory: the Interactive Model of Democratic Peace. Akin to democratic peace theory, our evidence shows that the higher a dyad's level of democracy is, the lower the probability of fatal militarized interstate disputes between that pair of states. However, contrary to democratic peace theory, we find that dissimilar-regime dyads can still be peaceful as long as they have a high mean of democracy. Following the theory of regime similarity, we consider the democratic spread of each dyad, but we find that being similar is not a sufficient condition for peace between the members of a dyad. From the empirical evidence, the article derives three heuristic zones of conflict, filling much of the gray area that has been left unexplained by previous models
Democracy · Dyad · Economics · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Sociology · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · Peacebuilding and International Security · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology · Social Psychology
The political as crisis and war
Peace psychology and the deadly competition between democracy and dictatorship
Impact of democracy on economic, human, and societal development
Politics, Power, and Influence
From democratic peace theory to a Kantian critical cosmology of peace
From Negative to Positive Peace
Episodes of regime transformation
Triangulating Peace
Polyarchy
The Puzzle of Peace
Behavior, society, and nuclear war
Grasping the Democratic Peace
Democracy and Its Critics
Democracy in America
The MID4 dataset, 2002–2010
Explaining Interstate Conflict and War
Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816–1992
Simplified complexity
Reconstructing the correlates of war dataset on material capabilities of states, 1816–1985
Democratization in Conflict Research
Democracies in international crisis
Measure for Mis-measure
The Insignificance of the Liberal Peace
Taking Time Seriously
The Distribution of Wars over Time
Compression and Conditional Effects
Heterogeneity in the Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs), 1816–2001
The Effects of Political Similarity on the Onset of Militarized Disputes, 1816-1985
Back to the Future
Understanding Interaction Models
Logistic Regression in Rare Events Data
Regime Types and International Conflict, 1816-1976
Dangerous Dyads
Peace and Democracy
The Relevance of Politically Relevant Dyads
Libertarianism and International Violence
Debating the Democratic Peace in the International System
The Democratic Peace
Permanent Friends? Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace
The Classical Liberals Were Right
Toward a Continuous Specification of the Democracy-Autocracy Connection
Preferences and the Democratic Peace
The Democratic Peace Unraveled
Where to draw the line? From degree to dichotomy in measures of democracy
Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy
Kant We All Just get Along? Opportunity, Willingness, and the Origins of the Democratic Peace
The Capitalist Peace
Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace
Territory, Contiguity, and International Conflict
Testing for Interaction in Binary Logit and Probit Models
Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy
The Social Market Roots of Democratic Peace
A New Dataset for Measuring Democracy, 1810-1998
Democracy and Peace
Formal Alliances, 1816-1965
Development and the Liberal Peace
The Hazard of War
Democracy and armed conflict
Formal alliances, 1815-1939
A Comparative Theory Test of Democratic Peace Arguments, 1946-2000
The New Rivalry Dataset
Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986
Dictatorial Peace
Democracy and the Peaceful Settlement of International Conflict
The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory
Liberalism and World Politics
Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes
| Citations per year | 1.4 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Highly cited | No |